Influence of the state of the sea surface upon the spatial characteristics of scattered radio signals

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 804-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Kalmykov ◽  
I. E. Ostrovskii ◽  
A. D. Rozenberg ◽  
I. M. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Radio Signals

Certain characteristics of radio signals scattered by a sea surface in directions close to the direction of specular reflection

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1153-1157
Author(s):  
A. I. Kalmykov ◽  
A. S. Kurekin ◽  
V. Yu. Levantovskii ◽  
I. E. Ostrovskii ◽  
V. V. Pustovoitenko
Keyword(s):  
Specular Reflection ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Radio Signals

Space state: the beginning of new era in the evolution of statehood

2021 ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Sergey F. Udartsev
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Spatial Characteristics ◽  
New Era ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
Space Activity ◽  
Political Theories ◽  
History Of ◽  
Space State

The article substantiates that the evolution of earthly statehood naturally leads to its transformation into a cosmic statehood and opens a new era in the development of the state. The utopian nature of political theories in the history of thought is marked both by the completion of the evolution of the state with its global earthly forms, and by the abolition or withering away of the state, as well as the importance of spatial characteristics for understanding the general evolution of statehood. The article contains the beginning of a new, more powerful wave of space activity where all states participate. The reasons for the formation and features of a space state (spatial, institutional, functional, legal, scientific and technical), its possible varieties are highlighted, the possibility of different forms is noted. The purely earthly history of the modern state is coming to the end and the state will further develop as a cosmic phenomenon

State estimates and forecasts of the northern Philippine Sea circulation including ocean acoustic travel times

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Bruce D. Cornuelle ◽  
Matthew R. Mazloff ◽  
Peter F. Worcester ◽  
Matthew A. Dzieciuch
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Mesoscale Eddy ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
Philippine Sea ◽  
Institute Of Technology

AbstractThe 2010–2011 North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory (NPAL) Philippine Sea experiment measured travel times between six acoustic transceiver moorings in a 660–km diameter ocean acoustic tomography array in the Northern Philippine Sea (NPS). The travel-time series compare favorably with travel times computed for a yearlong series of state estimates produced for this region using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model–Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean four-dimensional variational (MITgcm-ECCO 4DVAR) assimilation system constrained by satellite sea surface height and sea surface temperature observations and by Argo temperature and salinity profiles. Fluctuations in the computed travel times largely match the fluctuations in the measurements caused by the intense mesoscale eddy field in the NPS, providing a powerful test of the observations and state estimates. The computed travel times tend to be shorter than the measured travel times, however, reflecting a warm bias in the state estimates. After processing the travel times to remove tidal signals and extract the low-frequency variability, the differences between the measured and computed travel times were used in addition to SSH, SST, and Argo temperature and salinity observations to further constrain the model and generate improved state estimates. The assimilation of the travel times reduced the misfit between the measured and computed travel times, while not increasing the misfits with the other assimilated observations. The state estimates that used the travel times are more consistent with temperature measurements from an independent oceanographic mooring than the state estimates that did not incorporate the travel times.

Fluctuation Statistics of Short-Wave Millimeter Waveband Radio Signals Propagating Above Sea Surface

2003 ◽  
Vol 59 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
V. G. Gutnik ◽  
N. V. Gorbach ◽  
V. N. Gorobets ◽  
L. I. Sharapov
Keyword(s):  
Short Wave ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Millimeter Waveband ◽  
Radio Signals

scholarly journals Updating a Crucial Source of Sea Surface Temperature Data

Eos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri Cook
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Climate System ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
Surface Temperature Data

A new version of a major sea surface temperature data set reduces systematic errors in measurements of one of the most important indicators of the state of Earth’s climate system.

scholarly journals Vulnerability to COVID-19 in Pernambuco, Brazil: A geospatial evaluation supported by multiple-criteria decision aid methodology

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciro José Jardim de Figueiredo ◽  
Caroline Maria de Miranda Mota ◽  
Amanda Gadelha Ferreira Rosa ◽  
Arthur Pimentel Gomes de Souza ◽  
Simone Maria da Silva Lima
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
The State ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Aid

The paper presents an innovative application to identify areas vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) considering a combination of spatial analysis and a multi-criteria learning approach. We applied this methodology in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil identifying vulnerable areas by considering a set of determinants and risk factors for COVID-19, including demographic, economic and spatial characteristics and the number of human COVID-19 infections. Examining possible patterns over a set number of days taking the number of cases recorded, we arrived at a set of compatible decision rules to explain the relation between risk factors and COVID-19 cases. The results reveal why certain municipalities are critically vulnerable to COVID-19 highlighting locations for which knowledge can be gained about environmental factors.

The Antarctic Pack Ice in Winter

1953 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 184-194
Author(s):  
H. F. P. Herdman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Pack Ice ◽  
Ice Edge ◽  
Northern Fringe ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Local Weather

AbstractA summary of the winter conditions at the edge of the pack ice around Antarctica, as observed on 16 occasions by the R.R.S. Discovery II between 1932 and 1951, is followed by a more detailed account of each visit. The state of the ice on the northern fringe of the pack is noted especially with reference to the various stages in the formation of pack ice. Detailed reference is also made on each occasion to the meteorological conditions obtaining not only during the ship’s stay on the ice edge but for 2 or 3 days beforehand. Despite the limited number of observations possible it would appear that the state or condition of the ice edge, at any one point in winter, is Iargely dependent on local weather conditions, and it is suggested that, basically, the condition of the ice edge falls into three or, possibly four main categories.Attention is drawn to the possible relationship between the sea surface temperature and the condition of the ice on the fringe of the pack but it is considered probable that the surface temperature has a greater effect on the distribution of pack ice generally, rather than on the state of the ice edge locally.

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