Algorithm for digital measurements of the signal orthogonal components

1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 918-921
Author(s):  
M. I. Malykin ◽  
M. M. Barashkov ◽  
Yu. P. Gnuchev
Keyword(s):  
Signal Orthogonal ◽  
Orthogonal Components ◽  
Digital Measurements

Simultaneous measurement of orthogonal components of polarization in a free-space propagating terahertz signal using electro-optic detection

2011 ◽  
Vol 98 (15) ◽  
pp. 151104 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Byrne ◽  
M. U. Shaukat ◽  
J. E. Cunningham ◽  
E. H. Linfield ◽  
A. G. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Orthogonal Components ◽  
Terahertz Signal

Three‐component sonde orientation in a deviated well

Geophysics ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1386-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Becquey ◽  
M. Dubesset
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Coordinate System ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Horizontal Axis ◽  
Orthogonal Coordinate System ◽  
Coordinate Rotation ◽  
Orthogonal Components ◽  
Particle Velocities

In well seismics, when operating with a three‐component tool, particle velocities are measured in the sonde coordinate system but are often needed in other systems (e.g., source‐bound or geographic). When the well is vertical, a change from the three orthogonal components of the sonde to another orthogonal coordinate system can be performed through one rotation around the vertical axis and, if necessary, another one around a horizontal axis (Hardage, 1983). If the well is deviated, the change of coordinate system remains easy in the case when the source is located at the vertical of the sonde, or in the case when the source stands in the vertical plane defined by the local well axis. In the general case (offset VSPs or walkaways) or when looking for unknown sources (such as microseismic emissions induced by hydraulic fracturing), coordinate rotation may still be performed, provided that we first get back to a situation in which one of the axes is vertical.

Taste Thresholds for Sodium Chloride in Longitudinal Experiments

1968 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy B. Mefferd ◽  
Betty A. Wieland
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Absolute Threshold ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Orthogonal Components ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
New Variables ◽  
Taste Thresholds ◽  
Linear Trends

A rapid ascending method of limits without standards was reliable for determining taste thresholds for NaCl in longitudinal experiments. Three experienced Ss made two judgments—tentative-uncertain and certain (absolute threshold) in each of five series of taste judgments daily for 120 consecutive days. To provide a means of studying functional relationships between taste and other variables, the total variance in all the judgments was partialled into several orthogonal components by means of linear components analysis. Factor scores computed from these components were correlated with a series of values derived directly from the judgments. The first component for each S consolidated the variance that arose from the average day-to-day differences in judgments, and the others isolated the variance that was due to within-day linear trends. The relation of the unrotated and rotated components was shown, and the reasons for our preference for the former were explained. The factor scores from these several components of variance may be viewed as new variables that measure these structural pools of variance and, as such, they may be correlated with any other pertinent variables such as constituents of saliva, motivation, environmental temperature, and the like. Furthermore, the estimation of the “subliminal” threshold not only was reliable, but it expands the possibility for clarification of the nature of taste percepts.

High-frequency seismic noise as a function of depth

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1101-1114
Author(s):  
Jerry A. Carter ◽  
Noel Barstow ◽  
Paul W. Pomeroy ◽  
Eric P. Chael ◽  
Patrick J. Leahy
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Seismic Noise ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Orthogonal Components ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Frequency Coherence ◽  
Cultural Noise ◽  
Natural Wind

Abstract Evidence is presented supporting the view that high-frequency seismic noise decreases with increased depth. Noise amplitudes are higher near the free surface where surface-wave noise, cultural noise, and natural (wind-induced) noise predominate. Data were gathered at a hard-rock site in the northwestern Adirondack lowlands of northern New York. Between 15- and 40-Hz noise levels at this site are more than 10 dB less at 945-m depth than they are at the surface, and from 40 to 100 Hz the difference is more than 20 dB. In addition, time variability of the spectra is shown to be greater at the surface than at either 335- or 945-m depths. Part of the difference between the surface and subsurface noise variability may be related to wind-induced noise. Coherency measurements between orthogonal components of motion show high-frequency seismic noise is more highly organized at the surface than it is at depth. Coherency measurements between the same component of motion at different vertical offsets show a strong low-frequency coherence at least up to 945-m vertical offsets. As the vertical offset decreases, the frequency band of high coherence increases.

scholarly journals Computation Over Gaussian Networks With Orthogonal Components

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 7841-7861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Woon Jeon ◽  
Chien-Yi Wang ◽  
Michael Gastpar
Keyword(s):  
Gaussian Networks ◽  
Orthogonal Components

scholarly journals 2D In-Plane Sensitive Hall-Effect Sensor

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Siya Lozanova ◽  
Ivan Kolev ◽  
Avgust Ivanov ◽  
Chavdar Roumenin
Keyword(s):  
Hall Effect ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Hall Effect Sensor ◽  
Orthogonal Components ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Outer Contact ◽  
Hall Elements ◽  
Ic Technology

A new 2D (two-dimensional) in-plane sensitive Hall-effect sensor comprising two identical n-Si Greek-crosses is presented. Each of the crosses contains one central square contact and, symmetrically to each of their four sides, an outer contact is available. Outer electrode from one configuration is connected with the respective opposite contact from the other configuration, thus forming four parallel three-contact (3C) Hall elements. These original connections provide pairs of opposite supply currents in each of the cross-Hall structure. Also the obligatory load resistors in the outer contacts of 3С Hall elements are replaced by internal resistances of crosses themselves. The samples have been implemented by IC technology, using four masks. The magnetic field is parallel to the structures’ plane. The couples of opposite contacts of each Greek-cross are the outputs for the two orthogonal components of the magnetic vector at sensitivities S ≈ 115 V/AT whereas the cross-talk is very promising, reaching no more than 2.4%. The mean lowest detected magnetic induction B at a supply current Is = 3 mA over the frequency range f ≤ 500 Hz at a signal to noise ratio equal to unity, is Bmin ≈ 14 μT.

scholarly journals A morphological study of lumbar vertebral endplates: radiographic, visual and digital measurements

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 2316-2323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Wang ◽  
Michele C. Battié ◽  
Tapio Videman
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Study ◽  
Digital Measurements ◽  
Vertebral Endplates

A Technique for Quantitative Assessment of Three-Dimensional Motion with Applications to Human Joints

1989 ◽  
Vol 203 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
N P Reddy ◽  
M J Askew ◽  
F M Baniewicz ◽  
A Melby ◽  
K A Fuller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Frames ◽  
Orthogonal Components ◽  
Human Joints ◽  
Spatial Locations

A technique is developed for quantitative measurement of general three-dimensional motion, and this technique is applied to the kinematics of anatomical joints. The spatial locations of three orthogonal points representing coordinate frames on each member of the joint are measured during motion of the joint by photo encoders of a three-dimensional mechanical pointer. Kinematic calculations are used to derive, from the experimentally collected data, the six orthogonal components of the motion of one member relative to the other. The accuracy of this technique is presented. Applications to the knee and ankle are discussed.

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