Soil geochemistry in relation to water chemistry and sensitivity to acid deposition in Finnish Lapland

1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 311-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Maj K�hk�nen
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Soil Geochemistry ◽  
Finnish Lapland

Influence of Acid Deposition on Inland Water Chemistry-A Case Study from Hyogo Prefecture, Japan

2001 ◽  
pp. 1535-1540
Author(s):  
Yukio Komai ◽  
Satoshi Umemoto ◽  
Takanobu Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Inland Water ◽  
Hyogo Prefecture

scholarly journals Critical loads of sulphur and nitrogen for freshwaters in Great Britain and assessment of deposition reduction requirements with the First-order Acidity Balance (FAB) model

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Curtis ◽  
T. Allott ◽  
J. Hall ◽  
R. Harriman ◽  
R. Helliwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Critical Load ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Critical Loads ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Acid Neutralizing Capacity ◽  
First Order ◽  
Fab Model ◽  
S Deposition

Abstract. The critical loads approach is widely used within Europe to assess the impacts of acid deposition on terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Recent work in Great Britain has focused on the national application of the First-order Acidity Balance (FAB) model to a freshwaters dataset of 1470 lake and stream water chemistry samples from sites across Britain which were selected to represent the most sensitive water bodies in their corresponding 10 km grid square. A ``Critical Load Function" generated for each site is compared with the deposition load of S and N at the time of water chemistry sampling. The model predicts that when catchment processes reach steady-state with these deposition levels, increases in nitrate leaching will depress acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) below the critical threshold of 0 μeql-1 at more than a quarter of the sites sampled, i.e. the critical load of acid deposition is exceeded at these sites. The critical load exceedances are generally found in upland regions of high deposition where acidification has been previously recognised, but critical loads in large areas of western Scotland are also exceeded where little biological evidence of acidification has yet been found. There is a regional variation in the deposition reduction requirements for protection of the sampled sites. The FAB model indicates that in Scotland, most of the sampled sites could be protected by sufficiently large reductions in S deposition alone. In the English and Welsh uplands, both S and N deposition must be reduced to protect the sites. Current international commitments to reduce S deposition throughout Europe will therefore be insufficient to protect the most sensitive freshwaters in England and Wales. Keywords: critical loads; acidification; nitrate; FAB model; acid deposition

Response of Soil Water Chemistry to Simulated Changes in Acid Deposition in the Great Smoky Mountains

2011 ◽  
Vol 137 (7) ◽  
pp. 617-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meijun Cai ◽  
Amy M. Johnson ◽  
John S. Schwartz ◽  
Stephen E. Moore ◽  
Matt A. Kulp
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Great Smoky Mountains ◽  
Soil Water Chemistry ◽  
Smoky Mountains

scholarly journals Critical Loads of Acid Deposition for Wilderness Lakes in the Sierra Nevada (California) Estimated by the Steady-State Water Chemistry Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 225 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn D. Shaw ◽  
Ricardo Cisneros ◽  
Donald Schweizer ◽  
James O. Sickman ◽  
Mark E. Fenn
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Critical Loads ◽  
State Water

Past and future chemistry changes in acidified Nova Scotian Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rivers: a dynamic modeling approach

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1965-1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A Clair ◽  
Ian F Dennis ◽  
Peter G Amiro ◽  
B J Cosby
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Year 2000

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations have been extirpated from a number of rivers in Nova Scotia, Canada, as a result of acid rain. We applied the model of acidification of groundwater in catchments (MAGIC) to 35 regional rivers to estimate pre-industrial water chemistry conditions and the potential future changes in water chemistry under three acid deposition scenarios for the region. Our model results indicate that water chemistry in the study streams remained relatively unchanged until the 1950s and reached their maximum effects on pH in the mid-1970s. The main effects of acid deposition have been a decrease in pH and an increase in base cations to surface waters, as the ion-exchange processes in soils release soil cations into surface waters. We forecast future water chemistry in the rivers using three deposition scenarios: no change in sulfate deposition from year 2000 and 10% and 20% sulfate reductions per decade. We show that the more rapid the reduction in acid deposition, the faster the recovery. We also show that although stream water acidity will recover within a few decades, in most streams, base cations will not recover to pre-industrial levels within the next 100 years.

Peatland water chemistry in Central Ontario in relation to acid deposition

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 217-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Blancher ◽  
Donald K. McNicol
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Acid Deposition

scholarly journals Probable changes in lake chemistry in Canada’s Atlantic Provinces under proposed North American emission reductions

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Clair ◽  
I. F. Dennis ◽  
B. J. Cosby
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Trend Detection ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Lake Chemistry ◽  
Magic Model ◽  
The Government

Abstract. Atlantic Canada, located in the extreme north-eastern portion of North America, receives acid precipitation from all major acid emission sources on the eastern part of the continent. The region was glaciated and has thin soils over a generally poorly acid buffering bedrock. Because of regional topography, large groupings of lakes occur in a number of regions. Environment Canada and the Government of New Brunswick have operated lake sampling networks in trend detection studies and have concentrated their work on these lake groupings. The MAGIC model has been applied to these lakes and their catchments to see: a) what initial water chemistry conditions existed before acidification began, b) what the chemistry was like during the worst of regional acid deposition, and c) what it would be like under deposition conditions predicted for new Canadian and US emission reduction proposals. While pH, sulphate, acid neutralisation capacity (ANC) and the sum of the base cations (SBC) of all lakes have been significantly affected by acid deposition, water chemistry conditions are now considerably better than they were in 1975, at the worst of the deposition. However, a 50% reduction in acid deposition from Year 2000 deposition amounts will not return water chemistry to original conditions in most of the region. Keywords: Atlantic Canada, monitoring networks, acidification, predictions, MAGIC

scholarly journals Surface water acidification and critical loads: exploring the F-factor

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2191-2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rapp ◽  
K. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Critical Loads ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Lake Chemistry ◽  
F Factor

Abstract. As acid deposition decreases, uncertainties in methods for calculating critical loads become more important when judgements have to be made about whether or not further emission reductions are needed. An important aspect of one type of model that has been used to calculate surface water critical loads is the empirical F-factor which estimates the degree to which acid deposition is neutralised before it reaches a lake at any particular point in time relative to the pre-industrial, steady-state water chemistry conditions. In this paper we will examine how well the empirical F-functions are able to estimate pre-industrial lake chemistry as lake chemistry changes during different phases of acidification and recovery. To accomplish this, we use the dynamic, process-oriented biogeochemical model SAFE to generate a plausible time series of annual runoff chemistry for ca. 140 Swedish catchments between 1800 and 2100. These annual hydrochemistry data are then used to generate empirical F-factors that are compared to the "actual" F-factor seen in the SAFE data for each lake and year in the time series. The dynamics of the F-factor as catchments acidify, and then recover are not widely recognised. Our results suggest that the F-factor approach worked best during the acidification phase when soil processes buffer incoming acidity. However, the empirical functions for estimating F from contemporary lake chemistry are not well suited to the recovery phase when the F-factor turns negative due to recovery processes in the soil. This happens when acid deposition has depleted the soil store of BC, and then acid deposition declines, reducing the leaching of base cations to levels below those in the pre-industrial era. An estimate of critical load from water chemistry during recovery and empirical F functions would therefore result in critical loads that are too low. Therefore, the empirical estimates of the F-factor are a significant source of uncertainty in the estimate of surface water critical loads and related calculations for quantifying lake acidification status, especially now that acid deposition has declined across large areas of Europe and North America.

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