Effects of partial destruction of the suprachiasmatic nuclei on two circadian parameters: wheel-running activity and short-day induced testicular regression

1985 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E. Pickard ◽  
Fred W. Turek
Keyword(s):  
Wheel Running ◽  
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Testicular Regression ◽  
Wheel Running Activity ◽  
Partial Destruction

Inhibition of hibernation by exercise is not affected by intergeniculate leaflets lesion in hamsters

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (3) ◽  
pp. R690-R700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme S. Menet ◽  
Patrick Vuillez ◽  
Michel Saboureau ◽  
Paul Pévet
Keyword(s):  
Wheel Running ◽  
Length Change ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
Testicular Regression ◽  
Wheel Running Activity

The circadian clock of mammals, located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus, has been demonstrated to integrate day length change from long (LP) to short photoperiod (SP). This photoperiodic change induces in Syrian hamsters a testicular regression through melatonin action, a phenomenon that is inhibited when hamsters have free access to a wheel. The intergeniculate leaflets (IGL), which modulate the integration of photoperiod by the SCN, are a key structure in the circadian system, conveying nonphotic information such as those induced by novelty-induced wheel running activity. We tested in hamsters transferred from LP to a cold SP the effects of wheel running activity on a photoperiod-dependent behavior, hibernation. Lesions of the IGL were done to test the role of this structure in the inhibition induced by exercise of photoperiod integration by the clock. We show that wheel running activity actually inhibits hibernation not only in sham-operated animals, but also in hamsters with a bilateral IGL lesion (IGLX). In contrast, IGL-X hamsters without a wheel integrate slower to the SP but hibernate earlier compared with sham-operated animals. Moreover, some hibernation characteristics are affected by IGL lesion. Throughout the experiment at 7°C, IGL-X hamsters were in hypothermia during 18% of the experiment vs. 32% for sham-operated hamsters. Taken together, these data show that the IGL play a modulatory role in the integration of photoperiodic cues and modulate hibernation, but they are not implicated in the inhibition of hibernation induced by wheel running activity.

scholarly journals Conflicting effects of exercise on the establishment of a short-photoperiod phenotype in Syrian hamster

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (1) ◽  
pp. R234-R242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome S. Menet ◽  
Patrick Vuillez ◽  
Daniel Bonn ◽  
Aurore Senser ◽  
Paul Pévet
Keyword(s):  
Syrian Hamster ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
Inhibitory Response ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Testicular Regression ◽  
Wheel Running Activity

In the Syrian hamster, winter seasonal inhibition of reproduction occurs in response to decreasing day length. This inhibitory response is modulated by nonphotic cues. In particular, access to a running wheel has been shown to produce incomplete gonadal regression. The present study sought to determine whether this occurs as a consequence of wheel effect on adaptation of the circadian system to short days or whether downstream physiological responses are involved. Short-day adaptation of the circadian clock, which is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, was tested by lengthening the photosensitive phase of the SCN (assayed by light-induced c-Fos expression in the SCN) as a parameter. We found that wheel-running activity does not inhibit the integration of the photoperiodic change by the SCN even if complete testicular regression is prevented. Moreover, this exercise was even capable of accelerating the lengthening of the photosensitive phase after the transfer to short day length. Thus, although wheel-running activity inhibits the short photoperiod-induced gonadal regression, it acts on the SCN to accelerate the integration of the photoperiodic change by the biological clock.

Number of Arginine-Vasopressin Neurons in the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei Is Not Related to Level or Circadian Characteristics of Wheel-Running Activity in House Mice

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly J. Hochstetler ◽  
Theodore Garland Jr. ◽  
John G. Swallow ◽  
Patrick A. Carter ◽  
Abel Bult-Ito
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Wheel Running Activity ◽  
Vasopressin Neurons

The ‘suprachiasmatic syndrome’: endocrine and behavioural abnormalities following lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei in the female rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 198 (1132) ◽  
pp. 297-314 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wheel Running ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Wheel Running Activity ◽  
Pineal Serotonin ◽  
Response To Stress

Lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei that caused failure of spontaneous ovulation in female rats consistently produced abnormalities in other functions that are normally influenced by the light-dark cycle. In such animals morning plasma corticosterone concentrations were abnormally high and evening values abnormally low though the response to stress was unaffected. Pineal serotonin N -acetyl transferase activity was abnormally high in animals killed during the day and abnormally low in those killed at night. Although the animals were in persistent be­havioural oestrus, total voluntary wheel-running activity was not con­sistently altered but was distributed evenly between the light and dark periods rather than being confined principally to the dark periods as in normal animals. Similarly the proportion of the daily water and food intake that occurred during the dark period was reduced. The incidence of these associated abnormalities was low in lesioned rats that continued to ovulate spontaneously.

Melatonin injections affect circadian behavior and SCN neurophysiology in Djungarian hamsters

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (3) ◽  
pp. R615-R621 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Margraf ◽  
G. R. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Phase Angle ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Wheel Running Activity ◽  
Circadian Behavior ◽  
Short Days

We investigated the effects of daily melatonin (MEL) injection on phase angle of entrainment, duration of wheel-running activity (alpha), and frequency of suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) neuronal discharge in the photo-nonresponsive phenotype of the Djungarian hamster, Phodopus sungorus. Photo-nonresponsiveness is characterized by an absence of physiological adjustments to short days (SD). With respect to wheel-running activity, photo-nonresponsive hamsters have a large negative phase angle of entrainment and a compressed alpha under SD. These hamsters also have a delayed nocturnal MEL pulse. These circadian differences are correlated with the daily profile of SCN neuronal activity. In the present experiments, daily MEL injections to photo-nonresponsive hamsters resulted in molt, gonadal regression, and expansion in alpha until entrainment to lights off. Vehicle-injected controls did not exhibit any of these responses. SCN neuronal activity patterns recorded from MEL-injected photo-nonresponders, but not vehicle-injected controls, resembled electrical activity profiles of photoresponsive hamsters. These results demonstrate that MEL induces "photoresponsiveness" in previously photo-nonresponsive hamsters, that MEL modifies circadian behavior to resemble that of photoresponders, and that MEL injections affect the circadian rhythm of SCN neuronal firing.

The effect of restricted feeding on the wheel-running activity rhythms of the predatory marsupial Dasyurus viverrinus

1990 ◽  
Vol 166 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
GerardA. Kennedy ◽  
GrahameJ. Coleman ◽  
StuartM. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Wheel Running ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Wheel Running Activity

scholarly journals Wheel-running activity rhythms in two inbred strains of laboratory rats under different photoperiods

1991 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Siebert ◽  
Franziska Wollnik
Keyword(s):  
Wheel Running ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Wheel Running Activity

Differential effects of food restriction on pituitary-testicular function in mice

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (2) ◽  
pp. R181-R189 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Blank ◽  
C. Desjardins
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Testicular Function ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Wheel Running Activity

The reproductive responses of two species of wild rodents, house mice and deer mice, were evaluated following a 30% reduction in food intake for 5 wk. These animal models were chosen as prototypes of other rodent species because each employs unique functional adjustments when confronted with reduced resources in their natural habitats. Modest inanition failed to alter pituitary-testicular function in house mice; neither spermatogenesis nor plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone were modified. In sharp distinction, deer mice exposed to restricted food intake showed significant reductions in plasma LH and testosterone and an accompanying loss in spermatogenesis. Reduced food intake also caused pronounced shifts in the temporal organization and amount of wheel-running activity in both animal models, albeit in a dichotomous fashion. House mice exhibited the same amount of wheel-running activity throughout inanition, but the diel periodicity of locomotor behavior was shifted from the dark to the light period. Deer mice, in comparison, significantly curtailed wheel-running activity during the dark hours but ran in precise phase relationship with the light-dark cycle. Taken together, our results establish that the male reproductive system and its supporting neuroendocrine and behavioral correlates can be disrupted by modest levels of food restriction in certain animal models.

Genetic analysis of daily physical activity using a mouse chromosome substitution strain

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
He S. Yang ◽  
Martha H. Vitaterna ◽  
Aaron D. Laposky ◽  
Kazuhiro Shimomura ◽  
Fred W. Turek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Circadian Period ◽  
Chromosome 13 ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Wheel Running Activity

There is considerable evidence for a genetic basis underlying individual differences in spontaneous physical activity in humans and animals. Previous publications indicate that the physical activity level and pattern vary among inbred strains of mice and identified a genomic region on chromosome 13 as quantitative trait loci (QTL) for physical activity. To confirm and further characterize the role of chromosome 13 in regulating daily physical activity level and pattern, we conducted a comprehensive phenotypic study in the chromosome 13 substitution strain (CSS-13) in which the individual chromosome 13 from the A/J strain was substituted into an otherwise complete C57BL/6J (B6) genome. The B6 and A/J parental strains exhibited pronounced differences in daily physical activity, sleep-wake structure, circadian period and body weight. Here we report that a single A/J chromosome 13 in the context of a B6 genetic background conferred a profound reduction in both total cage activity and wheel-running activity under a 14:10-h light-dark cycle, as well as in constant darkness, compared with B6 controls. Additionally, CSS-13 mice differed from B6 controls in the diurnal distribution of activity and the day-to-day variability in activity onset. We further performed a linkage analysis and mapped a significant QTL on chromosome 13 regulating the daily wheel running activity level in mice. Taken together, our findings indicate a QTL on chromosome 13 with dramatic and specific effects on daily voluntary physical activity, but not on circadian period, sleep, or other aspects of activity that are different between B6 and A/J strains.

scholarly journals Strain screen and haplotype association mapping of wheel running in inbred mouse strains

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Timothy Lightfoot ◽  
Larry Leamy ◽  
Daniel Pomp ◽  
Michael J. Turner ◽  
Anthony A. Fodor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Association Mapping ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Haplotype Association ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Wheel Running Activity

Previous genetic association studies of physical activity, in both animal and human models, have been limited in number of subjects and genetically homozygous strains used as well as number of genomic markers available for analysis. Expansion of the available mouse physical activity strain screens and the recently published dense single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) map of the mouse genome (≈8.3 million SNPs) and associated statistical methods allowed us to construct a more generalizable map of the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with physical activity. Specifically, we measured wheel running activity in male and female mice (average age 9 wk) in 41 inbred strains and used activity data from 38 of these strains in a haplotype association mapping analysis to determine QTL associated with activity. As seen previously, there was a large range of activity patterns among the strains, with the highest and lowest strains differing significantly in daily distance run (27.4-fold), duration of activity (23.6-fold), and speed (2.9-fold). On a daily basis, female mice ran further (24%), longer (13%), and faster (11%). Twelve QTL were identified, with three (on Chr. 12, 18, and 19) in both male and female mice, five specific to males, and four specific to females. Eight of the 12 QTL, including the 3 general QTL found for both sexes, fell into intergenic areas. The results of this study further support the findings of a moderate to high heritability of physical activity and add general genomic areas applicable to a large number of mouse strains that can be further mined for candidate genes associated with regulation of physical activity. Additionally, results suggest that potential genetic mechanisms arising from traditional noncoding regions of the genome may be involved in regulation of physical activity.

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