scholarly journals Dietary obesity in nine inbred mouse strains

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (6) ◽  
pp. R1025-R1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. West ◽  
C. N. Boozer ◽  
D. L. Moody ◽  
R. L. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strains ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Condensed Milk ◽  
Dietary Obesity

The effect of 7 wk consumption of a diet containing 32.6% of kilocalories as fat [condensed milk (CM) diet] on body composition and energy intake was evaluated in nine strains of inbred mice (AKR/J, C57L/J, A/J, C3H/HeJ, DBA/2J, C57BL/6J, SJL/J, I/STN, and SWR/J). Control animals were fed a high-carbohydrate diet containing 11.6% of energy as fat (Purina Rodent Chow diet). Relative to Chow diet controls, the CM diet significantly increased carcass lipid content in six strains (AKR/J, C57L/J, A/J, C3H/HeJ, DBA/2J, and C57BL/6J), but had no or a marginal effect on adiposity in three strains of mice (SJL/J, I/STN, and SWR/J). The obesity produced by the CM diet in six strains was not due to hyperphagia. Only one of six (AKR/J) of the strains that increased adiposity on the CM diet consumed more energy than controls during the 7 wk of the experiment. The identification of inbred mouse strains that are sensitive to dietary obesity, vs. others that are resistant, provides a useful tool to pursue the metabolic and genetic basis of this trait in the mouse.

scholarly journals Strain variation in spermatozoal glycosidases in inbred mice

1978 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Self ◽  
Bryan G. Winchester ◽  
James R. Archer
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strains ◽  
Strain Variation ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Optimal Activity ◽  
Genetical Variation

SUMMARYTen glycosidases were measured in suspensions of spermatozoa from the vasa deferentia of two inbred mouse strains and their intercrosses. Eight of these glycosidases were associated with the sperm cells and all of these showed genetical variation between the strains except α-l-fucosidase with optimal activity at pH 5·4. In contrast liver enzyme activities showed no significant variation except α-l-fucosidase. Genetic studies indicated that the variation of spermatozoal β-d-hexosaminidase, α-d-mannosidase, α-l-fucosidase and β-d-galactosidase are inherited at autosomal loci and α-d-galactosidase variation shows X-linked inheritance. We propose a new provisional gene symbol (Afuc-2) for a spermatozoal variant of α-l-fucosidase.

Carbohydrate versus fat intake: differing patterns of macronutrient selection in two inbred mouse strains

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (1) ◽  
pp. R357-R362 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Smith ◽  
D. B. West ◽  
D. A. York
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Macronutrient Selection ◽  
Standard Chow Diet ◽  
Dietary Obesity ◽  
Selection Protocol ◽  
Composite Energy

As a first step toward developing a mouse model to characterize genetic factors linked to the preferential intake of dietary carbohydrate or fat, we have identified two mouse strains that exhibit distinctly different patterns of macronutrient selection. Macronutrient selection was evaluated in AKR/J and SWR/J mice, two strains that have been characterized previously for their sensitivity to high-fat dietary obesity. Mice were adapted to a self-selection protocol in which separate carbohydrate, fat, and protein sources were simultaneously available. AKR/J mice ate 30% more calories than the SWR/J mice. Furthermore, strain comparisons revealed a significantly higher proportion of fat intake by the AKR/J mice (69 vs. 28%), and in the SWR/J mice a significantly higher intake of carbohydrate (62 vs. 24%). The mice were then returned to a standard chow diet for 10 wk. These mice subsequently were allowed to self-select from two composite energy diets (carbohydrate and protein, or fat and protein). Once again, AKR/J mice selected a greater proportion of energy from the fat/protein diet (85%) than did the SWR/J strain (32%). These findings suggest a possible relationship between sensitivity to dietary obesity and fat selection.

scholarly journals In silico candidate variant and gene identification using inbred mouse strains

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11017
Author(s):  
Matthias Munz ◽  
Mohammad Khodaygani ◽  
Zouhair Aherrahrou ◽  
Hauke Busch ◽  
Inken Wohlers
Keyword(s):  
Fine Mapping ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Gene Identification ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Genotype Data ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strains ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Genome Wide

Mice are the most widely used animal model to study genotype to phenotype relationships. Inbred mice are genetically identical, which eliminates genetic heterogeneity and makes them particularly useful for genetic studies. Many different strains have been bred over decades and a vast amount of phenotypic data has been generated. In addition, recently whole genome sequencing-based genome-wide genotype data for many widely used inbred strains has been released. Here, we present an approach for in silico fine-mapping that uses genotypic data of 37 inbred mouse strains together with phenotypic data provided by the user to propose candidate variants and genes for the phenotype under study. Public genome-wide genotype data covering more than 74 million variant sites is queried efficiently in real-time to provide those variants that are compatible with the observed phenotype differences between strains. Variants can be filtered by molecular consequences and by corresponding molecular impact. Candidate gene lists can be generated from variant lists on the fly. Fine-mapping together with annotation or filtering of results is provided in a Bioconductor package called MouseFM. In order to characterize candidate variant lists under various settings, MouseFM was applied to two expression data sets across 20 inbred mouse strains, one from neutrophils and one from CD4+ T cells. Fine-mapping was assessed for about 10,000 genes, respectively, and identified candidate variants and haplotypes for many expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) reported previously based on these data. For albinism, MouseFM reports only one variant allele of moderate or high molecular impact that only albino mice share: a missense variant in the Tyr gene, reported previously to be causal for this phenotype. Performing in silico fine-mapping for interfrontal bone formation in mice using four strains with and five strains without interfrontal bone results in 12 genes. Of these, three are related to skull shaping abnormality. Finally performing fine-mapping for dystrophic cardiac calcification by comparing 9 strains showing the phenotype with eight strains lacking it, we identify only one moderate impact variant in the known causal gene Abcc6. In summary, this illustrates the benefit of using MouseFM for candidate variant and gene identification.

scholarly journals In silico candidate variant and gene identification using inbred mouse strains

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Munz ◽  
Mohammad Khodaygani ◽  
Zouhair Aherrahrou ◽  
Hauke Busch ◽  
Inken Wohlers
Keyword(s):  
Fine Mapping ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Gene Identification ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Genotype Data ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strains ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Genome Wide

ABSTRACTMice are the most widely used animal model to study genotype to phenotype relationships. Inbred mice are genetically identical, which eliminates genetic heterogeneity and makes them particularly useful for genetic studies. Many different strains have been bred over decades and a vast amount of phenotypic data has been generated. In addition, recently whole genome sequencing-based genome-wide genotype data for many widely used inbred strains has been released. Here, we present an approach for in silico fine-mapping that uses genotypic data of 37 inbred mouse strains together with phenotypic data provided by the user to propose candidate variants and genes for the phenotype under study. Public genome-wide genotype data covering more than 74 million variant sites is queried efficiently in real-time to provide those variants that are compatible with the observed phenotype differences between strains. Variants can be filtered by molecular consequences and by corresponding molecular impact. Candidate gene lists can be generated from variant lists on the fly. Fine-mapping together with annotation or filtering of results is provided in a Bioconductor package called MouseFM. In order to characterize candidate variant lists under various settings, MouseFM was applied to two expression data sets across 20 inbred mouse strains, one from neutrophils and one from CD4+ T cells. Fine-mapping was assessed for about 10,000 genes, respectively, and identified candidate variants and haplotypes for many expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) reported previously based on these data. For albinism, MouseFM reports only one variant allele of moderate or high molecular impact that only albino mice share: a missense variant in the Tyr gene, reported previously to be causal for this phenotype. Performing in silico fine-mapping for interfrontal bone formation in mice using four strains with and five strains without interfrontal bone results in 12 genes. Of these, three are related to skull shaping abnormality. Finally performing fine-mapping for dystrophic cardiac calcification by comparing 9 strains showing the phenotype with 8 strains lacking it, we identify only one moderate impact variant in the known causal gene Abcc6. In summary, this illustrates the benefit of using MouseFM for candidate variant and gene identification.

Reinstatement in Mice

1973 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-877
Author(s):  
Martin Manosevitz ◽  
Stephen W. Hurt ◽  
Floyd D. Ploeger ◽  
Robert Plomin
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Early Experience ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strains ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Electric Shocks ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Albino Strain

Three studies of the reinstatement effect using inbred mice (A/J, C57BL/6J, DBA/2J) were reported. In each study there were 4 treatment groups: early shock-reinstatement shock, early shock, reinstatement shock, and no shock. In Exp. I, 1, in Exp. II, 2, and in Exp. III, 3 inbred mouse strains were studied. In Exp. III, an albino strain was also included. Significant main effects due to strain, early experience, and reinstatement were obtained. Orthogonal comparisons generally showed that the experimental groups which received some electric shocks in early experience, reinstatement experience, or both, significantly preferred the white non-shocked side of the box. There was some evidence supporting the reinstatement principle. In future studies of this kind, special attention should be given to organismic and apparatus variables.

scholarly journals Genes Influencing Resistance to Coccidioides immitisand the Interleukin-10 Response Map to Chromosomes 4 and 6 in Mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 2916-2919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Fierer ◽  
Lorraine Walls ◽  
Fred Wright ◽  
Theo N. Kirkland
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Coccidioides Immitis ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Mice ◽  
Intraperitoneal Inoculation ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection that is endemic in the southwestern United States. Infection is more severe in blacks and Filipinos, which suggests that there is a genetic basis for susceptibility to this infection in humans. We found that there is also a difference in resistance to Coccidioides immitisinfection among inbred mouse strains: B6 mice are susceptible, while DBA/2 mice are resistant (T. N. Kirkland and J. Fierer, Infect. Immun. 40:912–916, 1983). In this paper we report the results of our efforts to map the genes responsible for resistance to this infection in mice. Mice were infected by intraperitoneal inoculation, and 15 days later the numbers of viable fungi in their lungs and spleens were enumerated. We also determined the amounts of interleukin-10 mRNA made in the infected lungs. These three phenotypes were mapped as quantitative traits by using the 26 available lines of recombinant inbred mice derived from a cross between B6 and DBA/2 mice. The best associations were those between the regions near the Lv locus on chromosome 4 and the Tnfr1 locus on chromosome 6. We then infected backcross mice [(B6 × DBA/2) × B6] and confirmed these associations; 14 of 16 (87%) mice that were heterozygous at bothLv and Tnfr1 were resistant to infection, whereas only 4 of 16 (25%) mice that were homozygous B6 at both loci were resistant. These are the first genetic loci to be associated with susceptibility to C. immitis, but there may be additional genes involved in murine resistance to this infection.

scholarly journals THE Ah PHENOTYPE. SURVEY OF FORTY-EIGHT RAT STRAINS AND TWENTY INBRED MOUSE STRAINS

Genetics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Daniel W Nebert ◽  
Nancy M Jensen ◽  
Hisashi Shinozuka ◽  
Heinz W Kunz ◽  
Thomas J Gill
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strain ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Ah Receptor ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strains ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rat Strains ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Inbred Rat

ABSTRACT Forty-four inbred and four randombred rat strains and 20 inbred mouse strains were examined for their Ah phenotype by determining the induction of liver microsomal aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase activity (EC 1.14.14.1) by intraperitoneal treatment with either β-naphthoflavone or 3-methylcholanthrene. All 48 rat strains were found to be Ah-responsive. The maximally induced hydroxylase specific activities of the ALB/Pit, MNR/Pit, MR/Pit, SHR/Pit, and Sprague-Dawley strains were of the same order of magnitude as the basal hydroxylase specific activities of the ACI/Pit, F344/Pit, OKA/Pit, and MNR/N strains. Six of the 20 mouse strains were Ah-nonresponsive (i.e. lacking the normal induction response and presumably lacking detectable amounts of the Ah receptor). The basal hydroxylase specific activities of the BDL/N, NFS/N, STAR/N, and ST/JN mouse strains were more than twice as high as the maximally induced hydroxylase specific activity of the CBA/HT strain.——To date, 24 Ah-nonresponsive mouse strains have been identified, out of a total of 68 known to have been characterized. The reasons for not finding a single Ah-nonresponsive inbred rat strain—as compared with about one Ah-nonresponsive inbred mouse strain found for every three examined—remain unknown.

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