Heritability estimates and maternal effects on tarsus length in pied flycatchers, Ficedula hypoleuca

Oecologia ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Potti ◽  
Santiago Merino
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Ficedula Hypoleuca ◽  
Tarsus Length ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Genetic parameters of growth in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, prior to maturation

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. McKay ◽  
P. E. Ihssen ◽  
G. W. Friars
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Heritability Estimates

The relative magnitude of additive genetic effects, nonadditive genetic effects, maternal effects, and common environmental effects was determined for size, growth, and condition factor in rainbow trout of various ages, from the egg to the yearling stage, using a factorial mating system. Heritability estimates for length and weight ranged from 0.09 to 0.32, except for dried egg weight, where no additive genetic variation was detected. Condition factors were more heritable than size, with heritability estimates ranging from 0.24 to 0.46. Maternal effects were only important for dried egg weight and early fry size, and decreased rapidly with age as heritability increased. Egg weight, fry size, and fry condition factors were influenced by common environmental effects and (or) nonadditive genetic effects, but confounding of these sources of variation prevented exact estimation of their relative magnitude. Nonadditive genetic effects were completely absent for yearling size but were present for yearling condition factors. Individual or between-family selection on size should produce some response unless selection is done on very young fry or families are housed separately. For very young fry or where families are not replicated across tanks, within-family selection will be necessary to identify genetically superior fish, because of strong maternal or common environmental effects. Genetic correlations between size or condition factors measured at different ages were all positive, so selection at one stage should improve size or condition factor at another.Key words: rainbow trout, growth, heritability, maternal effects, genetics.

Genetic variability in time to germination of sugar-beet clusters

1971 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Battle ◽  
W. J. Whittington
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Wild Form ◽  
Maternal Parent ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Heritability Estimates

SUMMARYAn analysis of germination characteristics of progeny from a diallel cross between five sugar-beet plants showed that the genotype of the maternal parent controlled to a marked extent the behaviour of the progeny. This may be related to the presence in the fruits of inhibitory substances.Some evidence was found for genie and maternal interactions but these were always of less importance than the maternal effects. Heritability estimates from parent, off spring regression and analysis of half-sib family variances demonstrated that genetic variation for germination characteristics had not been eliminated during the improvement of sugar beet from the wild form.

Estimates of genetic parameters for growth and skeletal measurements in Thai swamp buffalo

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-406
Author(s):  
K. Meyer ◽  
H. -U. Graser ◽  
A. Na-Chiangmai
Keyword(s):  
Total Variation ◽  
Genetic Association ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
Swamp Buffalo ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

AbstractEstimates of genetic parameters were obtained for weight, hip height, heart girth and shoulder to pin length measurements on Thai swamp buffalo, recorded at birth and weaning. Direct heritability estimates were 0·26 for weights at both ages and were low for skeletal measurements, ranging from 0·11 to 0·19. Low values could, in part at least, be caused by inaccuracies in recording. All traits were subject to maternal effects, permanent environmental maternal effects on traits recorded at weaning explaining proportionately up to 0·14 of the total variation. Estimates of genetic (direct and maternal) and permanent environmental correlations between traits recorded at the same time were high throughout, ranging from 0·83 to 0·97 for additive genetic effects and being close to unity otherwise. Except for heart girth measured at weaning, there appeared to be comparatively little genetic association between traits recorded at different times, direct additive correlation estimates ranging from 0·18 to 0·55 in contrast to estimates of 0·38 to 0·65 for correlations with heart girth at weaning.

PSXI-9 Heterotic and breed effects in crossbred lambs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 248-248
Author(s):  
Napoleon Vargas Jurado ◽  
Bret Taylor ◽  
David R Notter ◽  
Daniel Brown ◽  
Ronald M Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Evaluation ◽  
Multiple Trait ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Covariance Components ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Maternal Heritability ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Given its benefits on animal performance, crossbreeding is common commercially. Genetic evaluation of sheep in the U.S. is performed within breed type (terminal, maternal wool, range, hair). While incorporating crossbred records may improve assessment of purebreds, it requires accounting for heterotic and breed effects in the evaluation. The objectives were to i) determine the generalized effects of direct and maternal heterosis on growth traits of crossbred lambs, and ii) estimate covariance components for direct and maternal additive, and uncorrelated maternal environmental, effects among those traits. Data included body weights (BW) at birth (BN; n = 14395), pre-weaning (WN; n = 9298), weaning (WW; n = 9230), and post-weaning (PW; n = 1593). Mean (SD) BW were 5.3 (1.1), 22.2 (8.7), 39.1 (7.2), and 54.2 (8.7) kg for BN, WN, WW, and PW, respectively. Estimates of heterotic effects and covariance components were obtained using a multiple trait animal model. Genetic effects based on founders’ breeds were included, being significant. Estimates of direct heterosis were 3.04 ± 0.61, 2.62 ± 0.64, 3.99 ± 0.54, and 5.97 ± 0.86%, and estimates of maternal heterosis were 1.86 ± 0.87, 4.42 ± 0.79, 3.69 ± 0.66, and 3.77 ± 0.90%, for BN, WN, WW, and PW, respectively. Direct heritability estimates were 0.17 ± 0.02, 0.13 ± 0.02, 0.18 ± 0.02, and 0.47 ± 0.04 for BN, WN, WW, and PW, respectively. Additive maternal effects defined trivial variation in PW. For BN, WN, and WW, respectively, maternal heritability estimates were 0.17 ± 0.02, 0.10 ± 0.02, and 0.07 ± 0.02. Uncorrelated maternal effects defined little variation in any trait. Direct and maternal heterosis had considerable impact on growth traits, emphasizing the value of crossbreeding and the need to account for heterosis, in addition to breed effects, if crossbred lamb information is included in genetic evaluation.

scholarly journals Estimates of (co)variance components and genetic parameters for growth traits in Suffolk lambs

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2215-2220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Regina Tamioso ◽  
Jaime Luiz Alberti Filho ◽  
Laila Talarico Dias ◽  
Rodrigo de Almeida Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Additive Genetic Effect ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Estimate Heritability ◽  
Heritability Estimates

The study aimed to estimate the components of (co)variance and heritability for weights at birth (BW), weaning (WW) and 180 days of age (W180), as well as the average daily gains from birth to weaning (ADG1), birth to 180 days of age (ADG2) and weaning to 180 days of age (ADG3) in Suffolk sheep. Thus, three different single-trait animal models were fitted, considering the direct additive genetic effect (Model 1), the direct additive genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects (Model 2), and in Model 3, in addition to those in Model 2, the maternal additive genetic effect was included. After comparing models through the likelihood ratio test (LRT), model 3 was chosen as the most appropriate to estimate heritability for BW, WW and ADG1. Model 2 was considered as the best to estimate the coefficient of heritability for W180 and ADG2, and model 1 for ADG3. Direct heritability estimates were inflated when maternal effects were ignored. According to the most suitable models, the heritability estimates for BW, WW, W180, ADG1, ADG2 and ADG3 were 0.06, 0.08, 0.09, 0.07, 0.08 and 0.07, respectively, indicating low possibility of genetic gain through individual selection. The results show the importance of including maternal effects in the models to properly estimate genetic parameters even at post-weaning ages.

scholarly journals Maternal genetic effects on body weight and breast morphological traits in duck population under selection

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 600-608
Author(s):  
T. Szwaczkowski ◽  
M. Grzech ◽  
A. Borowska ◽  
E. Wencek ◽  
A. Wolc
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Additive Genetic Model ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Crest Length

Abstract. Direct and maternal additive genetic and mitochondrial variances of duck meat performance traits were estimated using AI-REML algorithm. Records of 3 099 (5 010 pedigreed birds) from six consecutive generations were included. The following four traits were investigated: body weight at 3rd week, body weight at 7th week, sternum crest length at 7th week (in cm), and breast muscles thickness at 7th week (in cm). The data were analysed via three single trait linear animal models: I – additive genetic model, II – model extended to additive maternal effects; III– as model II with mitochondrial effects as random. Adequacy of the models was examined by Akaike´s information criterion (AIC). Relatively high direct additive heritability estimates were obtained for body weight at 3rd week (0.4326–0.4546) and body weight at 7th week (0.5322–0.6088) whereas lower estimates were obtained for sternum crest length (0.1756–0.2744) and breast muscles thickness (0.1369–0.2932). The maternal heritabilities were moderate and also considerably depended on the model used. For all of the studied traits a negative covariance between direct and maternal genetic effects was found. Mitochondrial heritabilities were very low. Generally, on the basis of criteria employed, the model III can be suggested for analysis of body weight whereas for other traits model II seems to be suitable.

Extra-Pair Paternity and Heritability Estimates of Tarsus Length in Pied and Collared Flycatchers

Oikos ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rauno V. Alatalo ◽  
Lars Gustafsson ◽  
Arne Lundberg
Keyword(s):  
Tarsus Length ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Abstract MP59: Revisiting Heritability Accounting For Common Environmental Effects And Maternal Inheritance

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyu Liu ◽  
Josée Dupuis ◽  
Martin G Larson ◽  
L. Adrienne Cupples ◽  
Jose M M Ordovas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
Mitochondrial Inheritance ◽  
Pedigree Data ◽  
Extended Pedigrees ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Average Gene

Background: Heritability measures the proportion of phenotypic variation attributable to genetic factors. Reliable heritability estimates are used to determine the necessary sample size and power for subsequent genetic studies of susceptibility genes. In addition to a shared nuclear genetic component, common environmental factors and maternal or mitochondrial inheritance may have strong effects on some phenotypes. Failure to account for necessary variance components may give rise to biased heritability estimates. Aims: Our primary goal was to investigate how heritability estimates are biased in the presence of common environmental or/and maternal effects. The second goal was to estimate mitochondrial inheritance for a number of common phenotypes. Methods: We employed variance component methods to account for additional variance components using both simulated and Framingham Heart Study (FHS) pedigree data to revisit heritability estimates in the presence of common environmental and maternal effects. Results: Using both simulated families and actual FHS extended pedigrees, we demonstrated that heritability is greatly overestimated when key variance components are not properly accounted for. The inflation in heritability ranged from 9% to 214% across several anthropometric, metabolic and life-style phenotypes when we compared models that consider correct variance components and simple models that only consider familial relationships (Table 1). Maternal inheritance was observed in most phenotypes investigated. The estimated maternal inheritance ranged from ~1 to 5%, which is considerable because the mitochondrial genome is about the size of an average gene. Conclusion/Discussion: We systematically investigated the influence of common environmental effects and maternal inheritance in heritability estimates using extended pedigrees. Our findings may explain, in part, the missing heritability for some traits and may facilitate further collaborations in the genetic study of mitochondrial DNA in disease susceptibility for common phenotypes.

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