New uses for brick-making clay materials from the Bailén area (southern Spain)

Clay Minerals ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gonzalez ◽  
E. Galan ◽  
A. Miras ◽  
P. Aparicio
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Floor Tiles ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Clay Materials

AbstractAn attempt has been made to assess new potential applications for the Bailén clays, traditionally used for manufacturing bricks, based on mineralogical, chemical, particle size, plasticity and firing results. Raw materials and mixtures used by the local factory were selected and tested with the addition of some diatomite, feldspar or kaolin. Based on their properties, clay materials from Bailén might be suitable for making porous red wall tiles, clinker, vitrified red floor tiles and porous light-coloured wall tiles by pressing; the first could be manufactured from the raw materials and mixtures currently used by the local manufactures. On the other hand, stoneware shaped by extrusion, such as perforated bricks, facing bricks and roofing tiles, can be also manufactured from the mixtures used at the factory if they contain 20-25% carbonate and small amounts of iron oxides; lightweight bricks require black and yellow clays with diatomite.

scholarly journals Biological Tools to Deal with Pollution : Selected Advances and Novel Perspectives

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Abdelaziz Ghanemi ◽  
Besma Boubertakh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environment And Public Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Metabolic Properties ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact

Pollution  represents  a  problem  common  to economy and  public  health. Indeed, the public health, because of the  divers’  type of pollutions, is facing divers challenges for which urgent solutions are required.The biology provides approaches not only to deal with the pollution, but also to  obtain  economic  benefits. Some living  organisms  have  particular metabolisms  that allow  them  to  assimilate  and  metabolite  the polluting agents  and thus reduce the  impact  they have on both environment  and public health.  On  the other  hand,  the  metabolic  properties  of  specific organisms make  the  polluting  elements raw materials to  synthesize  other elements that are benefits  for  economy  and  non-toxic  for  the  ecology and  the  biohealth. Yet, other options such as the regulations and laws are  required  to improve the efficiency of these approaches.

scholarly journals Pengujian Zeolit Alam Mordenit Sebagai Penjerap Proses Pendegradasian Kandungan Amonium di dalam Air Tambak

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Nuryoto Nuryoto ◽  
Teguh Kurniawan ◽  
Indar Kustiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Natural Zeolites ◽  
Absorption Time ◽  
Adsorption Time ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Other Hand

ABSTRACTIndonesia has an abundant quantity of natural zeolites that have not yet been utilized maximally. On the other hand, fishpond farmers have a problem regarding the presence of ammonium in the fishpond water which will negatively impact to survival of fish, especially small fish. To solve this problem, this research was utilizing natural zeolite to degrade ammonium in the fishpond water. This research aimed to test mordenite natural zeolite from Bayah as an adsorbent to collaborate some variables impact to reach more maximal adsorption. The variables that were used to be observed were: mordenite natural zeolite from Bayah as an adsorbent which has been activated by 1-7 N H2SO4 and the other was without activation, ammonium concentration of 80-800 ppm, the particle size of adsorbent of 80 and 150 mesh, stirring speed of 600 and 800 rpm, and without stirring by duration adsorption time of 60 minutes. The research results showed that mordenite natural zeolite after activated was able to adsorb of 100% ammonium, while for the mordenite natural zeolite from Bayah without stirring was of 80%, by the same absorption time. These results will give significant benefits for fishpond farmers to increase their productivity because of the increase in fish survival.Keywords: adsorption, adsorbent, zeolite, amoniumABSTRAKKandungan zeolit alam di Indonesia cukup melimpah dan belum termanfaatkan secara maksimal. Pada sisi lain petani tambak dihadapkan pada masalah terdapatnya kandungan amonium di dalam air tambak, yang akan berdampak negatif bagi keberlangsungan hidup ikan, terutama ikan yang masih kecil. Penelitian ini mencoba memanfaatkan zeolit alam guna mendegradasi kandungan amonium dalam air tambak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan pengujian terhadap zeolit alam mordenit dari Bayah sebagai adsorben, baik dilakukan dengan pengadukan maupun tanpa pengadukan, serta mengkolaborasi beberapa variabel yang berpengaruh agar hasil adsorpsi lebih maksimal. Observasi dilakukan dengan zeolit alam mordenit dari Bayah yang telah diaktivasi dengan 1-7 N H2SO4 maupun tanpa aktivasi, rentang konsentrasi larutan amonium 80-800 ppm, ukuran partikel adsorben 80 dan 150 mesh, kecepatan pengadukan 600 dan 800 rpm, dan tanpa pengadukan serta lamanya waktu penyerapan 60 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukan hasil yang sangat baik, dan secara umum zeolit alam mordenit Bayah teraktivasi telah mampu melakukan adsorpsi amonium sebesar 100%, sedangkan untuk zeolit alam mordenit Bayah tanpa pengadukan sebesar 80% pada waktu adsorpsi yang sama.Kata kunci: adsorpsi, adsorben, zeolit, amonium

A French place without a cheese

Focaal ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 2004 (44) ◽  
pp. 72-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Filippucci
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Local Product ◽  
Definition Of

In France, the classic produit du terroir, the local product that with its mix of skill and raw materials embodies the distinctive tie between people and their terroir (soil), is cheese. Thus, when inhabitants of the Argonne say that it “does not even have a cheese”, they imply that it lacks a patrimoine (cultural heritage). On the other hand, they do make passionate claims about 'being Argonnais', conveying a marked recognition of, and attachment to, a named place in relation to which they identify themselves and others. Focusing on this paradox, this article will highlight certain assumptions regarding the definition of cultural heritage found in public policy.

Computerized Fieldwork Data Base: Applications and Implications

1987 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Polatajko ◽  
Marilyn Ernest ◽  
Joyce MacKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Resultant Data ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The One ◽  
The University ◽  
Professional Judgement

Fieldwork placement is a complicated and involved task. On the one hand, it requires insightful, professional judgement, but on the other hand, it includes numerous routine administrative and clerical tasks. To deal with fieldwork placement more efficiently and effectively it was decided to computerize the fieldwork placement system at the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario. This paper describes the system developed and the resultant data base. The potential applications of the data base and the implications for students, facilities, educational programs, professional governing bodies and research are discussed.

N+3 and N+4 Generation Aeropropulsion Engine Combustors: Part 2 — Medium Size Rich-Dome Engines and Lean-Domes

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hukam C. Mongia
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Fuel Burn ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Funding Support

Comprehensive assessment of the medium size rich-dome engines was conducted leading to the following emissions correlations: (1) LTO NOx = 1.129 × OPR 1.0899 with R 2 = 0.9248 Takeoff NOxEI given by (2) NOxEI = 0.0729 × OPR 1.7197 with R 2 = 0.9603 COEI idle = 396.42 NOxEI Takeoff 0.814 These correlations may be compared with the following for the CFM56 Tech Insertion: Takeoff NOxEI CFM_TI = 0.0744 × OPR 1.7151 Idle COEI CFM_TI = 396.42 Takeoff NOxEI 0.814 Idle HCEI CFM_TI = 0.1609 × Idle COEI - 3.1959 TALON II takeoff NOxEI data are reproduced well by: NOxEI TALON II = 0.0167 × OPR 2.1403 TALON II gives 10% lower NOx at 26 OPR and its NOx is comparable with the CFM_TI at 34 OPR. The CFM DAC technology is competitive with LEC’s for the low rated thrust engines. However, interaction between the two domes leads to early quenching with resultant higher idle COEI plateau. On the other hand, the 40 OPR lean DAC gave 25% higher NOx than LEC. Moreover, lean DAC (Gen-1) impacted fuel burn adversely making its likelihood to continue as product discouraging. The second generation lean dome technology initially kicked off under NASA sponsorship with significantly larger funding support from the CFMI and GE Aviation (GEA) led to successful introduction of TAPS into products (GEnx-1B and Gen-2B) with potential applications in other future GEA engines.

Effect of TiO2 Particle Size on the Performance of Viologen-Anchored TiO2 Electrochromic Device

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4106-4110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Joo Kim ◽  
Hyun Ki Jeong ◽  
Jung Kyu Seo ◽  
Seung Yong Chai ◽  
Young Seok Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
Tio2 Particle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Optical Transparency ◽  
Electrochromic Device ◽  
Coloration Efficiency ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Counter Ions ◽  
Anchored Tio2

The effect of TiO2 particle size on the performance of the electrochromic device (ECD) has been investigated in this work by applying the TiO2 nanoparticles in 7, 15, and 30 nm sizes. The phosphonated viologen, bis(2-phosphonoethyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium dibromide, was anchored on the TiO2 surfaces for the construction of ECD. The ECD derived from 7 nm-sized TiO2 demonstrated the highest contrast ratio with high optical transparency, whereas it showed the slowest switching response. The enhancement of coloration efficiency with decrease of TiO2 particle size is due to the increased amount of the anchored viologen on TiO2 electrode. On the other hand, the relatively slower switching response would be caused by the difficulty of diffusion for the electrolytes and counter-ions through the small pores of the nanocrystalline TiO2 electrode derived from 7 nm-sized nanoparticles.

scholarly journals LEGAL PROTECTION TO PEOPLE'S SALT FARMER'S RELATED TO THE APPLICATION OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION NUMBER 9 YEAR 2018 CONCERNING PROCEDURES FOR IMPORT CONTROL FOR FISHERIES COMMODITY AND SALTERN AS RAW MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL HELPING MATERIALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-95
Author(s):  
Rizky Gelar Pangestu ◽  
Rizky Gelar Pangestu
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Work Team ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Salt Production ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Industrial Needs

The length of the Indonesian coastline is based on calculations from the Work Team Standardization of the Island Name reaching 99,000 (ninety nine thousand) Kilometers which indicates that there is potential for salt production in Indonesia. But not all coastlines in Indonesia can be used as salt production centers because of several factors that influence them. However, the salt production sector in Indonesia has become a means of living for businesses in the salt sector, especially the Salt Farmers, so that the salt produced is called people's salt. At present, the people's salt production has not been able to meet industrial needs because the salt specifications and quantity cannot meet the industry's needs so the solution is to import industrial salt. The enactment of Government Regulation Number 9 of 2018 concerning Procedures for Import Control for Fisheries Commodities and Concentration as Raw Materials and Industrial Assistance provides an entry way for imported salt for industrial needs. But on the other hand, people's salt production is currently in the stage of increasing quality and quantity due to weather factors that support and the application of technology that is empowered to support industrial needs are being implemented. In this case a problem arises when people's salt is unable to compete with the presence of imported salt because the industrial needs have been met by the presence of imported salt, so that with this problem the community salt farmers need legal protection in the process of marketing their salt in Indonesia.Keywords: People’s Salt; Salt Import; Protection.

scholarly journals Traditional and new raw materials for spirit beverage production

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Szymon Ługowoj ◽  
Maria Balcerek
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Production Industry

The ethanol production industry is a fast growing branch of the economy in many countries, and there is a rich tradition of spirit beverage production of many unique drinks such as Polish vodka and Starka or Irish and Scotch whisk(e)y, all of which have unique organoleptic features. This variety is possible thanks to different raw materials used for production such as rye, barley or corn and potatoes, as well as technological solutions developed over the generations of manufacturing. Rye deserves a closer look due to its low growth requirements and many different uses as well as its long tradition of cultivation, especially in Poland. On the other hand, manufacturers are currently interested in using new, original raw materials for the production of so-called craft alcohols. Buckwheat is an example of a raw material that can be successfully used in the production of original spirits.

scholarly journals Removal Efficiency and Adsorption aspects of Sand & Bagasse for Residual Surfactant from Laundry Wastewater (LW)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 7804-7808
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
The Other ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Floral Diversity

Techno-economic, sustainable and eco-friendly approaches for removal of the residual surfactants from laundry wastewater (LW) had always been a prime necessity of environment especially for floral diversity. In the present study, river sand and bagasse were used as adsorbents for removal of residual surfactant from LW via adsorption. Anionic content of surfactant of LW (treated and untreated) was determined by hyamine solution. The effect of adsorbent size, mass of adsorbent and duration of adsorption on removal efficiency was studied. Results revealed that 90 micrometer (µm) particle size, 9 grams (g) adsorbent mass and 6 minutes duration for adsorption by sand as an adsorbent reflected 97.6% removal efficiency for surfactants from LW. On the other hand, 150 µm particle size showed 99.2% removal efficiency at 0.1 g adsorbent mass for 2 minutes duration of adsorption using bagasse as an adsorbent. The cementing aspects of treated LW were also investigated and it was found that treated LW by both adsorbents was superior in all the studied properties of cementing parameters. On comparison, bagasse was much better adsorbent with respect to quantity (mass of adsorbent) as well as duration of adsorption to remove residual surfactant from LW.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF RAW MATERIALS INVENTORY SUPERVISION FOR PRODUCTION PROCESS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Bina Andari
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Inventory Control ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Good Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Unstable Product

This paper  describes the importance of the raw materials Inventory supervision for production process. The concepts described in this paper was studied using the descriptive theoretical analysis. It is concluded that (1)  Raw Materials Inventory control is highly needed by both small and big companies to take care of the production process stabilization; (2) The production process will find problems when there is no good control of the Inventory. This causes anstable production process effecting finnace of the companies. The long period of materials inventory causes campany loss. On the other hand, small amount of inventory will also cause the production processes stop. Such situation will also influence marketting and the supply to the consumers; (3) Unstable producation process will cause unstable product supply in the market, and (4) To ensure that the consumers’ needs are continuously completed, control of the raw materials inventory needs to be done and maintained.   

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