Incomplete Pairwise Comparisons Method for Estimating the Impact Criteria for Hub Airports Network Optimization

2021 ◽  
pp. 259-270
Author(s):  
Nataliya M. Kuzmina ◽  
Alexandra N. Ridley
Keyword(s):  
Network Optimization ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Influence of the Smile Line on Smile Attractiveness in Short and Long Face Individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Amjad Al Taki ◽  
Thar Hayder Mohammed ◽  
Ahmad Mohammad Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Attractiveness Rating ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dental Professionals

Objectives. The study assessed the impact of facial height on attractiveness of smile, in association with the maxillary gingival display. This research was performed by dental professionals and laypersons.Materials and Methods. Frontal extraoral photographs were captured for both short and long faces. The photographs were modified using software for image-processing and three rater groups (orthodontists, dentists, and laypersons) evaluated the smile attractiveness, with 30 subjects in each group. Differences in ratings of the different smiles among the different experimental groups were examined using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The Mann–WhitneyUtest was performed for pairwise comparisons between the experimental groups.Results. Dentists and laypeople were most likely to agree. For the short face, laypeople and dentists both rated the +2 mm gingival display smile as the most attractive smile whilst orthodontists ranked the 0 mm gingival display smile as the most attractive smile. For the long face, laypeople and dentists ranked the 0 mm gingival display smile as the most attractive smile, whilst orthodontists ranked the +2 mm gingival display as the most attractive.Conclusion. Smile line of both short and long face subjects was found to influence the smile attractiveness rating by the three rater groups.

scholarly journals Report on an Analytic Network Process (ANP) Model to Estimate the Benefits, Opportunities, Costs, and Risks (BOCR) that Gun Policies and Violence Prevention Interventions have on Legal Users of Firearms

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis G Vargas ◽  
Amos N. Guiora ◽  
Marcel C. Minutolo
Keyword(s):  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Network Process ◽  
Zero Sum ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Balancing public good with individual rights is a difficult task; gun policies attempt to do just this. To ensure public safety, local, state, and federal agencies piece together policies that each entity believes will meet the needs of public welfare. When legislating new gun policies, the impact the policies have on gun owners are perceived as a zero-sum game; some groups are perceived to gain while others think they are losing, but the reality is much more nuanced.    The reason the impact of these policies on all lawful gun owners has been considered a zero-sum game is largely because to date there has been no research measuring the impact. Further, there have been no attempts to quantify the impact that the policies have on lawful gun owners. The sole argument that has been made is about constitutionality.   In this paper, we develop an approach based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The approach allows us to develop criteria for evaluating the impact of these policies on lawful gun owners and generate priorities for the criteria from pairwise comparisons. Criteria are compared in pairs, thus the term pairwise comparisons.  This allows us to score, as with a scorecard model, gun policies for various types of gun owners with respect to the criteria according to the Benefits, Opportunities, Costs, and Risks, thereby determining the impact of each policy.

scholarly journals Assessment of inter-laboratory differences in SARS-CoV-2 consensus genome assemblies between public health laboratories in Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S.P. Foster ◽  
Sacha Stelzer-Braid ◽  
Ira W. Deveson ◽  
Rowena A. Bull ◽  
Malinna Yeang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Pairwise Identity ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Sequencing Errors ◽  
Genome Assemblies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Matched Samples ◽  
Ambiguous Site ◽  
Viral Isolates

Whole-genome sequencing of viral isolates is critical for informing transmission patterns and ongoing evolution of pathogens, especially during a pandemic. However, when genomes have low variability in the early stages of a pandemic, the impact of technical and/or sequencing errors increases. We quantitatively assessed inter-laboratory differences in consensus genome assemblies of 72 matched SARS-CoV-2-positive specimens sequenced at different laboratories in Sydney, Australia. Raw sequence data were assembled using two different bioinformatics pipelines in parallel, and resulting consensus genomes were compared to detect laboratory-specific differences. Matched genome sequences were predominantly concordant, with a median pairwise identity of 99.997%. Identified differences were predominantly driven by ambiguous site content. Ignoring these produced differences in only 2.3% (5/216) of pairwise comparisons, each differing by a single nucleotide. Matched samples were assigned the same Pango lineage in 98.2% (212/216) of pairwise comparisons, and were mostly assigned to the same phylogenetic clade. However, epidemiological inference based only on single nucleotide variant distances may lead to significant differences in the number of defined clusters if variant allele frequency thresholds for consensus genome generation differ between laboratories. These results underscore the need for a unified, best-practices approach to bioinformatics between laboratories working on a common outbreak problem.

scholarly journals The Clinical Significance of Promoter Methylation of Fluoropyrimidine Metabolizing and Cyclooxygenase Genes in Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 251686572098623
Author(s):  
Mariam Ahmed Fouad ◽  
Salem Eid Salem ◽  
Marwa M. Hussien ◽  
Doaa Mohamed Badr ◽  
Abdelrahman N. Zekri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Promoter Methylation ◽  
Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cox2 Expression

Aims: This study investigated the impact of promoter methylation of flouropyrimidine (FP) metabolizing and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) genes on their mRNA expression and on the clinical outcome of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods: Methylation specific-PCR and real time-PCR of thymidylate synthase (TS), thymidine phosphorylase (TP), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and COX2 were performed at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of FP therapy. Pairwise comparisons were conducted between the subgroups of CRC patients. The event free survival (EFS) and the hazard of progression were estimated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: At baseline CRC patients, both TS and TP were overexpressed, in spite of the unmethylation of TS and the full methylation of TP genes. Significant downexpression of DPD and COX2 were associated their promoter’s methylation. At the end of FP therapy, TS, DPD and COX2 were overexpressed by 7.52, 2.88 and 3.45 folds, respectively, while TP was downexpressed by 0.54 fold. However, no change was observed in the methylation status of genes with FP therapy. Pairwise comparisons revealed significant difference in the expression and the methylation status of genes according to the clinicopathological characters of CRC patients either at baseline or after FP therapy. The overexpression of DPD and COX2 genes were indicators for a poor EFS of CRC patients. Also, the high level of COX2 expression was found to be significantly correlated with the hazard of progression (HR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.02-3.03). Conclusion: The promoter methylation of FP metabolizing and COX2 genes has significant impact on the expression and the treatment outcome of CRC patients.

scholarly journals ROB-MEN: a tool to assess risk of bias due to missing evidence in network meta-analysis

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Chiocchia ◽  
Adriani Nikolakopoulou ◽  
Julian P. T. Higgins ◽  
Matthew J. Page ◽  
Theodoros Papakonstantinou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Application ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Selective outcome reporting and publication bias threaten the validity of systematic reviews and meta-analyses and can affect clinical decision-making. A rigorous method to evaluate the impact of this bias on the results of network meta-analyses of interventions is lacking. We present a tool to assess the Risk Of Bias due to Missing Evidence in Network meta-analysis (ROB-MEN). Methods ROB-MEN first evaluates the risk of bias due to missing evidence for each of the possible pairwise comparison that can be made between the interventions in the network. This step considers possible bias due to the presence of studies with unavailable results (within-study assessment of bias) and the potential for unpublished studies (across-study assessment of bias). The second step combines the judgements about the risk of bias due to missing evidence in pairwise comparisons with (i) the contribution of direct comparisons to the network meta-analysis estimates, (ii) possible small-study effects evaluated by network meta-regression, and (iii) any bias from unobserved comparisons. Then, a level of “low risk”, “some concerns”, or “high risk” for the bias due to missing evidence is assigned to each estimate, which is our tool’s final output. Results We describe the methodology of ROB-MEN step-by-step using an illustrative example from a published NMA of non-diagnostic modalities for the detection of coronary artery disease in patients with low risk acute coronary syndrome. We also report a full application of the tool on a larger and more complex published network of 18 drugs from head-to-head studies for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder. Conclusions ROB-MEN is the first tool for evaluating the risk of bias due to missing evidence in network meta-analysis and applies to networks of all sizes and geometry. The use of ROB-MEN is facilitated by an R Shiny web application that produces the Pairwise Comparisons and ROB-MEN Table and is incorporated in the reporting bias domain of the CINeMA framework and software.

scholarly journals Impact of surface decontamination and systemic antimicrobials for surgical treatment of peri-implantitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Baima ◽  
Filippo Citterio ◽  
Federica Romano ◽  
Giulia Maria Mariani ◽  
Fabrizio Picollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Surface Decontamination ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Background: Efficient control of infection is essential to achieve desired outcomes in the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis lesions, although methods employed are largely heterogeneous. Purpose: To compare the impact of different decontamination protocols and adjunctive systemic antimicrobials on the outcomes of surgical treatment of peri-implantitis. Materials and methods: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on surgical treatment of peri-implantitis were selected through an electronic search on Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Central databases. Only studies comparing two or more anti-infective strategies were included. Following data extraction, two different sets of meta-analyses were performed. Firstly, overall impact of different implant surface decontamination methods was assessed by comparing baseline values with outcomes at 6-12 months. Secondly, pairwise comparisons evaluated the potential benefit of adjunctive systemic antimicrobials over placebo. Results were expressed as weighted mean effect (WME), weighed mean difference (WMD) or risk ratio (RR). Results: Sixteen RCTs were included. No pairwise comparisons were available for different surface decontamination methods. Use of curettes resulted in improved probing depth (PD) (WME = 2.13 mm), but the results in terms of marginal bone levels (MBL) and percentage of disease resolution were unsatisfactory. Moreover, the adjunctive benefit of systemic antimicrobials over placebo was evaluated in two studies, representing a total of 178 implants. The meta-analyses identified a higher disease resolution (RR = 1.50) for test procedures which approached statistical significance. In terms of overall outcome, systemic antimicrobials with open flap debridement resulted in improved MBL (WME = 0.44 mm), reduced PD (WME = 2.46 mm) and 51.4% of disease resolution. Conclusions: There is not enough evidence to support adjunctive usage of systemic antimicrobials together with the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis. Moreover, higher consistency is required to support the superiority of a surface decontamination protocol over another (PROSPERO CRD42020182303).

scholarly journals Software Defined Network for Qos Enhancement in Mobile Wi-Fi Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4863-4868 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Network Optimization ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Software Defined Network ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Network Performance Evaluation ◽  
The Impact

Wi-FI has become one of the dominant technology for direct access to the Internet due to its expanded services offering, its simplicity and its high-bandwidth provisioning that gives a capacity to support high traffic. Software-defined network (SDN) architecture simplified network management through an automatically programmed network. It provides a separation between the control plan (Controller) and the data plan (Switch) functions of the networks, this allows network optimization and fast response to network changes without the need to manually reconfigure existing infrastructure or purchase new hardware. In this paper, we have proceeded by studying the exchanges during a mobility within a WI-FI-based SDN network, then a network performance evaluation has been performed in order to analyze the impact of introducing the SDN concept on the performance of a mobile Wi-Fi network. For all proposed scenarios, we notice that the Wi-Fi-Based SDN architecture gives better results than in the case of the traditional Wi-Fi network.

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

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