Effects of Douglas-fir 2+0 seedling morphology on field performance

Bareroot 2-0 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) seedlings were subjected to five undercutting treatments, which varied by number and depth of undercut and seedling phenology at time of treatment, so that morphological characteristics at lifting and field performance 4 years after planting on droughty south slopes in southwest Oregon could be evaluated. All undercutting treatments significantly reduced seedling top growth, but changes in root system morphology depended upon treatment severity and species. Treatment effects were generally more pronounced in ponderosa pine than Douglas-fir. Multivariate analysis of variance showed significant treatment effects for both species based on seedling morphology at lifting, but discriminant analyses revealed that these differences existed primarily between undercut seedlings, regardless of undercutting treatment, and controls. In Douglas-fir this separation was largely due to differences in seedling height and in ponderosa pine it was due to differences in tap root biomass. However, no treatment effects were detectable 4 years after outplanting for either species despite record high air temperatures during the first growing season, suggesting that morphological differences at lifting were probably not of sufficient magnitude to affect field performance.

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Aboveground Field Performance of Douglas-Fir Heartwood Subjected to Combinations of Glycerol, Boron, and Thermal Modification

Forest Products Journal ◽

10.13073/fpj-d-20-00058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 42-45

Author(s):

Li Yan ◽

Jed Cappallazzi ◽

Jeffrey J. Morrell

Keyword(s):

Field Performance ◽

Decay Resistance ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Thermal Modification ◽

Site Conditions ◽

Consistent Effect ◽

Wood Protection ◽

Copper Azole ◽

Better Than

Abstract The effect of pretreatment with either boron or glycerol followed by thermal modification on the durability of Douglas-fir heartwood was evaluated in an American Wood Protection Association ground proximity test in Hilo, Hawaii. Non–thermally modified samples were generally more heavily decayed than any of the modified woods, but there was no consistent effect of different thermal modification conditions on decay resistance. Thermally modified woods tended to perform better than untreated timbers but not as well as copper azole–treated Douglas-fir heartwood lumber in test at the same site. The results are discussed in relation to how the extreme site conditions might have made it difficult for thermally modified materials to perform.

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Nursery Practices Influence Seedling Morphology, Field Performance, and Cost Efficiency of Containerized Cherrybark Oak

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/28.3.152 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 152-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kirk D. Howell ◽

Timothy B. Harrington

Keyword(s):

Cost Efficiency ◽

Soil Removal ◽

Field Performance ◽

Stem Volume ◽

Seedling Morphology ◽

Quercus Pagoda ◽

Nursery Practices ◽

Stock Types ◽

And Performance ◽

A Site

Abstract To quantify effects of nursery practices on seedling cost and performance, cherrybark oaks (Quercus pagoda L.) were grown in three container sizes (170, 650, or 1,250 cm3) with or without fertilization and then planted Dec. 1995 at a site near Milledgeville, GA, with or without removal of container soil. Initial size, biomass, and leaf area of seedlings grown in medium and large containers were up to twice those grown in small containers, and they were greater with versus without fertilization. Price efficiency (stem volume divided by estimated nursery price of 1,000 seedlings) was greatest for medium and large containers with soil removed and hypothetically reused. Differences in stem diameter and height due to container size and fertilization continued to diverge through the fifth year after planting. Fifth-year yield (stem volume × proportionate survival of 1,000 planted seedlings) increased 104, 56, and 31% with increasing container size and with fertilization and soil removal, respectively. Cost efficiency (fifth-year yield divided by costs compounded 5 years at 5% interest) was greatest for medium and large containers with soil removed. Joint comparisons of nursery costs, planting costs, and field performance for different seedling stock types provide an objective approach for prioritizing cultural treatments in forestry. South. J. Appl. For. 28(3):152–162.

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Early Development of Three Douglas-Fir Stocktypes on a Droughty Skeletal Soil

Western Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/wjaf/4.1.21 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 21-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Stephen D. Hobbs ◽

Michael S. Crawford ◽

Beverly A. Yelczyn

Keyword(s):

Surface Soil ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Field Performance ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Root Characteristics ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Seedling Root ◽

Absolute Growth ◽

Southwest Oregon ◽

Better Than

Abstract Three stocktypes of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) were planted in a droughty, skeletal soil in southwest Oregon. After 5 years, container-grown plugs and plug-1 transplants survived significantly better than 2-0 bareroots. Seedling root systems were largely confined to the surface soil, with relatively little development upslope or deeper than 15 cm. Stocktype morphology differed significantly at planting. However, annual absolute growth, annual relative growth, and shoot and root characteristics did not differ significantly after 5 years. These results suggest that, on similar sites, seedling morphological characteristics within the range of those measured in this study may not affect growth and that stocktype designation along may not be adequate for predicting field performance. West. J. Appl. For. 4(1):21-24, January 1989.

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Short-day treatment alters Douglas-fir seedling dehardening and transplant root proliferation at varying rhizosphere temperatures

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x08-020 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 1526-1535 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Douglass F. Jacobs ◽

Anthony S. Davis ◽

Barrett C. Wilson ◽

R. Kasten Dumroese ◽

Rosa C. Goodman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Cold Hardiness ◽

Day Treatment ◽

Field Performance ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Day Length ◽

Root Production ◽

Root Proliferation ◽

Cold Temperatures ◽

Short Day

We tested effects of shortened day length during nursery culture on Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedling development at dormancy release. Seedlings from a 42°N source were grown either under ambient photoperiods (long-day (LD)) or with a 28 day period of 9 h light : 15 h dark photoperiods (short-day (SD)). Seedlings were periodically removed from freezer storage from January to May. Sensitivity of plant tissues to cold temperatures was investigated via electrolyte leakage at nine test temperatures ranging from 2 to –40 °C. New root growth was assessed with rhizosphere temperatures of 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C. From 2 to –13 °C, there was no difference between treatments in cold hardiness. However, at or below –18 °C, LD seedlings exhibited higher indices of damage than SD seedlings. The LT50 (temperature at which 50% cell electrolyte leakage occurred) was consistently lower for SD than LD seedlings. Rhizosphere temperature differentially influenced new root proliferation: LD seedlings had greater new root production than SD seedlings at 20 °C, whereas the opposite response was detected at 10 °C. Our results confirm photoperiod sensitivity of Douglas-fir sources from relatively low (i.e., <45°N) latitudes. Increased spring cold hardiness and greater rooting at lower rhizosphere temperatures may improve field performance potential of SD-treated seedlings.

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Carbon and nitrogen allocation patterns of Douglas-fir seedlings fertilized with nitrogen in autumn. II. Field performance

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x86-161 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 903-909 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

H. A. Margolis ◽

R. H. Waring

Keyword(s):

Free Amino ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Field Performance ◽

Growing Season ◽

Frost Damage ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Summer Drought ◽

Tree Roots ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Relative Growth Rates

October-fertilized and unfertilized 2-0 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were outplanted the following February. Half of each planting block was seeded with grass to induce water stress during the typical summer drought. Sucrose was applied to soil around each seedling to limit availability of nitrogen to tree roots. Fertilized seedlings broke bud 9–10 days earlier, produced more shoot growth, and, as shown in later harvests, had higher relative growth rates than unfertilized seedlings. However, initial differences in growth response were due primarily to the earlier budbreak. Seedlings growing with grass had predawn water potentials of −1.5 MPa by early August; by September 3, unfertilized seedlings growing with grass were significantly more stressed than any others. Although free amino acid and total nitrogen concentrations were higher in fertilized than unfertilized seedlings when planted, they became equal by the end of one growing season. However, fertilized seedlings contained more free amino acids and nitrogen because of their greater size. Grass competition affected both seedling nitrogen and carbohydrate chemistry. After one growing season, fertilized seedlings had greater height increment, shoot growth, leaf area, relative growth rate, and production per unit nitrogen. Although autumn fertilization benefited these Douglas-fir seedlings, negative effects could result from carbohydrate depletion because of increased respiration or from frost damage because of earlier budbreak.

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Frost hardiness, root growth capacity, and field performance relationships in interior spruce, lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir, and western hemlock seedlings

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x90-073 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 566-572 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

David G. Simpson

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Lodgepole Pine ◽

Field Performance ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Frost Hardiness ◽

Western Hemlock ◽

Growth Capacity ◽

Root Growth Capacity ◽

Forest Sites ◽

Interior Spruce

Interior spruce (Piceaglaucaengelmannii complex), lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), and western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) were grown from seed for 20 weeks in containers, with 18-h photoperiods. Fortnightly, over a 12-week acclimation period (September 7 – December 1) outdoors at Vernon, B.C., samples were taken for (i) foliage frost hardiness measurement, (ii) poststorage root growth capacity, and (iii) outplanting on forest sites. In all species, frost hardiness and root growth capacity increased with weeks of acclimation. Frost hardiness and root growth capacity were correlated with each other in western hemlock, lodgepole pine, and Douglas-fir, and with field performance (survival or growth) in interior spruce, lodgepole pine, and Douglas-fir.

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The effect of wrenching on morphology and field performance of Douglas fir and loblolly pine seedlings

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x76-061 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 453-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Yasuomi Tanaka ◽

J. D. Walstad ◽

J. E. Borrecco

Keyword(s):

Loblolly Pine ◽

Lateral Roots ◽

Field Performance ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Percentage Points ◽

Pine Seedlings ◽

Nursery Stock ◽

Second Year

Second-year Douglas fir and 1st-year loblolly pine nursery stock were undercut and wrenched while actively growing in nursery beds. Their morphology and field performance were compared with Douglas fir seedlings that had been undercut only and with loblolly pine seedlings that had been left intact.The treatment produced shorter, thinner-stemmed loblolly pine seedlings with reduced shoot dry weight. Height, diameter, and shoot dry weight of Douglas fir seedlings were virtually unaffected, but root dry weight was increased substantially. Development of fibrous lateral roots was stimulated in both species. As a consequence, shoot–root ratios were considerably improved, and the seedlings were better conditioned to withstand outplanting. On droughty sites, field survival of Douglas fir was increased by 20 percentage points and loblolly pine by 30 percentage points. Wrenching also extended by several weeks the fall and spring planting periods for loblolly pine and the fall planting period for Douglas fir.

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