The early postnatal development of the primary immune response in rat popliteal lymph node, stimulated with thymus-independent type-1 and type-2 antigens

1987 ◽  
Vol 250 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. van Rees ◽  
C. D. Dijkstra ◽  
N. van Rooijen
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Popliteal Lymph Node ◽  
Primary Immune Response ◽  
Early Postnatal Development

Impaired Primary Immune Response in Type-1 Diabetes: Results from a Controlled Vaccination Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Eibl ◽  
Martin Spatz ◽  
Gottfried F. Fischer ◽  
Wolfgang R. Mayr ◽  
Aysen Samstag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Primary Immune Response

Endocrine autoimmunity

2011 ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Simmonds ◽  
Stephen C. L. Gough
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Self Tolerance ◽  
Autoimmune Attack ◽  
Endocrine Organs

Dysfunction within the endocrine system can lead to a variety of diseases with autoimmune attack against individual components being some of the most common. Endocrine autoimmunity encompasses a spectrum of disorders including, e.g., common disorders such as type 1 diabetes, Graves’ disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and rarer disorders including Addison’s disease and the autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes type 1 (APS 1) and type 2 (APS 2) (see Table 1.6.1). Autoimmune attack within each of these diseases although aimed at different endocrine organs is caused by a breakdown in the immune system’s ability to distinguish between self and nonself antigens, leading to an immune response targeted at self tissues. Investigating the mechanisms behind this breakdown is vital to understand what has gone wrong and to determine the pathways against which therapeutics can be targeted. Before discussing how self-tolerance fails, we first have to understand how the immune system achieves self-tolerance.

scholarly journals The Innate Immune Responses of Colonic Epithelial Cells to Trichuris muris Are Similar in Mouse Strains That Develop a Type 1 or Type 2 Adaptive Immune Response

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 6280-6286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. deSchoolmeester ◽  
Harinder Manku ◽  
Kathryn J. Else
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Trichuris Muris ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT Trichuris muris resides in intimate contact with its host, burrowing within cecal epithelial cells. However, whether the enterocyte itself responds innately to T. muris is unknown. This study investigated for the first time whether colonic intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) produce cytokines or chemokines following T. muris infection and whether divergence of the innate response could explain differentially polarized adaptive immune responses in resistant and susceptible mice. Increased expression of mRNA for the proinflammatory cytokines gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor and the chemokine CCL2 (MCP-1) were seen after infection of susceptible and resistant strains, with the only difference in expression being a delayed increase in CCL2 in BALB/c IEC. These increases were ablated in MyD88−/− mice, and NF-κB p65 was phosphorylated in response to T. muris excretory/secretory products in the epithelial cell line CMT-93, suggesting involvement of the MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway in IEC cytokine expression. These data reveal that IEC respond innately to T. muris. However, the minor differences identified between resistant and susceptible mice are unlikely to underlie the subsequent development of a susceptible type 1 (IFN-γ-dominated) or resistant type 2 (interleukin-4 [IL-4]/IL-13-dominated) adaptive immune response.

scholarly journals Dendritic cells recruited to the lung shortly after intranasal delivery of Mycobacterium bovis BCG drive the primary immune response towards a type 1 cytokine production

Immunology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheline Lagranderie ◽  
Marie-Anne Nahori ◽  
Anne-Marie Balazuc ◽  
Helene Kiefer-Biasizzo ◽  
Jose-Roberto Lapa E Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Primary Immune Response ◽  
Intranasal Delivery ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis Bcg ◽  
Type 1 Cytokine

scholarly journals COVID-19-vaccination in patients receiving allergen immunotherapy (AIT) or biologics - EAACI recommendations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Jutel ◽  
María José Torres ◽  
Oscar Palomares ◽  
Cezmi Akdis ◽  
Thomas Eiwegger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Allergen Immunotherapy ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
European Academy ◽  
Type 3

Immune modulation is a key therapeutic tool for allergic diseases and asthma. It can be achieved in an antigen-specific way via allergen immunotherapy (AIT) or in endotype-driven approach using biologicals that target the major pathways of the type 2 (T2) immune response: IgE, IL-5 and IL-4/IL-13. COVID-19 vaccine provides an excellent opportunity to tackle the global pandemics and is currently being applied in an accelerated rhythm worldwide. It works as well through immune modulation. Thus, as there is an obvious interference between these treatment modalities recommendations on how they should be applied in sequence are expected. The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) gathered an outstanding expert panel under its Research and Outreach Committee (ROC). This expert panel was called to evaluate the evidence and formulate recommendation on the administration of COVID-19 vaccine in patients with allergic diseases and asthma receiving AIT or biologicals. The panel also formulated recommendations for COVID-19 vaccine in association with biologicals targeting the type 1 or type 3 immune response. In formulating recommendations, the panel evaluated the mechanisms of COVID-19 infection, of COVID-19 vaccine, of AIT and of biologicals and considered the data published for other anti-infectious vaccines administered concurrently with AIT or biologicals.

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