Role of rhizobial lipo-chitin oligosaccharide signal molecules in root nodule organogenesis

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1413-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman P. Spaink ◽  
Ben J. J. Lugtenberg
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodule ◽  
Signal Molecules

scholarly journals Systems Biology and Bile Acid Signalling in Microbiome-Host Interactions in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 766
Author(s):  
David F. Woods ◽  
Stephanie Flynn ◽  
Jose A. Caparrós-Martín ◽  
Stephen M. Stick ◽  
F. Jerry Reen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Important Host ◽  
Respiratory Microbiota

The study of the respiratory microbiota has revealed that the lungs of healthy and diseased individuals harbour distinct microbial communities. Imbalances in these communities can contribute to the pathogenesis of lung disease. How these imbalances occur and establish is largely unknown. This review is focused on the genetically inherited condition of Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Understanding the microbial and host-related factors that govern the establishment of chronic CF lung inflammation and pathogen colonisation is essential. Specifically, dissecting the interplay in the inflammation–pathogen–host axis. Bile acids are important host derived and microbially modified signal molecules that have been detected in CF lungs. These bile acids are associated with inflammation and restructuring of the lung microbiota linked to chronicity. This community remodelling involves a switch in the lung microbiota from a high biodiversity/low pathogen state to a low biodiversity/pathogen-dominated state. Bile acids are particularly associated with the dominance of Proteobacterial pathogens. The ability of bile acids to impact directly on both the lung microbiota and the host response offers a unifying principle underpinning the pathogenesis of CF. The modulating role of bile acids in lung microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation could offer new potential targets for designing innovative therapeutic approaches for respiratory disease.

Rice-Barnyard Grass Allelopathic Interaction: A Role of Jasmonic Acid and Salicylic Acid

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1782-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.X. You ◽  
P. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Allelopathic Interaction

Exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) can have an important effect on rice allelopathy. Currently, the role of endogenous JA and SA on rice-barnyard grass interaction is largely unknown. In this study, the levels of JA and SA in tissues and their correlation to rice allelochemicals inducing with barnyard grass are analyzed. Rice allelochemicals production was enhanced by coexistence with barnyard grass and allelochemicals of the allelopathic variety, PI312777 were generally higher than those of non-allelopathic variety, Liaojing9. Furthermore, JA contents of two rice varieties were generally greater in roots than in shoots, and differed clearly with tested times. The SA levels of PI312777 were generally higher than those of Liaojing9 in shoots but opposite trend in roots. The contents of total allelochemicals correlated positively with SA (Pearson correlation, r = 0.91, P < 0.001). These results indicate that as the phytohormones, JA and SA play a provable role in chemical communication between rice and barnyard grass and participate in rice-barnyard grass allelopathic interaction. Future studies should determine the signal molecules in root exudates of barnyard grass and their functions.

Dryland legumes: perspectives and problems

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
D. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodule ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Pastoral Systems ◽  
Fertility Gradient

The different perspectives or concepts involved in developing legumes for dryland pastoral systems is commented on in relation to: N-fixation versus animal feed; root nodule bacteria requirements; large introduced legume flora compared with indigenous; species niche in relation to environmental gradients of moisture, temperature, fertility, and grazing; species adaptation along the decreasing fertility gradient from fine-root nutrient scavenging grasses, N-fixers, mycorrhiza, and proteoid roots; interaction of N- fixation with soil organic matter; establishment; determinants of pastures legume composition; and the possible role of allelopathy. Key words: dryland, environmental gradients, legumes, N-fixation, pasture composition

scholarly journals Roles and Clinical Applications of Exosomes in Cardiovascular Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Guo ◽  
Yuerong Xu ◽  
Jian Ding ◽  
Jiaying Dong ◽  
Ning Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Bilayer Membrane ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Bioactive Agents

Despite substantial improvements in therapeutic strategies, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles with a lipid bilayer membrane of endosomal origin, have been the focus of a large body of research in CVD. Exosomes not only serve as carriers for signal molecules responsible for intercellular and interorgan communication underlying CVD pathophysiology but also are bioactive agents which are partly responsible for the therapeutic effect of stem cell therapy of CVD. We here review recent insights gained into the role of exosomes in apoptosis, hypertrophy, angiogenesis, fibrosis, and inflammation in CVD pathophysiology and progression and the application and mechanisms of exosomes as therapeutic agents for CVD.

Role of Toll-like receptor-4 in genetic susceptibility to lung injury induced by residual oil fly ash

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Youn Cho ◽  
Anne E. Jedlicka ◽  
Robert Clarke ◽  
Steven R. Kleeberger
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Residual Oil Fly Ash ◽  
Oil Fly Ash

The mechanisms of susceptibility to particle-induced lung injury are not clearly understood. To evaluate the contribution of genetic background to pulmonary pathogenesis, we compared the lung injury responses to residual oil fly ash (ROFA) in inbred mouse strains and calculated heritability estimates. Significant interstrain (genetic) variation was observed in ROFA-induced lung inflammation and hyperpermeability phenotypes; broad-sense heritability ranged from ∼0.43 to 0.62, and the coefficient of genetic determination ranged from 0.28 to 0.45. C3H/HeJ (HeJ) mice were most resistant to the ROFA-induced injury responses. This was particularly important, as HeJ mice contain a dominant negative mutation in Toll-like receptor-4 ( Tlr4). We then characterized ROFA-induced injury and TLR4 signaling in HeJ mice and its coisogenic strain C3H/HeOuJ (OuJ; Tlr4 normal) to understand the potential role of Tlr4 in this model. ROFA-induced lung injury was significantly greater in OuJ mice compared with HeJ mice. ROFA also significantly enhanced transcript and protein levels of lung TLR4 in OuJ but not in HeJ mice. Greater activation of downstream signal molecules (i.e., MYD88, TRAF6, IRAK-1, NF-κB, MAPK, AP-1) was observed in OuJ mice than in HeJ mice before the development of ROFA-induced pulmonary injury. Putative TLR4-dependent inflammatory genes that were differentially induced by ROFA in the two strains include interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Results support an important contribution of genetic background to particle-mediated lung injury, and Tlr4 is a candidate susceptibility gene.

scholarly journals Disparate role of rhizobial ACC deaminase in root-nodule symbioses

Symbiosis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Murset ◽  
Hauke Hennecke ◽  
Gabriella Pessi
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodule ◽  
Acc Deaminase

scholarly journals TLRs, NF-κB, JNK, and Liver Regeneration

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Iimuro ◽  
Jiro Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Liver Regeneration ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
Liver Mass ◽  
Tlr Signaling ◽  
Original Size ◽  
Myeloid Differentiation Factor

While hepatocytes rarely undergo proliferation in normal livers, they quickly induce proliferation in response to loss of liver mass by toxin or inflammation-induced hepatocyte injury, trauma, or surgical resection, leading to a restoration of liver mass to its original size. Recent studies suggest that Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling participates in this regenerative response. Myeloid differentiation factor (MyD88), a common adaptor molecule in the TLR, IL-1 and IL-18 receptor signaling, plays a key role, at least, in the early phase of liver regeneration. Currently, definite ligands which bind to TLRs and initiate this process are still unclear. TLRs stimulated by their corresponding ligands, as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors (TNFRs), can activate downstream signal molecules, including transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Previous studies have revealed the important role of TNF receptor signaling, NF-κB, and JNK in liver regeneration by using hepatocyte-specific gene-modified animals. This review will summarize the current knowledge of TLR signaling and their related molecules in liver regeneration. We will also discuss whether modulating these factors may become new therapeutic strategies to promote liver regeneration in various clinical situations.

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