Clay Intercalated PVA-Nafion Bipolymer Matrix as Proton Conducting Nanocomposite Membrane for PEM Fuel Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 807 ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
B. Narayanamoorthy ◽  
B. Dineshkumar ◽  
S. Balaji
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposite ◽  
Nanocomposite Membranes ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Clay Materials ◽  
Sem Analyses

The amino functionalized magnesium phyllosilicate clay (AC) intercalated over PVA-Nafion hybrid nanocomposite membranes were prepared by sol-gel method. The free standing membranes were obtained by solution recasting. The composition of clay materials such as AC and montmorillonite (MMT) was varied between 2-10 wt.% with respect to PVA-Nafion content. The molecular interactions and surface morphology of nanocomposite membranes were investigated by FT-IR and SEM analyses respectively. The thermal and mechanical stabilities of nanocomposite membranes were studied using TGA and Nanoindentation techniques. For 6 wt. % AC/PVA-Nafion, TGA results showed no appreciable mass change up to 380 °C and hardness calculated from nanoindentation studies was nearly 30 % higher than the other compositions. An improved conductivity was obtained for 6 wt. % AC/PVA-Nafion (1.4×10-2 S/cm) compared to pure Nafion (1.2×10-2 S/cm) and PVA-Nafion and MMT/PVA-Nafion composite membranes. From these studies, we observed that 6 wt. % AC/PVA-Nafion membrane possessed a good conductivity with higher thermal and mechanical stabilities.

Polystyrene/Lamellar Germanium Phosphate Nanocomposite Membranes

2013 ◽  
Vol 856 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
S.K. Shakshooki ◽  
F.A. El-Akari ◽  
S.M. El-Fituri ◽  
S.S. El-Fituri
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Flat Surface ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Interlayer Spacing ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Nanocomposite Membranes ◽  
Glass Containers ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron

Novel nanosized lamellar germanium phosphate, α-Ge (HPO4)2.1.84H2O(nGeP), with interlayer spacing (d001) = 7.71Ǻ, was prepared. Preparations of polystyrene/lamellar germanium phosphate nanocomposite membranes were carried out by mixing slurry tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution of (nGeP) , of different weight percentages (2.5, 5 and 15 wt %), with (THF) solution of 5% polystyrene (PS) in concentration at 45°C with stirring for 48 hours. The resultant mixtures were poured into flat surface containers, of desired thickness, respectively, and allowed to dry in air. The resulting fully dried composites were pealed from the glass containers. The composite membranes were transparent flexible thin films and were characterized by XRD, TGA, FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Size particles of lamellar germanium phosphate calculated from XRD broadening method using the Scherrer,s equation, found to be 44.6 nm . TEM images of nanocomposites show that the (nGeP) in the nanometer scale, in the range 38-53 nm. The composite materials show to have mechanical and thermal stability properties superior to that of the original polymer, which a result of the enhancement of the thermal properties of PS/nGeP nanocomposites. The exchange capacities of the resultant composite membranes were investigated.

scholarly journals Sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) functionalized polysilsesquioxane hybrid membranes with enhanced proton conductivity

e-Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 430-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajdeep Mukherjee ◽  
Arun Kumar Mandal ◽  
Susanta Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Arylene Ether ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Solution Casting Technique ◽  
Sulfonated Poly

AbstractSulfopropylated polysilsesquioxane and –COOH containing fluorinated sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) composite membranes (SPAES-SS-X) have been prepared via an in situ sol–gel reaction through the solution casting technique. The composite membranes showed excellent thermal and chemical stability, compared to the pristine SPAES membrane. The uniform dispersion of the sulfonated SiOPS nanoparticles on the polymer matrix was observed from the scanning electron microscope images. Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images indicated significantly better phase-separated morphology and connectivity of the ionic domains of the composite membranes than the pristine SPAES membrane. The composite membranes showed considerable improvement in proton conductivity and oxidative stability than the pristine copolymer membrane under similar test conditions.

scholarly journals Efficient Chitosan/Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Membranes for Direct Alkaline Ethanol Fuel Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selestina Gorgieva ◽  
Azra Osmić ◽  
Silvo Hribernik ◽  
Mojca Božič ◽  
Jurij Svete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Nanocomposite Membranes ◽  
Ethanol Fuel ◽  
Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells ◽  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Graphene Derivatives ◽  
Doped Graphene

Herein, we prepared a series of nanocomposite membranes based on chitosan (CS) and three compositionally and structurally different N-doped graphene derivatives. Two-dimensional (2D) and quasi 1D N-doped reduced graphene oxides (N-rGO) and nanoribbons (N-rGONRs), as well as 3D porous N-doped graphitic polyenaminone particles (N-pEAO), were synthesized and characterized fully to confirm their graphitic structure, morphology, and nitrogen (pyridinic, pyrrolic, and quaternary or graphitic) group contents. The largest (0.07%) loading of N-doped graphene derivatives impacted the morphology of the CS membrane significantly, reducing the crystallinity, tensile properties, and the KOH uptake, and increasing (by almost 10-fold) the ethanol permeability. Within direct alkaline ethanol test cells, it was found that CS/N rGONRs (0.07 %) membrane (Pmax. = 3.7 mWcm−2) outperformed the pristine CS membrane significantly (Pmax. = 2.2 mWcm−2), suggesting the potential of the newly proposed membranes for application in direct ethanol fuel cells.

scholarly journals Removal of Methylene Blue and Congo Red Using Adsorptive Membrane Impregnated with Dried Ulva fasciata and Sargassum dentifolium

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Ahmed Labena ◽  
Ahmed E. Abdelhamid ◽  
Abeer S. Amin ◽  
Shimaa Husien ◽  
Liqaa Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Acrylic Fiber ◽  
Ulva Fasciata ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Sorption Time

Biosorption is a bioremediation approach for the removal of harmful dyes from industrial effluents using biological materials. This study investigated Methylene blue (M. blue) and Congo red (C. red) biosorption from model aqueous solutions by two marine macro-algae, Ulva fasciata and Sargassum dentifolium, incorporated within acrylic fiber waste to form composite membranes, Acrylic fiber-U. fasciata (AF-U) and Acrylic fiber-S. dentifolium (AF-S), respectively. The adsorption process was designed to more easily achieve the 3R process, i.e., removal, recovery, and reuse. The process of optimization was implemented through one factor at a time (OFAT) experiments, followed by a factorial design experiment to achieve the highest dye removal efficiency. Furthermore, isotherm and kinetics studies were undertaken to determine the reaction nature. FT-IR and SEM analyses were performed to investigate the properties of the membrane. The AF-U membrane showed a significant dye removal efficiency, of 88.9% for 100 ppm M. blue conc. and 79.6% for 50 ppm C. red conc. after 240 min sorption time. AF-S recorded a sorption capacity of 82.1% for 100 ppm M. blue conc. after 30 min sorption time and 85% for 100 ppm C. red conc. after 240 min contact time. The membranes were successfully applied in the 3Rs process, in which it was found that the membranes could be used for five cycles of the removal process with stable efficiency.

scholarly journals Biofoam of Spittlebug, Poophilus costalis (Walker): Preferential Sites, Temperature Regulation, Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Kitherian Sahayaraj ◽  
Balakrishnan Saranya ◽  
Samy Sayed ◽  
Loko Yêyinou Laura Estelle ◽  
Koilraj Madasamy
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
College Campus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

The foam produced by nymphs of Poophilus costalis on eleven different host plants belonging to eight families on St. Xavier’s College campus in India was studied over five months. The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of these biofoams were investigated. The results revealed that P. costalis preferred Theporsia purpurea and Mimosa pudica for laying their eggs and producing foam, over the other tested plants. P. costalis produce their foam on either nodes or internodes on monocotyledons (30%) (p < 0.05), whereas on dicotyledons, they produce more foam on the stems (63.8%) than on the leaves (6.2%) (p < 0.01). The number of nymphs in each piece of foam from P. costalis varied from 1 to 3 (mean = 1.8 per plant). They produced their foam (5.7 to 45.2 cm) from the ground level on a plant. The length and breadth of a piece of foam ranged from 1.0 to 3.9 cm and 0.6 to 4.7 cm, respectively. The foam tended to be cooler than the environment. Qualitative profiling showed that the foam consists of carbohydrates, including maltose; trypsin; amino acids; protease. The foam was also analyzed using a spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antimicrobial activity of the biofoam was the greatest against Staphylococcus aureus, the growth of which was reduced by 55.9 ± 3.9%, suggesting that the foam could be used as an antimicrobial product. However, no activities were observed against Fusarium oxysporum and Candida albicans.

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