Drying properties of clay materials

This contribution presents results from a series of compression and undrained triaxial tests to study the mechanical behavior of dump clay from the north of Bohemia. The use of these materials as a foundation for construction can’t be achieved without the adoption of some precautions. This comes from embankment, formed by digging the ground (altered claystone), up to the level of coal mining which is in a sub horizontal stratigraphic layer. A potential static liquefaction behavior was observed in undrained tests for high confinement stress. A structural collapse was noticed with the results obtained in the triaxial test. This collapse is characterized by an unexpected large decrease in deviator and mean effective stress. The soils formed have strength properties that are potentially dangerous. These concepts can improve the use of these kinds of soils in geotechnical engineering work. It continues and expands the results obtained in previous research, especially the future problematic use of these materials as the foundation soil for line or building structures.

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New uses for brick-making clay materials from the Bailén area (southern Spain)

Clay Minerals ◽

10.1180/000985598545750 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 453-465 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

I. Gonzalez ◽

E. Galan ◽

A. Miras ◽

P. Aparicio

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Iron Oxides ◽

Raw Materials ◽

The Other ◽

Southern Spain ◽

Other Hand ◽

Floor Tiles ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Clay Materials

AbstractAn attempt has been made to assess new potential applications for the Bailén clays, traditionally used for manufacturing bricks, based on mineralogical, chemical, particle size, plasticity and firing results. Raw materials and mixtures used by the local factory were selected and tested with the addition of some diatomite, feldspar or kaolin. Based on their properties, clay materials from Bailén might be suitable for making porous red wall tiles, clinker, vitrified red floor tiles and porous light-coloured wall tiles by pressing; the first could be manufactured from the raw materials and mixtures currently used by the local manufactures. On the other hand, stoneware shaped by extrusion, such as perforated bricks, facing bricks and roofing tiles, can be also manufactured from the mixtures used at the factory if they contain 20-25% carbonate and small amounts of iron oxides; lightweight bricks require black and yellow clays with diatomite.

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Removal of Phosphate Species from Solution by Adsorption onto Red and Grey Ceramic Clay Used as Adsorbent

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.434 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 675-677 ◽

pp. 434-439

Author(s):

Yi Liang Yao ◽

Chang Yu Lu ◽

Wie Sheng Guan ◽

Hai Gang Gou ◽

Wei Huang

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Low Cost ◽

Phosphate Removal ◽

Liquid Ratio ◽

Phosphate Species ◽

Water Problems ◽

And Control ◽

Water Eutrophication ◽

Clay Materials ◽

Ceramic Clay

Waste water is becoming more and more around us and phosphates exit everywhere in waste water. Eutrophication, the most common phenomenon caused by phosphate, can lead to water problems. Therefore, searching suitable materials to remove and control phosphate in waste water is of great significance. In this reach project, the method of adsorption was chosen to remove phosphate and two kinds of ceramic clay materials which were low cost and easily available as adsorbent for adsorption were used for phosphate removal. According to the removal efficiency of phosphate removal, temperature, solid to liquid ratio, the original concentration of phosphate and experiment time were studied in the experiments.

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Effect of pyrophillite on the drying properties of acid-resistant refractories based on the argillaceous part of zircon-ilmenite ore gravitation tailings

Refractories and Industrial Ceramics ◽

10.1007/s11148-010-9226-4 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 409-411 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. S. Abdrakhimova

Keyword(s):

Drying Properties

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A Study of the Adsorptive and Oxidative Bleaching of Palm Oil Using Clay and Potassium Tetraoxomanganate V11 Materials

International Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.5539/ijc.v9n2p67 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

A. M. Ekwonu ◽

E. O. Egolum

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Potassium Salt ◽

Fats And Oils ◽

Oxidative Process ◽

First Order ◽

Bleaching Procedure ◽

Alkanoic Acids ◽

Life Values ◽

Fuller’S Earth ◽

Clay Materials

Fats and oils undergo hydrolysis reaction. They hydrolyse to yield propane-1,2,3 triol and the corresponding alkanoic acids if it is acid hydrolysis. Alkaline hydrolysis yields sodium or potassium salt of the alkanoic acid and propane-1,2,3-triol. A common approach for bleaching palm oil has been the use of clay materials, particularly the commercially available fuller’s earth. In this study, the suitability of chemical bleaching of palm oil using acidified (0.1M H2SO4) and non-acidified 1.0M KMnO4 was examined. This is compared to the adsorptive procedure using clay materials. Average bleaching absorbance values of 0.017+0.005 and 0.115+0.004 for acidified and non-acidified KMnO4 were respectively obtained from the oxidative bleaching procedure. Those for fuller’s earth and its blend with sodium sesquicarbonate (trona, a locally obtained clay) gave absorbance values of 0.121+0.011 and 0.186+0.006 respectively; while that for trona/activated carbon blend was 0.234+0.007. These are in comparison to 0.881 for the unbleached palm oil. Thus, a relatively better bleaching was achieved with the oxidative process. A first order rate reaction with respect to the bleaching agents was obtained for both procedures. Rate constants of 0.079+014 (acidified) and 0.055+0.020min-1 (non-acidified) at 800C were recorded for the oxidative bleaching. These are compared to 0.034+0.009 obtained for the clay mixture. Half-life values of 10min for acidified oxidative process, and 28min for adsorptive clay mixture method, were obtained. Efficiency of 98% was obtained for the acidified oxidative compared to approximately 70% for the clay blend. A significance, p< 0.05, between the absorbance values for the acidified oxidative and each of the adsorptive clay bleaching procedures was obtained.These observations indicate the potentials of oxidizing agents especially the acidified KMnO4 in the bleaching of palm oil, and therefore, suggest its usage industrially for this purpose.

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Clay Intercalated PVA-Nafion Bipolymer Matrix as Proton Conducting Nanocomposite Membrane for PEM Fuel Cells

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.807.161 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 807 ◽

pp. 161-168

Author(s):

B. Narayanamoorthy ◽

B. Dineshkumar ◽

S. Balaji

Keyword(s):

Sol Gel ◽

Composite Membranes ◽

Pem Fuel Cells ◽

The Other ◽

Hybrid Nanocomposite ◽

Nanocomposite Membranes ◽

Free Standing ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Clay Materials ◽

Sem Analyses

The amino functionalized magnesium phyllosilicate clay (AC) intercalated over PVA-Nafion hybrid nanocomposite membranes were prepared by sol-gel method. The free standing membranes were obtained by solution recasting. The composition of clay materials such as AC and montmorillonite (MMT) was varied between 2-10 wt.% with respect to PVA-Nafion content. The molecular interactions and surface morphology of nanocomposite membranes were investigated by FT-IR and SEM analyses respectively. The thermal and mechanical stabilities of nanocomposite membranes were studied using TGA and Nanoindentation techniques. For 6 wt. % AC/PVA-Nafion, TGA results showed no appreciable mass change up to 380 °C and hardness calculated from nanoindentation studies was nearly 30 % higher than the other compositions. An improved conductivity was obtained for 6 wt. % AC/PVA-Nafion (1.4×10-2 S/cm) compared to pure Nafion (1.2×10-2 S/cm) and PVA-Nafion and MMT/PVA-Nafion composite membranes. From these studies, we observed that 6 wt. % AC/PVA-Nafion membrane possessed a good conductivity with higher thermal and mechanical stabilities.

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