Analysis of the use of paint coatings to protect the hull from corrosion

The most common and reliable method of protecting a ship’s hull from corrosion is paint coatings. Paint coatings can be used to paint products of any size. In case of complete or partial destruction, the paintwork can be easily restored by tinting or completely repainting the surface. Paints and varnishes are easily combined with other methods of corrosion protection. The use of paint coatings is more economical in comparison with other types of corrosion protection. Therefore, it is currently the most common method of protecting ship hulls. In order to determine the quality, the experimental studies of various paints and varnishes were carried out. Experimental prototypes were made. The effect of low temperatures and the effect of an impending water flow on paint and coatings were considered. The main conclusions were drawn from the results of the experiments. For long-term protection from the external environment, it is necessary that the coating film should maintain high adhesion to the surface maintain continuous, have minimal water absorption, devoid of pores and be solid. Samples with a two-layer and three-layer coating of Jotun paint have the best adhesion. Satisfactory results were also obtained on samples with a three-layer coating of XC-436 enamel and with a two-layer coating of stone red.

The problem of fluid filtration through cement stone on gas fields with low reservoir permeability

Partial destruction of cement stone or an increase in its permeability during the development of oil and gas fields is a frequent occurrence. There are a huge number of natural and man-made factors that lead to an increase in the gas permeability of the cement ring. This article attempts to investigate the permeability of cement stone in active and abandoned wells. It presents an overview of experimental works devoted to determining the real permeability of cement stone on samples and according to the results of studying the state of wells in various conditions.

Cracking of the paraffins on catalysts from natural zeolite of Kazakhstan Shankanay field

Cracking of paraffins was held to obtain long chain α-olefins using the catalysts from natural zeolite of Shankanay field modified with 1N HCl at the temperature range of 500-570°С and atmospheric pressure on a fixed layer. Liquid and gaseous reaction products were analyzed by gas chromatography; regeneration of the catalyst was carried out with a steam-air mixture until total absence of CO2 in the contact gases. To evaluate the structure and texture of the obtained catalysts, the methods of Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-Ray diffractometry analysis, and elemental analysis using scanning electron microscopy were used. As results, zeolite modification allowed doubling the activity of the catalysts and increasing the selectivity by 23.8-44.8%. The group compositions of olefins, alkanes and gaseous products were detected. Iron form under α-Fe2O3, ε-FeOOH and γ-FeOOH was present. The modified and blank form of catalysts under 1N hydrochloric acid solution washing phase content was detected; partial destruction of the crystalline carcass of clinoptilolite was observed.

Electrochemical Reduction of CO2: Influence of Pre-treating the Carbon Support

The production of useful chemicals by electroreducing CO2 it is a promising approach to reduce the levels of this greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. This is not a straightforward process due to the high stability of the CO2 molecule and low selectivity however, these barriers can be overcome by using an appropriate catalyst. This research focus on the effect of pre-treating the carbon supports before incorporating the catalyst on the electroreduction of CO2. We found that the electrochemical behaviour of the carbon supports is modified by the nature of the pre-treatment used. From the structure perspective, the results showed partial destruction of the carbon structure mainly after the oxidative treatments nevertheless, the introduction of defect sites in the carbon structure contributed to catalyst performance. This improvement was proved by the LSV data that showed the reduction of the current associated with the hydrogen reduction reaction.

An Assessment of Environmental Impact on Glued Wood Building Elements

The research investigated the impact of environmental factors (temperature and humidity) on pine glulam, oak glulam, and laminated veneer lumber (LVL) elements, all of which can be used in building structures. Elements underwent freezing, heating, drying, and wetting processes in different modes, thereby simulating different environmental conditions that could be encountered during the service period of the materials. Their mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity - MOE and coefficient of damping) were recorded at each stage. It was determined that, in the case of dry construction elements (where a moisture content was between 7.0 and 14.0 %), the MOE increases by a few percentage points with decreasing temperature and humidity levels, and decreases with increasing temperature and humidity levels. The coefficient of damping varied by 20 % - in most cases, when the modulus of elasticity increased, this decreased, and vice versa. Under extreme environmental changes (with the elements being soaked, frozen at -25 °C, and dried at 40 °C), the MOE of the glued timber decreased by 16 % when this parameter of LVL decreased by about 10 %. Alterations in viscous properties produced similar results (the coefficient of damping increased by 50 % for the glued timber and by 66 % for the LVL). This is explained by the partial destruction of the element structure, the occurrence of cracks, and the decreased anisotropy of the LVL structure.

Dynamin Action at the Final Stage of Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis

Dynamin plays an important role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis by cutting the neck of nascent vesicles from the cell membrane. Gold nanorods were used as imaging probes to observe dynamin action on cargo vesicles during live endocytosis events. Invariant is that at the peak of dynamin accumulation, the cargo-containing vesicle always gives abrupt, right-handed rotations that finishes in a short time (~ 0.28 s). The large and quick twist, herein named the super twist, is the result of the coordinated dynamin helix action upon GTP hydrolysis. After the super twist, the rotational freedom of the vesicle drastically increases, accompanied with simultaneous or delayed translational movement, indicating that it detaches from the cell membrane. These observations suggest that dynamin-mediated scission at the final stage involves a large torque generated by coordinated actions of multiple dynamins in the helix, which is the main driving force for scission. The super twist presumably results in membrane tube hemi-fission and partial destruction of the dynamin helix, followed by vesicle fission.

Разрушение пленки золота при моделировании процесса лазерной биопечати

Laser printing with gel microdroplets is a promising method for biotechnology and medicine. During printing, a nanosecond laser pulse is absorbed in a thin metal film of a donor substrate with a covered gel layer, which leads to its heating, partial destruction of the film, and transfer of a gel microdroplet to the acceptor substrate. In this work, the dynamics of destruction of a film with a thickness of 50 nm is studied. It is shown that when threshold is exceeded, the gold film peels off from the glass plate. A further increase in the laser fluence occurs to the formation of a orifice in the film. The results obtained are of interest for improving the technology of laser bioprinting.

Repatriation, Incorporation, and Destruction: the destination of the Caster Collection at the Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Brazil

In the mid-twentieth century, geologist Kenneth E. Caster collected fossils of South American Paleozoic and Mesozoic invertebrates, further contributing to important research for Brazilian geology. The collected paleontological collection was later taken to study at the University of Cincinnati (USA), where it remained for more than six decades. In 2016, in an unprecedented agreement between the Universidade de Cincinnati and the Museu Nacional/UFRJ, the Caster collection was repatriated, incorporating it into the collection of paleoinvertebrates of the Museu Nacional/UFRJ. The report clarifying the trajectory of the collection's repatriation and its tragic, but partial, destruction in the institution's fire in 2018 and its current destination is the objective of this paper.

EARLY MEDIEVAL IRON PRODUCTS SET FROM THE ZARINSKY DISTRICT, ALTAI REGION

The Zarinsky District in archaeological terms is one of the least studied territory of the Altai Territory. Systematic surveys were rarely carried out there. However, this region is important for the study of ancient and medieval history, as it is located on the border of Western and Southern Siberia. Recently, information about archaeological finds that were obtained using metal detectors has become frequent. The article examines the situation recorded by the competent authorities associated with the partial destruction of a historical and cultural monument of federal significance and the illegal extraction of iron objects from it. The study of the confiscated artifacts was carried out on the basis of an official request from the Directorate of the FSB of Russia in the Altai Territory. Detailed descriptions of artifacts (bit, adze, two arrowheads) are given, which are supplemented by detailed illustrations. It was concluded that the found set belongs to the period of the early Middle Ages and may be associated with the Srostki culture. Keywords: Altai Territory, Zarinsky District, Starodrachenino, archaeological site, earlier Middle Ages, barrow, bit, adze, arrowhead

The Healing Waters of Srebrenica in the Function of the Development of Tourism, Agriculture and Economy

Srebrenica, this small town in the northeastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, has been described for centuries as a picturesque place, rich in healing waters, ores, and diverse cultural heritage. Today, Srebrenica is a symbol of suffering and suffering, but also of missed opportunities for the renewal of life and economy in this area. In the work we present, we deal with potentials that can renew life in the Srebrenica area. Thanks to its unique and very abundant natural resources, Srebrenica has been inhabited since ancient times, presumably since the Illyrians. Guber mineral water was used as a medicine for the treatment of skin diseases even before the arrival of the Romans in this area. The first written traces of mineral springs near Srebrenica were made by the Turkish travel writer Evlija Čelebija in the 17th century, traveling through BiH, and the Austro-Hungarians bottled the mineral water of the Spa "Guber" and sold it throughout the monarchy ("Guber-voda"). Mineral water has been bottled and exported since 1887. In 1886, the first scientific research of mineral springs was carried out in the area of the municipality of Srebrenica, when Viennese researchers recorded the existence of 48 mineral springs. Special attention of the Austro-Hungarian researcher prof. Dr. Ernes Ludwig was attracted by water from the source of the Velikog or Crni Guber, whose analysis was an excellent combination of minerals for the treatment of anemia. In 1956, the Federal Ministry of Health of the SFRY and the Federal Institute of Medicines Commissions from Belgrade declared Crni Guber water a medicine. Thus, Crni Guber water is the only water that has been declared a medicine in the former Yugoslavia. In the pre-war period, the total annual income of Banja Guber ranged from 1,200,000 to 1,500,000 US dollars. The company operated successfully until the last war in which, due to the war, there was a complete or partial destruction of certain facilities. The aim of this paper is to determine the potential impact of Srebrenica medicinal water resources on the development of tourism, agriculture and economy. Development of health tourism, increase of accommodation capacities, integration of agricultural producers and other activities enables rural development. By increasing the number of newly employed workers, household budgets, but also the overall economic development of Srebrenica, water could renew life in this area again.