The influence of the corpora cardiaca and substrate availability on flight speed and wing beat frequency inLocusta

1974 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Goldsworthy ◽  
A. J. Coupland
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Flight Speed ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Substrate Availability ◽  
Corpora Cardiaca ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency

Temperature Regulation of the Sphinx Moth, Manduca Sexta

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERND HEINRICH
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Flight Speed ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Free Flight ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency

1. The sphinx moth, Manduca sexta, maintained an average thoracic temperature of 40-42 °C during free flight in ambient temperatures (TA) of about 16-33 °C. In the extremes, the excess of thoracic temperature TTh over TA varied from a mean of 25 °C at 12.5 °C, to a mean of 8 °C at a TA of 35 °C. 2. During tethered flight TTh increased directly with TA, and the excess of TTh over TA varied from about 11-4 °C. 3. The oxygen consumption was about 45-50 C.C. O2/g h during free flight from ambient temperatures of 15-30 °C. During captive flight the oxygen consumption was about 21 c.c. O2/g h. 4. The wing-beat frequency and amplitude during both free flight and captive flight did not vary significantly with TA. The wing-beat frequency was about the same during free flight and captive flight but the wing-beat amplitude was significantly less in the latter. 5. The moths showed little variation of flight speed with respect to TA on the flight mill. The difference between TTh and TA was strongly correlated with flight speed at low, but not at high, TA. 6. The cooling rate of dead moths was only slightly correlated with air speeds from 2 to 5 m/s. 7. The cooling rate of thoraces without scales was 2.4 times as great as with scales intact at an air flow 2 m/s, but the cooling rate of the abdomen was only slightly increased after the removal of its scales. 8. The data suggest that the rate of metabolism during flight is altered with regard to the flight effort, but not with regard to temperature-regulation. Heat is actively dissipated from the thorax during flight at high TA, or during fast flight when TTh reaches 40 °C or above.

Changes in the wing-beat frequency of bees and wasps depending on environmental conditions: a study with optical sensors

Apidologie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio R. S. Parmezan ◽  
Vinicius M. A. Souza ◽  
Indrė Žliobaitė ◽  
Gustavo E. A. P. A. Batista
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency

scholarly journals Evolution of the wave: aerodynamic and aposematic functions of butterfly wing motion

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1612) ◽  
pp. 913-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B Srygley
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Butterfly Wing ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency ◽  
Wing Motion ◽  
Heliconius Cydno

Many unpalatable butterfly species use coloration to signal their distastefulness to birds, but motion cues may also be crucial to ward off predatory attacks. In previous research, captive passion-vine butterflies Heliconius mimetic in colour pattern were also mimetic in motion. Here, I investigate whether wing motion changes with the flight demands of different behaviours. If birds select for wing motion as a warning signal, aposematic butterflies should maintain wing motion independently of behavioural context. Members of one mimicry group ( Heliconius cydno and Heliconius sapho ) beat their wings more slowly and their wing strokes were more asymmetric than their sister-species ( Heliconius melpomene and Heliconius erato , respectively), which were members of another mimicry group having a quick and steady wing motion. Within mimicry groups, wing beat frequency declined as its role in generating lift also declined in different behavioural contexts. In contrast, asymmetry of the stroke was not associated with wing beat frequency or behavioural context—strong indication that birds process and store the Fourier motion energy of butterfly wings. Although direct evidence that birds respond to subtle differences in butterfly wing motion is lacking, birds appear to generalize a motion pattern as much as they encounter members of a mimicry group in different behavioural contexts.

Effects of the essential oil constituent thymol and other neuroactive chemicals on flight motor activity and wing beat frequency in the blowflyPhaenicia sericata

2010 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranil Waliwitiya ◽  
Peter Belton ◽  
Russell A Nicholson ◽  
Carl A Lowenberger
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency ◽  
Flight Motor

Automated electronic approaches for detecting disease vectors mosquitoes through the wing-beat frequency

2019 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 767-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego A.A. Santos ◽  
Joel J.P.C. Rodrigues ◽  
Vasco Furtado ◽  
Kashif Saleem ◽  
Valery Korotaev
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency

scholarly journals Insect wing-beat frequency automatic extraction and experimental verification with a Ku-band insect radar system

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (21) ◽  
pp. 7973-7976
Author(s):  
Tianran Zhang ◽  
XiangRong Liu ◽  
Cheng Hu ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Changjiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Radar System ◽  
Automatic Extraction ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Insect Wing ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency ◽  
Ku Band

2A2-B04 Toward a Hovering Robot with Wings : Wing Beat Frequency and Electric Power Necessary for Float

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (0) ◽  
pp. _2A2-B04_1-_2A2-B04_2
Author(s):  
Koji SHIBUYA ◽  
Kei HASEGAWA ◽  
Ryu YONEDA ◽  
Yoichi SHIOMI ◽  
Tetsuya TSUJIKAMI
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency

scholarly journals Frequency of Maximal Power Output at in vivo Myofilament Lattice Spacing Matches Drosophila Wing Beat Frequency

2011 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 12a
Author(s):  
Bertrand C.W. Tanner ◽  
Gerrie P. Farman ◽  
Thomas C. Irving ◽  
David W. Maughan ◽  
Mark S. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Lattice Spacing ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Maximal Power Output ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency ◽  
Drosophila Wing

scholarly journals Wing damage affects flight kinematics but not flower tracking performance in hummingbird hawkmoths

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara Kihlström ◽  
Brett Aiello ◽  
Eric J. Warrant ◽  
Simon Sponberg ◽  
Anna Stöckl
Keyword(s):  
Lift Force ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency ◽  
High Acceleration ◽  
Wing Damage ◽  
The Many

The integrity of their wings is crucial to the many insect species that spend distinct portions of their life in flight. How insects cope with the consequences of wing damage is therefore a central question when studying how robust flight performance is possible with such fragile chitinous wings. It has been shown in a variety of insect species that the loss in lift-force production resulting from wing damage is generally compensated by an increase in wing beat frequency rather than amplitude. The consequences of wing damage for flight performance, however, are less well understood, and vary considerably between species and behavioural tasks. One hypothesis reconciling the varying results is that wing damage might affect fast flight manoeuvres with high acceleration, but not slower ones. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of wing damage on the manoeuvrability of hummingbird hawkmoths (Macroglossum stellatarum) tracking a motorised flower. This assay allowed us to sample a range of movements at different temporal frequencies, and thus assess whether wing damage affected faster or slower flight manoeuvres. We show that hummingbird hawkmoths compensate for the loss in lift force mainly by increasing wing beat amplitude, yet with a significant contribution of wing beat frequency. We did not observe any effects of wing damage on flight manoeuvrability at either high or low temporal frequencies.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the Wing Sounds of Four Hummingbird Species that Breed in Canada

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd A. Hunter ◽  
Jaroslav Picman
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Communication Studies ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Technological Limitations ◽  
Outer Primary

Abstract In contrast to vocalizations, nonvocal avian sounds have received little attention as potential means of communication. The high wing-beat frequency of hummingbirds in concert with the modified flight feathers of some species, generate sounds with the potential to play a role in communication. Technological limitations of previous studies have compromised assessment of the acoustic characteristics and importance of these sounds. This study was designed to record and analyze the sex-specific wing sounds of four hummingbird species, in order to provide a framework for further communication studies. We collected digital recordings of hummingbirds during hover flight and analyzed these with computer-based sound software. Our results showed that (1) males of all four species had higher wing-beat frequencies than conspecific females; (2) there was greater intra- and interindividual variation in wing-beat frequency than previously documented; (3) though not specifically tested, the sexual dimorphism and interspecific differences in wing-beat frequency support previous findings that wing-beat frequency is inversely related to wing length; and (4) that digital sound analysis is a powerful new tool for detailed study of wing sounds. We provide the first description of a characteristic behavior, which we have called the ‘Cobra’, in which an individual dramatically increases its wing-beat frequency. Finally, we have significantly expanded understanding of the wing trill sound produced by the modified outer primary feathers, and have shown that female Black-chinned Hummingbirds (Archilochus alexandri) also produce wing trill components despite previous beliefs that these were unique to male hummingbirds. Características de los Sonidos de las Alas de Cuatro Especies de Picaflores que Crían en Canadá Resumen. A diferencia de las vocalizaciones, los sonidos no-vocales de las aves han recibido poca atención como medios potenciales de comunicación. Las altas frecuencias de aleteo de los picaflores, en conjunto con las plumas modificadas para el vuelo de algunas especies, generan sonidos que tienen el potencial de jugar un rol en la comunicación. Las limitaciones tecnológicas de los estudios previos han dificultado la evaluación de las características acústicas y de la importancia de estos sonidos. Este estudio fue diseñado para grabar y analizar los sonidos de las alas específicos de cada sexo en cuatro especies de picaflores con el objetivo de sentar las bases para futuros estudios de comunicación. Colectamos grabaciones digitales de picaflores durante el vuelo suspendido y las analizamos en computadoras con programas de sonido. Nuestros resultados mostraron que: (1) los machos de las cuatro especies tuvieron frecuencias de aleteo más altas que las hembras coespecíficas; (2) existió variación intra- e inter-individual en la frecuencia de aleteo mayor que la documentada previamente; (3) aunque no fue evaluado específicamente, el dimorfismo sexual y las diferencias inter-específicas en la frecuencia de aleteo apoyan hallazgos anteriores que relacionan inversamente la frecuencia de aleteo con la longitud de las alas; y (4) que el análisis digital de los sonidos es una nueva herramienta de gran utilidad para el estudio detallado de los sonidos de las alas. También brindamos la primera descripción de un comportamiento característico que nosotros llamamos ‘Cobra’, en el cual un individuo aumenta dramáticamente la frecuencia de aleteo. Finalmente, hemos incrementado de modo significativo el conocimiento del sonido producido por las plumas primarias externas modificadas y hemos mostrado que las hembras de Archilochus alexandri también producen sonidos con las alas, a pesar de que anteriormente se creía que éstos eran exclusivos de los picaflores machos.

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