The Genetic Basis of Reporter Mouse Strains

2021 ◽  
pp. 551-564
Author(s):  
Gyeong-Nam Kim ◽  
Young Hoon Sung
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Reporter Mouse

Wesley Kingston Whitten 1918 - 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Shelton ◽  
P. J. McCullagh
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproduction ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Vomeronasal Organ ◽  
X Chromosome Inactivation ◽  
Chromosome Inactivation ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Recombinant Mouse ◽  
Mammalian Pheromones

Wesley Kingston Whitten (1918?2010) was recognized as one of Australia's most innovative biological scientists. His studies were the precursor of the science of preimplantation embryology and the technology of assisted reproduction. He pioneered the study of mammalian pheromones and their receptor, the vomeronasal organ. He elucidated the genetic basis of hermaphroditism and mosaicism, and the timing and mechanism of X chromosome inactivation. Several of his recombinant mouse strains continue to provide models for a number of diseases.

scholarly journals PCR-based microsatellite analysis for differentiation and genetic monitoring of nine inbred SENCAR mouse strains

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Benavides ◽  
E. Glasscock ◽  
L. G. Coghlan ◽  
M. C. Stern ◽  
D. A. Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Sequence Length ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Dna Microsatellites ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Simple Sequence

Sixteen DNA microsatellites or simple sequence length polymorphisms (SSLPs), generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were selected for use in the genetic quality control of the nine inbred SENCAR strains currently available. The SENCAR strains constitute a powerful tool for mechanistic studies of multi-stage skin carcinogenesis, as well as for studies to understand the underlying genetic basis of resistance to tumour promotion and progression. SSLP analysis is a fast and economical way for detecting genetic contamination (unexpected outcrosses) among these closely-related albino strains, where standard immunological and biochemical markers have been shown to be insufficient.

Influence of ethanol on thermoregulation: mapping quantitative trait loci

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
LARRY I. CRAWSHAW ◽  
HELEN L. WALLACE ◽  
ROBIN CHRISTENSEN ◽  
JOHN C. CRABBE
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Core Body

The genetic basis for the effects of ethanol on thermoregulation was investigated by utilizing recombinant inbred mouse strains from C57BL/6J and DBA/2J progenitor strains. Changes in core body temperature (Tc) and the degree of fluctuation of Tc were monitored in male mice following the administration of ethanol in an environment with cyclic changes in ambient temperature (Ta). Changes in Tc were utilized to assess ethanol-induced effects on regulated Tc, whereas fluctuations in Tc were utilized to assess thermoregulatory disruption. Ethanol was administered intraperitoneally at 1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 g/kg for all strains. Change in Tc and increase in tail temperature were also evaluated at 2.5 g/kg ethanol in a constant Ta of 26°C. Associations between the measured physiological responses and previously mapped genetic markers were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs). This established probable chromosome locations for a number of genes for the responses. To our knowledge, this is the first report of QTLs that underlie changes in regulation as well as the disruption of a physiological regulatory system.

scholarly journals Dietary obesity in nine inbred mouse strains

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (6) ◽  
pp. R1025-R1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. West ◽  
C. N. Boozer ◽  
D. L. Moody ◽  
R. L. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strains ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Condensed Milk ◽  
Dietary Obesity

The effect of 7 wk consumption of a diet containing 32.6% of kilocalories as fat [condensed milk (CM) diet] on body composition and energy intake was evaluated in nine strains of inbred mice (AKR/J, C57L/J, A/J, C3H/HeJ, DBA/2J, C57BL/6J, SJL/J, I/STN, and SWR/J). Control animals were fed a high-carbohydrate diet containing 11.6% of energy as fat (Purina Rodent Chow diet). Relative to Chow diet controls, the CM diet significantly increased carcass lipid content in six strains (AKR/J, C57L/J, A/J, C3H/HeJ, DBA/2J, and C57BL/6J), but had no or a marginal effect on adiposity in three strains of mice (SJL/J, I/STN, and SWR/J). The obesity produced by the CM diet in six strains was not due to hyperphagia. Only one of six (AKR/J) of the strains that increased adiposity on the CM diet consumed more energy than controls during the 7 wk of the experiment. The identification of inbred mouse strains that are sensitive to dietary obesity, vs. others that are resistant, provides a useful tool to pursue the metabolic and genetic basis of this trait in the mouse.

The genetic basis of XX-XY differences present before gonadal sex differentiation in the mouse

1995 ◽  
Vol 350 (1333) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Developmental Difference ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosomal Genes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Advanced Development

There is now a substantial body of data showing that in eutherian mammals (mouse, rat, cow and man) XY conceptuses are developmentally more advanced (and consequently larger) than XX conceptuses of equivalent gestational age. This developmental difference is already discernible in the preimplantation period and it has been suggested that the more advanced development of XY embryos may be a consequence of the preimplantation expression of Y chromosomal genes such as Sry or Zfy . In the present paper sex-chromosomally variant mice were used to analyse the genetic basis of XX-XY differences as manifest at 10.5 days post coitum . The results show that the XX-XY difference is due to a combination of a Y chromosome effect and an effect of the difference in X chromosome constitution (2X v IX). The Y effect is not dependent on the presence of Sry . In the light of this and other studies, it is concluded that the Y chromosome of most mouse strains carries a factor which accelerates preimplantation development and that the resulting developmental advantage is carried over into the postimplantation period. The retarding effect of two X chromosomes is then superimposed on this Y effect subsequent to the blastocyst stage but prior to 9.5 days post coitum .

scholarly journals Dermal infection with vaccinia virus reveals roles for virus proteins not seen using other inoculation routes

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 1977-1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Tscharke ◽  
Patrick C. Reading ◽  
Geoffrey L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Gene Deletion ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Intradermal Injection ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Local Infection ◽  
Mouse Ear ◽  
Insertion Mutants

Previously, we developed a model for testing the virulence and immunogenicity of vaccinia virus (VV) mutants based on the intradermal injection of BALB/c mouse ear pinnae. The model is characterized by a local infection in the inoculated skin without signs of systemic illness, mimicking dermal vaccination with VV. Here a further characterization of this model is presented, including the responses of mice to infectious virus doses as low as 10 p.f.u., a quantification of the infiltrate at the site of infection and use of different virus and mouse strains. The model was then used to compare the pathogenesis of six mutants of VV strain Western Reserve (WR) lacking genes A36R, A40R, A44L, B12R, B13R or B15R with that of appropriate control viruses. All of these genes except B12R and B15R influence the outcome of dermal infection with WR and for A40R and B13R this is the first role that has been reported after infection of mammals. A comparison of new and published results from intradermal and intranasal models is presented, showing that out of 16 gene deletion or insertion mutants of VV, half have phenotypes distinct from controls in only one of these models. Thus, the intranasal and intradermal models are complementary tools for dissecting the genetic basis of VV virulence.

scholarly journals Multiple VH gene segments encode murine antistreptococcal antibodies.

1984 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Perlmutter ◽  
J L Klotz ◽  
M W Bond ◽  
M Nahm ◽  
J M Davie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Group A ◽  
Vh Gene ◽  
Flanking Region

Most mouse strains are able to mount a diverse antibody response against group A streptococcal carbohydrate (GAC). We have previously reported that murine anti-GAC antibodies are for the most part restricted to IgM and IgG3 subclasses. In addition, despite extensive heterogeneity in their isoelectric focusing patterns, greater than 50% of A/J anti-GAC antibodies share a common light chain defined by spectrotypic and idiotypic (VK1GAC) criteria. We have used protein and DNA sequencing strategies to examine the genetic basis of diversity in murine anti-GAC antibodies. In particular, we report that, (a) multiple, closely homologous VH gene segments contribute to the generation of anti-GAC antibodies, (b) a common framework sequence, related to the VK27 subgroup, probably defines VK1GAC, and (c) the A/J anti-GAC VH regions and BALB/c anti-inulin VH sequences are 95% homologous at the protein level and are likely encoded by overlapping VH gene families. Lastly, we discuss the genetic mechanisms that might permit the evolution of multiple, closely homologous germline VH gene segments in the context of highly divergent flanking region sequences.

scholarly journals AKXD recombinant inbred strains: models for studying the molecular genetic basis of murine lymphomas.

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 4236-4243 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Mucenski ◽  
B A Taylor ◽  
N A Jenkins ◽  
N G Copeland
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
B Cell Lymphomas ◽  
Molecular Genetic Basis

We analyzed the lymphoma susceptibility of 13 AKXD recombinant inbred mouse strains derived from AKR/J, a highly lymphomatous strain, and DBA/2J, a weakly lymphomatous strain. Of the 13 strains used, 12 showed a high incidence of lymphoma development. However, the average age at onset of lymphoma varied considerably among the different AKXD strains, suggesting that they have segregated several loci that affect lymphoma susceptibility. A relatively unambiguous classification of lymphomas was made possible by using histopathology in addition to detailed molecular characterization of rearrangements in immunoglobulin heavy and kappa light genes and in T-cell receptor beta-chain genes. Among the 12 highly lymphomatous strains, only 2 were identified that, like the parental AKR/J strain, died primarily of T-cell lymphomas. Three strains died primarily of B-cell lymphomas, and one strain primarily of myeloid lymphomas. Six strains were susceptible to both T-cell and B-cell lymphomas. Thus, these strains have segregated genes that affect both lymphoma susceptibility and lymphoma type and should prove to be useful models for studying the molecular genetic basis of murine lymphomas.

Activation of EGFP expression by Cre-mediated excision in a new ROSA26 reporter mouse strain

Blood ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 324-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Mao ◽  
Yuko Fujiwara ◽  
Aimée Chapdelaine ◽  
Haidi Yang ◽  
Stuart H. Orkin
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Egfp Expression ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Reporter Strain ◽  
Egfp Gene ◽  
Reporter Mouse ◽  
Functional Studies

Abstract Reporter mouse strains are important tools for monitoring Cre recombinase-mediated excision in vivo. In practice, excision may be incomplete in a given population due to threshold level or variegated expression of Cre. Hence, it is desirable in many experimental contexts to isolate cells that have undergone excision to assess the consequences of gene ablation. To generate alternative reporter mice, an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene was targeted to the retroviral-trapped ROSA26 locus. Upon Cre-mediated excision of “Stop” sequences, EGFP was expressed ubiquitously during embryogenesis and in adult tissues (including T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells). Using this new reporter strain, separation of excised from nonexcised cells in vitro was achieved in thymocytes in a noninvasive manner based on activated EGFP expression. This new EGFP reporter strain should facilitate a variety of conditional gene-targeting experiments, including the functional studies of hematopoietic cells in lineage-specific knockout mice.

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