The diversity of modes of discourse and the development of sociological knowledge

The paper analyses specific features of sociological data circulation in a public space during an election campaign. The basic components of this kind of space with regard to sociological research are political actors (who put themselves up for the election), voters and agents. The latter refer to professional groups whose corporate interests are directly related to the impact on the election process. Sociologists can also be seen as agents of the electoral process when experts in the field of electoral sociology are becoming intermingled with manipulators without a proper professional background and publications in this field. In a public space where an electoral race is unfolding, empirical sociological research becomes the main form of obtaining sociological knowledge, and it is primarily conducted to measure approval ratings. Electoral research serves as an example of combining the theoretical and empirical components of sociological knowledge, as well as its professional and public dimensions. Provided that sociologists meet all the professional requirements, electoral research can be used as a good tool for evaluating the trustworthiness of results reflecting the people’s expression of will. Being producers of sociological knowledge, sociologists act in two different capacities during an election campaign: as analysts and as pollsters. Therefore, it is essential that the duties and areas of responsibility for professional sociologists should be separated from those of pollsters. Another thing that needs to be noted is the negative influence that political strategists exert on the trustworthiness of survey findings which are going to be released to the public. Using the case of approval ratings as an illustration, the author analyses the most common techniques aimed at misrepresenting and distorting sociological data in the public space. Particular attention is given to the markers that can detect bogus polling companies, systemic violations during the research process and data falsification.

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Agama dan Magi dalam Kepemimpinan Ulama Banten: Telaah terhadap Naskah Catatan Harian Abuya Muqri (1860-1959)

Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan ◽

10.31291/jlk.v17i2.679 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 383-408

Author(s):

Mahmudah Nur

Keyword(s):

Research Issue ◽

Sociological Knowledge ◽

Daily Record ◽

Important Position

This paper is the result of research on the exploration of the work of scholars (ulama) in Banten Province. The focus of this study is on the ability of Abuya Muqri in the field of religion and magic as one of the symbols of the leadership of a Kiai in the Banten region. The philology approach was used in this study to examine the authenticity of the text. As for analyzing the content of the text that is associated with this research issue, the author uses the sociological knowledge and intertextual approach to see the consistency and relationships of Abuya Muqri's thoughts or ideas in his writing, namely the Abuya Muqri’s diary as a leadership concept in the Banten region. This study shows that abilities in religion and magic are the most important indicators for clerics in the Banten region. Without both, the clerics have no important position in the Banten community. With the ability of religion and magic (the wisdom of wisdom) written in Naskah Catatan Harian Abuya Muqri, Abuya Muqri was successfully recognized as one of the famous Kiai in Banten and made it a knot of wisdom in Banten in the 20th century.Keywords: Leadership, Abuya Muqri, Religion, Magi and Abuya Muqri Daily Record Manuscripts (NHCAM) Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian mengenai eksplorasi karya ulama di Provinsi Banten. Kajian ini berfokus pada kemampuan Abuya Muqri dalam bidang agama dan magi sebagai salah satu simbol kepemimpinan seorang kiai di wilayah Banten. Pendekatan filologi digunakan dalam kajian ini untuk memeriksa otentisitas teksnya. Adapun untuk menganalisis isi teksnya yang dikaitkan dengan isu penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi pengetahuan serta intertekstual untuk melihat konsistensi dan hubungan-hubungan pemikiran atau ide Abuya Muqri dalam karya tulisnya, yaitu naskah buku catatan harian Abuya Muqri sebagai sebuah konsep kepemimpinan di wilayah Banten. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan dalam agama dan magi menjadi indikator paling penting bagi para kiai di wilayah Banten. Tanpa keduanya, para kiai tidak mempunyai kedudukan yang penting dalam masyarakat Banten. Dengan kemampuan agama dan magi (ilmu hikmah) yang tertulis dalam Naskah Catatan Harian Abuya Muqri, Abuya Muqri berhasil diakui sebagai salah satu kiai yang terkenal di Banten dan menjadikannya sebagai simpul ilmu hikmah di Banten pada abad ke-20.Kata kunci: Kepemimpian, Abuya Muqri, Agama, Magi dan Naskah Catatan Harian Abuya Muqri (NCHAM)

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Why Sociological Knowledge is not Cumulative: A Reply to Professor Freese

American Sociological Review ◽

10.2307/2093187 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 483 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David Willer ◽

Judith Willer

Keyword(s):

Sociological Knowledge

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Sociology after Fordism: Prospects and problems

European Journal of Social Theory ◽

10.1177/1368431011417937 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 537-556 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

John Holmwood

Keyword(s):

Political Economy ◽

Public Sector ◽

Social Studies ◽

Private Sector ◽

Special Interest ◽

Social Knowledge ◽

Sociological Knowledge ◽

The Public ◽

Critical Knowledge ◽

New Form

A number of commentators have suggested that the shift from a Fordist to a post-Fordist regime of political economy has had positive consequences for sociology, including the reinforcement of critical sociologies ( Burawoy, 2005 ; Steinmetz, 2005 ). This article argues that, although disciplinary hierarchies have been destabilized, what is emerging is a new form of instrumental knowledge, that of applied interdisciplinary social studies. This development has had a particular impact upon sociology. Savage and Burrows (2007) , for example, argue that sociological knowledge no longer has a privileged claim to authority and is increasingly in competition with social knowledge produced by the private sector and agencies of the public sector. The response of many sociologists to such claims has been to reassert the importance of the discipline as the purveyor of critically relevant knowledge about society. The article traces how the idea of internal critique within sociology has developed to embrace ‘knowing capitalism’ ( Thrift, 2005 ), at the same time as declaring the impossibility of sociological knowledge. The critique of sociology also becomes the critique of critique and what remains is the instrumentalization of knowledge. Where many sociologists continue to claim a special interest in critical knowledge, the article suggests that, in contrast, we potentially confront the problem that such knowledge may itself be facing a crisis of reproduction.

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Privacy-Respecting Location-Based Service Infrastructures: A Socio-Technical Approach to Requirements Engineering

Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research ◽

10.3390/jtaer2030018 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Lothar Fritsch

Keyword(s):

Information Systems ◽

Requirements Engineering ◽

Data Protection ◽

Interdisciplinary Research ◽

Boundary Object ◽

Location Based Service ◽

Technical Approach ◽

Sociological Knowledge ◽

Application Specific

This article presents an approach for the design of location-based information systems that support privacy functionality. Privacy-enhancing technology (PET) has been available for a considerable amount of time. New online applications and infrastructures for mobile and ubiquitous use have been installed. This has been done without usage of available PET, although they are favored by data protection experts. Designers of locationbased services (LBS) create infrastructures for business or application specific purposes. They have profitoriented views on the rationale for PET deployment. Finally, users have requirements that might be neither on the PET community’s nor on the business people's agenda. Many disciplines provide knowledge about the construction of community-spanning information systems. The challenge for designers of infrastructures and applications is to find a consensus that models all stakeholders’ interests – and takes advantage all involved community’s knowledge. This paper groups LBS stakeholders into a framework based onto a sociological knowledge construct called “boundary object”. For this purpose, a taxonomical analysis of publications in the stakeholder communities is performed. Then the paper proposes a socio-technical approach. Its goal is to find a suitable privacy design for a LBS infrastructure based on the boundary object. Topics for further interdisciplinary research efforts are identified and proposed for discussion.

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Mediating Access: The Utilization of Status Evaluation Processes in the Work of Bouncing

The Arbutus Review ◽

10.18357/tar41201312682 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 45-62

Author(s):

Sarah McLennan-Dillabough

Keyword(s):

Grounded Theory ◽

Social Status ◽

Social World ◽

Sociological Research ◽

Violent Behaviour ◽

Sociological Knowledge ◽

Grounded Theory Study ◽

Socially Constructed ◽

Status Characteristic ◽

Evaluative Processes

Evaluative processes play a central role in our social world. These processes are especially salient in the work of bouncing, the work carried out by security staff at establishments licensed to serve alcohol. Bouncers have the power to admit or deny patrons who seek admittance to bars and nightclubs. Although the continual evaluation of patrons’ statuses (including their social status, race, and age) is common in this line of work, little sociological research has focused on these processes. Using interviews and participant observations, this article provides a grounded theory study that aims to expand the sociological knowledge about evaluative processes in the work of bouncing. This article argues that bouncers rely on socially constructed stereotypes in their evaluations of patron attitude and dress, associating certain attitudes and dress with violent behaviour. Bouncers’ reliance on status characteristic stereotypes systematically excludes classes and races of patrons who are perceived to have characteristics associated with violence.

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SOCIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE IN THE CONCEPT OF CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION J. P. LEDARACA

SOCIOПРОСТІР ◽

10.26565/2218-2470-2020-10-02 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Social Relations ◽

Historical Memory ◽

Conflict Transformation ◽

Peace Building ◽

Social Changes ◽

Sociological Knowledge ◽

Academic Field ◽

Interdisciplinary Field ◽

Cultural Research ◽

Goals And Objectives

The spread of dialogue and conflict transformation practices in modern Ukraine creates a demand for academic, in particular sociological support of such processes. It becomes one of the tools to support relevant projects through sociological reflection of its goals and objectives, implemented practices, activities and consciousness of project participants and its audience. At present, such sociological support exists without a formed methodological basis, one of the areas of creation of which is the study of common principles of building peace and social sciences, in particular sociology. The article considers the use of sociological knowledge in the concept of conflict transformation by J.P. Lederach, in particular, his use of the concepts of identity, power, divided societies, conflict dynamics, social relations, social changes and more.In the perspective of sociological reading, building peace is seen as a process of social change, the signal of which is the need for conflict and confrontation within society, which can not be resolved in the perspective of the state approach, require a systematic vision of existing social relations and constructive intervention, finding opportunities for dialogue.The selection of sociological concepts and practices as components of the concept of peace building by J.P. Lederach contributes to the understanding of it as an interdisciplinary field of research and activity. The presented analysis demonstrates the potential of involving various academic disciplinary approaches in solving building peace tasks. In addition to conflict studies, political science, law, it can also be researched by social and historical memory studies, ethnopsychological and ethnosociological research, regional and cultural research, and so on. The academic field thus reveals its own potential for supporting peace-building processes.

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