An autoradiography study of myogenic cell movement in avian limb buds following heterospecific and homospecific transplantation

K.K.H. Lee; D.A. Ede

doi:10.1007/bf00186461

Myogenic cell movement in the developing avian limb bud in presence and absence of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER)

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.80.1.105 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 105-125

Author(s):

Madeleine Gumpel-Pinot ◽

D. A. Ede ◽

O. P. Flint

Keyword(s):

Cell Migration ◽

Cell Movement ◽

Host Tissue ◽

Apical Ectodermal Ridge ◽

Limb Bud ◽

Myogenic Cell ◽

Myogenic Cells ◽

Apical Direction ◽

Wing Bud ◽

Presence And Absence

Fragments of quail wing bud containing myogenic cells of somitic origin and fragments of quail sphlanchopleural tissue were introduced into the interior of the wing bud of fowl embryo hosts. No movement of graft into host tissue occurred in the control, but myogenic cells from the quail wing bud fragments underwent long migrations in an apical direction to become incorporated in the developing musculature of the host. When the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), together with some subridge mesenchyme, was removed at the time of grafting, no such cell migration occurred. The capacity of grafted myogenic cells to migrate in the presence of AER persists to H.H. stage 25, when myogenesis has begun, but premyogenic cells in the somites, which normally migrate out into the early limb bud, do not migrate when somite fragments are grafted into the wing bud. Coelomic grafts of apical and proximal wing fragments showed that apical sections of quail wing buds become invaded by myogenic cells of the host, but grafts from proximal wing bud regions do not.

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The Concept of a Myogenic Cell Line in Developing Avian Limb Buds

Teratology of the limbs ◽

10.1515/9783110861082-011 ◽

1980 ◽

pp. 79-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Madeleine Kieny

Keyword(s):

Cell Line ◽

Myogenic Cell ◽

Limb Buds

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Myogenic cell migration from somites is induced by tissue contact with medial region of the presumptive limb mesoderm in chick embryos

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.121.3.661 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 121 (3) ◽

pp. 661-669 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

K. Hayashi ◽

E. Ozawa

Keyword(s):

Cell Migration ◽

Myosin Heavy Chain ◽

Heavy Chain ◽

Flank Region ◽

Myogenic Cell ◽

Chick Embryos ◽

Medial Region ◽

Myogenic Cells ◽

Limb Buds ◽

Lateral Region

It is known that myogenic cells in limb buds are derived from somites. In order to examine the potential of the limb primordium (presumptive limb somatopleure) to induce myogenic cell migration, we transplanted chick presumptive limb somatopleure to the flank region of an embryo, a region that does not normally contribute myogenic cells to the limb. Somitic cell migration was examined using a vital labeling technique. When the presumptive limb somatopleure was transplanted and was in contact with the host flank somite, somitic-cell migration toward the graft was observed. The labeled somitic cells within the graft were identified as myogenic cells in two ways: first, we found that N-cadherin-expressing cells appeared in the graft. Second, after 3 further days of incubation, the somitic cells formed dorsal and ventral masses and expressed sarcomeric myosin heavy chain within the graft. Cell migration occurred only when the somite was in contact with the medial region of the presumptive limb somatopleure. When the somite was not in contact with the limb somatopleure, or when the somite was in contact with the lateral region of the limb somatopleure, migration did not occur. These observations indicate that the potential to induce myogenic cell migration is restricted to the medial region of the presumptive limb somatopleure and that tissue contact is required.

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A study on skeletal myogenic cell movement in the developing avian limb bud

Anatomy and Embryology ◽

10.1007/bf00315887 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 180 (3) ◽

pp. 293-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

K. K. H. Lee ◽

D. A. Ede

Keyword(s):

Cell Movement ◽

Limb Bud ◽

Myogenic Cell

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Correlated Studies of Cellular Interactions Using TEM, Freeze Etching, and SEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010005161x ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 320-321

Author(s):

J. P. Revel

Keyword(s):

Developmental Stages ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cell Movement ◽

Cellular Interactions ◽

Serial Sections ◽

Cell Sheets ◽

Freeze Etching ◽

Early Developmental

Movement of individual cells or of cell sheets and complex patterns of folding play a prominent role in the early developmental stages of the embryo. Our understanding of these processes is based on three- dimensional reconstructions laboriously prepared from serial sections, and from autoradiographic and other studies. Many concepts have also evolved from extrapolation of investigations of cell movement carried out in vitro. The scanning electron microscope now allows us to examine some of these events in situ. It is possible to prepare dissections of embryos and even of tissues of adult animals which reveal existing relationships between various structures more readily than used to be possible vithout an SEM.

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Quantitative Freeze Fracture Studies of Gap Junctions in Somatic Cell Hybrids, Their Parents, and Revertants

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010009107x ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 218-219

Author(s):

W. J. Larsen ◽

R. Azarnia ◽

W. R. Loewenstein

Keyword(s):

Gap Junctions ◽

Striated Muscle ◽

Freeze Fracture ◽

Cell Movement ◽

Dye Molecules ◽

Somatic Cell Hybrids ◽

Cell Coupling ◽

Normal Cells ◽

Mediate Cell ◽

Almost All

Although the physiological significance of the gap junction remains unspecified, these membrane specializations are now recognized as common to almost all normal cells (excluding adult striated muscle and some nerve cells) and are found in organisms ranging from the coelenterates to man. Since it appears likely that these structures mediate the cell-to-cell movement of ions and small dye molecules in some electrical tissues, we undertook this study with the objective of determining whether gap junctions in inexcitable tissues also mediate cell-to-cell coupling.To test this hypothesis, a coupling, human Lesh-Nyhan (LN) cell was fused with a non-coupling, mouse cl-1D cell, and the hybrids, revertants, and parental cells were analysed for coupling with respect both to ions and fluorescein and for membrane junctions with the freeze fracture technique.

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Morphogenetic machines revealed: Microscopy of living cells in the embryo of the frog, Xenopus laevis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100146709 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 172-173

Author(s):

Ray Keller

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Fluorescent Dyes ◽

Cell Movement ◽

Living Cells ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

Low Light ◽

Amphibian Embryo ◽

Large Populations ◽

Light Fluorescence ◽

Video Image Processing

The amphibian embryo offers advantages of size, availability, and ease of use with both microsurgical and molecular methods in the analysis of fundamental developmental and cell biological problems. However, conventional wisdom holds that the opacity of this embryo limits the use of methods in optical microscopy to resolve the cell motility underlying the major shape-generating processes in early development.These difficulties have been circumvented by refining and adapting several methods. First, methods of explanting and culturing tissues were developed that expose the deep, nonepithelial cells, as well as the superficial epithelial cells, to the view of the microscope. Second, low angle epi-illumination with video image processing and recording was used to follow patterns of cell movement in large populations of cells. Lastly, cells were labeled with vital, fluorescent dyes, and their behavior recorded, using low-light, fluorescence microscopy and image processing. Using these methods, the details of the cellular protrusive activity that drives the powerful convergence (narrowing)

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HVEM Analysis of Microfilament Patterns in The Margins of Tissue Cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s1431927600003512 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 808-811

Author(s):

Carol Allen

Keyword(s):

Cell Movement ◽

Cell Spreading ◽

Living Cells ◽

Tissue Cell ◽

Large Sample Size ◽

Cell Periphery ◽

Whole Cell ◽

Critical Point Drying ◽

Lamellar Region ◽

Tissue Cells

When provided with a suitable solid substrate, tissue cells undergo a rapid conversion from the spherical form expressed in suspension culture to a characteristic flattened morphology. As a result of this conversion, called cell spreading, the cell nucleus and organelles come to occupy a central region of “deep cytoplasm” which slopes steeply into a peripheral “lamellar” region less than 1 pm thick at its outer edge and generally free of cell organelles. Cell spreading is accomplished by a continuous outward repositioning of the lamellar margins. Cell translocation on the substrate results when the activity of the lamellae on one side of the cell become dominant. When this occurs, the cell is “polarized” and moves in the direction of the “leading lamellae”. Careful analysis of tissue cell locomotion by time-lapse microphotography (1) has shown that the deformational movements of the leading lamellae occur in a repeating cycle of advance and retreat in the direction of cell movement and that the rate of such deformations are positively correlated with the speed of cell movement. In the present study, the physical basis for these movements of the cell margin has been examined by comparative light microscopy of living cells with whole-mount electron microscopy of fixed cells. Ultrastructural observations were made on tissue cells grown on Formvar-coated grids, fixed with glutaraldehyde, further processed by critical-point drying, and then photographed in the High Voltage Electron Microscope. This processing and imaging system maintains the 3-dimensional organization of the whole cell, the relationship of the cell to the substrate, and affords a large sample size which facilitates quantitative analysis. Comparative analysis of film records of living cells with the whole-cell micrographs revealed that specific patterns of microfilament organization consistently accompany recognizable stages of lamellar formation and movement. The margins of spreading cells and the leading lamellae of locomoting cells showed a similar pattern of MF repositionings (Figs. 1-4). These results will be discussed in terms of a working model for the mechanics of lamellar motility which includes the following major features: (a) lamellar protrusion results when an intracellular force is exerted at a locally weak area of the cell periphery; (b) the association of cortical MFs with one another determines the local resistance to this force; (c) where MF-to-MF association is weak, the cell periphery expands and some cortical MFs are dragged passively forward; (d) contact of the expanded area with the substrate then triggers the lateral association and reorientation of these cortical MFs into MF bundles parallel to the direction of the expansion; and (e) an active interaction between these MF bundles associated with the cortex of the expanded lamellae and the cortical MFs which remained in the sub-lamellar region then pulls the latter MFs forward toward the expanded area. Thus, the advance of the cell periphery on the substrate occurs in two stages: a passive phase in which some cortical MFs are dragged outward by the force acting to expand the cell periphery, and an active phase in which additional cortical MFs are pulled forward by interaction with the first set. Subsequent interactions between peripheral microfilament bundles and filaments in the deeper cytoplasm could then transmit the advance gained by lamellar expansion to the bulk of the cytoplasm.

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