The photic environment and scotopic visual pigments of the creek chub,Semotilus atromaculatus and white sucker,Catostomus commersoni

1989 ◽  
Vol 164 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Heinermann ◽  
M. A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Visual Pigments ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Semotilus Atromaculatus ◽  
Creek Chub

The rodlet cell of Semotilus atromaculatus and Catostomus commersoni (Teleostei): studies on its identity using histochemistry and DNase I – gold, RNase A – gold, and S1 nuclease – gold labeling techniques

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Barber ◽  
J. E. Mills Westermann
Keyword(s):  
Rnase A ◽  
Methyl Green ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
S1 Nuclease ◽  
Semotilus Atromaculatus ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Core Boundary ◽  
Creek Chub ◽  
Rodlet Cells

Rodlet cells, enigmatic, variably present components of several teleost epithelia, have been regarded as normal cells of unknown function or parasites of unknown phylogeny. The present study examines rodlet cells in the northern creek chub, Semotilus atromaculatus, and the white sucker, Catostomus commersoni. In light microscopic histochemistry, rodlet cores give "RNA-type" reactions to acridine orange and methyl green – pyronin procedures, but in electon microscopy, application of the nuclease–gold procedure shows that rodlets contain DNA in a helical distribution at the core boundary, but not RNA. Rodlet cores also are labeled by S1 nuclease – gold, an enzyme that is specific for single-stranded DNA. We have concluded that DNA, and only DNA, is found in the rodlet, and that it occurs in a conformation not normally seen in the eukaryote nucleus. In fact, the rodlet with its DNA resembles no known eukaryote, prokaryote, or virus. Discussion includes the possibility that the rodlet core may be a natural example of DNA containing left-handed sequences (Z-DNA). Since the nucleus of the rodlet cell contains the same amount of DNA as nuclei of teleost cells, the cell itself is concluded to be of teleost origin, and the rodlets are proposed to be invasive structures of unknown phylogeny which convert the metabolism of the teleost cell to rodlet production.

Morphology and host specificity of Cryptobia catostomi n.sp. (Protozoa: Kinetoplastida) from white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) in southern Ontario

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1082-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Bower ◽  
Patrick T. K. Woo
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Adult Fish ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Semotilus Atromaculatus ◽  
Rhinichthys Atratulus

During the summer of 1975, 285 white sucker from 10 localities in southern Ontario were examined for haemoflagellates. Cryptobia catostomi n.sp., found in the blood of 43.4% of the fish examined, occurred in all populations of adult fish and in one of three populations of juvenile fish.The morphology of C. catostomi n.sp. based on over 500 specimens stained with Giemsa's stain, varied considerably. Cloning showed that this species is pleomorphic and has morphological features and body measurements which encompass most other Cryptobia spp. previously described from the blood of fishes. Cryptobia catostomi n.sp. was distinguished by its host specificity. Infections could not be transmitted to 16 other species of fishes by inoculation of blood from infected sucker. Fishes refractive to infection included Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus, Rhinichthys atratulus, Semotilus atromaculatus, Salmo gairdneri, Oncorhynchus kisutch, and Esox lucius from which other species of Cryptobia (C. borreli, C. cataractae, C. salmositica, and C. gurneyorum) have been reported in North America.

Effect of temperature on 13C and 15N incorporation rates and discrimination factors in two North American fishes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan M Maitland ◽  
Carlos Martinez del Rio ◽  
Frank J Rahel
Keyword(s):  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Semotilus Atromaculatus ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Discrimination Factors ◽  
Specific Growth Rates ◽  
Creek Chub ◽  
Isotopic Incorporation

The biological parameters needed to interpret isotopic field data on food webs—namely isotopic incorporation and discrimination (Δ13C and Δ15N)—are unknown for many animals. We investigated the effects of temperature on carbon and nitrogen incorporation and discrimination in Creek Chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) and White Sucker (Catostomus commersonii) by rearing wild-caught fish on a distinct diet at 12 °C and 20 °C for 160 days. Mass specific growth rates were higher at 20 °C. Isotopic turnover was mainly influenced by metabolic processes as opposed to growth in both species, especially White Sucker. Cold-reared fish had slower rates of isotopic incorporation and higher isotopic residence times than warm-reared fish. Discrimination factors were generally smaller for Δ15N (range = 1.9 to 3.0) and larger for Δ13C (range = 1.4 to 2.3) than values reported for other fishes. Variable temperature effects on discrimination suggests unmeasured effects of the experimental diet which will require additional experimentation to tease apart. These results support the hypothesis that metabolic rates are correlated with isotopic incorporation rates in animals dependent on environmental temperature.

Responses in a Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) Lifecycle Test and in Wild White Sucker (Catostomus commersoni) Exposed to a Canadian Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L. Parrott ◽  
L. Mark Hewitt ◽  
Tibor G. Kovacs ◽  
Deborah L. MacLatchy ◽  
Pierre H. Martel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fish Reproduction ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Abstract To evaluate currently available bioassays for their use in investigating the causes of pulp and paper mill effluent effects on fish reproduction, the responses of wild white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) collected from the receiving environment at the bleached kraft mill at La Tuque, Quebec, were compared with responses of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) exposed to effluent in a laboratory lifecycle test. White sucker collected at effluent exposed sites had increased liver size but none of the reproductive effects that had been documented in earlier field studies at this site. Exposure to 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100% bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) in the lab led to significantly decreased length, but increased weight and liver size in male fathead minnow. Female length was also decreased and liver size was increased at high effluent exposures. Most effluent concentrations (1 to 30%) significantly increased egg production compared with controls. The fathead minnow lifecycle assay mirrored the effects seen in wild fish captured downstream of the BKME discharge. These results will be used to select short-term fish tests for investigating the causes of and solutions to the effects of mill effluents on fish reproduction.

Survival to hatching of fishes in sulfate-saline waters, Devils Lake, North Dakota

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd M. Koel ◽  
John J. Peterka
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Devils Lake ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Species Survival

Laboratory-based bioassays were conducted to determine concentrations of sodium-sulfate type salinities that limit the hatching success of several fish species. Survival to hatching (SH) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in sodium-sulfate type waters from Devils Lake, North Dakota, of ≥ 2400 mg/L total dissolved solids (TDS) than in fresh water of 200 mg/L. In waters of 200, 1150, 2400, 4250, and 6350 mg/L TDS, walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) SH was 41, 38, 7, 1, and 0%; northern pike (Esox lucius) SH was 92, 68, 33, 2, and 0%; yellow perch (Perca flavescens) SH was 88, 70, 73, 0, and 0%; white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) SH was 87, 95, 66, 0, and 0%; common carp (Cyprinus carpio) SH was 71, 69, 49, 63, and 25%.

Diet Selection and the Contribution of Detritus to the Diet of the Juvenile White Sucker (Catostomus commersoni)

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly O. Ahlgren
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Maximum Density ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Quantitative Microscopy ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Invertebrate Prey ◽  
Invertebrate Abundance ◽  
Northern Michigan

The ash-free dry mass (AFDM) of detritus, invertebrates, and algae in the diet of juvenile white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) was determined by quantitative microscopy. Fish were collected from a northern Michigan pond from January through October 1986 and their seasonal diet was compared with benthc invertebrate abundance. The quantity of detritus in sucker foreguts was inversely related to benthic microcrustacean densities. In July, microcrustacean densities were high and they comprised 95% of the AFDM in foregut contents. By October, microcrustacean densities had declined to 13% of their maximum density and detritus comprised over 90% of the sucker's diet AFDM. In laboratory aquaria, sucker that were fed detritus mixed with four different densities of Artemia ingested significantly more detritus from diets that provided lower Artemia densities. In the presence of high Artemia densities, sucker completely rejected detritus and ingested only Artemia, The fact that juvenile sucker can separate detritus from invertebrates that they swallow demonstrates that detritus is not ingested incidentally. Both laboratory and field data support the hypothesis that detritus is ingested intentionally when preferred invertebrate prey are scarce.

Mechanisms responsible for the niche shift of brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill, when living sympatrically with creek chub, Semotilus atromaculatus Mitchill

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1548-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Magnan ◽  
Gérard J. FitzGerald
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Niche Shift ◽  
Intraspecific Aggression ◽  
Brook Charr ◽  
Semotilus Atromaculatus ◽  
High Level ◽  
Gill Raker ◽  
Creek Chub ◽  
Study Laboratory

When brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill, are in allopatry in oligotrophic Québec lakes, they feed largely on macrobenthic invertebrates. However, when brook charr cooccur with creek chub, Semotilus atromaculatus Mitchill, they feed largely on zooplankton. In the present study, laboratory experiments showed that creek chub were more effective than brook charr in searching for hidden, patchily distributed prey. The searching efficiency of an individual chub feeding in a group was improved through social facilitation. In contrast, the high level of intraspecific aggression observed in brook charr prevents the formation of such feeding groups. In the laboratory, brook charr were able to displace creek chub from the food source because of interspecific aggression. Data are presented showing that chub are morphologically better adapted than charr to feed on benthos (subterminal orientation of the mouth and protrusible premaxillae), while the charr are better adapted than chub to feed on zooplankton (gill raker structure). Differences in feeding behaviour, morphology, and relative abundance between these species appear to be important in the observed niche shift of brook charr in nature.

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