Role of dissolved silicate in the occurrence of a phytoplankton bloom

1983 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizuo Tsunogai ◽  
Yasunori Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Dissolved Silicate

scholarly journals The role of mixotrophy in plankton bloom dynamics, and the consequences for productivity

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid C. Hammer ◽  
Jonathan W. Pitchford
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Equilibrium Structure ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Type I ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Plankton Bloom

Abstract Mixotrophy (=heterotrophy and photosynthesis by a single individual) is a common phenomenon in aquatic ecosystems, in particular under light- or nutrient-limitation. However, it is not usually considered in mathematical models of biological populations. This paper shows how different types of mixotrophy might be usefully incorporated into a general predator–prey model, and explores the consequences for plankton bloom dynamics and productivity. It is demonstrated, analytically and numerically, that even small levels of type III mixotrophy (a small fraction of the zooplankton also being involved in primary production) have significant effects on a system's equilibrium structure, stability, and short-term dynamics. Type III mixotrophy has a stabilizing effect on the system by reducing its excitability, i.e. its propensity to exhibit blooms. Compared with the non-mixotrophic benchmark, for a phytoplankton bloom to be triggered in a system with type III mixotrophy, a much larger perturbation is necessary. Type II mixotrophy (a small fraction of algae engage in phagotrophy) and type I mixotrophy (equal phagotrophy and phototrophy) are briefly discussed. The potential consequences for productivity are also studied. Our results indicate that the phytoplankton–zooplankton system becomes more productive in the presence of type III mixotrophy.

scholarly journals The importance of phytoplankton trait variability in spring bloom formation

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1908-1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra M. Lewandowska ◽  
Maren Striebel ◽  
Ulrike Feudel ◽  
Helmut Hillebrand ◽  
Ulrich Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Spring Bloom ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Phytoplankton Blooms ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
Bloom Formation ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Phytoplankton Traits ◽  
Trait Variability

Abstract About 60 years ago, the critical depth hypothesis was proposed to describe the occurrence of spring phytoplankton blooms and emphasized the role of stratification for the timing of onset. Since then, several alternative hypotheses appeared focusing on the role of grazing and mixing processes such as turbulent convection or wind activity. Surprisingly, the role of community composition—and thus the distribution of phytoplankton traits—for bloom formation has not been addressed. Here, we discuss how trait variability between competing species might influence phytoplankton growth during the onset of the spring bloom. We hypothesize that the bloom will only occur if there are species with a combination of traits fitting to the environmental conditions at the respective location and time. The basic traits for formation of the typical spring bloom are high growth rates and photoadaptation to low light conditions, but other traits such as nutrient kinetics and grazing resistance might also be important. We present concise ideas on how to test our theoretical considerations experimentally. Furthermore, we suggest that future models of phytoplankton blooms should include both water column dynamics and variability of phytoplankton traits to make realistic projections instead of treating the phytoplankton bloom as an aggregate community phenomenon.

Phytoplankton Response to Freshwater Runoff: The Diversion of the Eastmain River, James Bay

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1216-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Grant Ingram ◽  
Louis Legendre ◽  
Yvan Simard ◽  
Serge Lepage
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Tidal Amplitude ◽  
James Bay ◽  
Hydroelectric Development ◽  
Water Column Stability ◽  
Freshwater Runoff ◽  
Before And After

Phytoplankton, nutrients, and hydrodynamic conditions were regularly sampled in the estuary of the Eastmain River (Québec) and offshore in James Bay, before and after the diversion of the river for hydroelectric development on 19 July 1980. In the estuary, mean flow decreased by over 90% and the semidiurnal tidal amplitude increased significantly over a 5-d period. The most dramatic event was a major phytoplankton bloom in the river mouth, during a 10-d period of higher water column stability in late August; the cells then remained and bloomed in the thin photic layer. This stresses the role of hydrodynamics (as determined here by the freshwater runoff) in the timing of phytoplankton blooms.

The role of the Leeuwin Current and mixed layer depth on the autumn phytoplankton bloom off Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 22-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecile S.G. Rousseaux ◽  
Ryan Lowe ◽  
Ming Feng ◽  
Anya M. Waite ◽  
Peter A. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Mixed Layer Depth ◽  
Layer Depth ◽  
Leeuwin Current ◽  
Ningaloo Reef

Solubility of apatite, monazite, zircon, and rutile in supercritical aqueous fluids with implications for subduction zone geochemistry

1991 ◽  
Vol 335 (1638) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Aqueous Fluid ◽  
Element Distribution ◽  
Accessory Mineral ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Accessory Minerals ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
Dissolved Silicate

Solubilities of accessory minerals (apatite, monazite, zircon and rutile) in supercritical aqueous fluids have been measured to evaluate the role of these fluids in the mobilization of accessory mineral-hosted trace elements. We have characterized the effects on solubility of pH, X H 2 O (addition of CO 2 ), pressure ( P = 1.0-3.0 GPa), temperature ( T =800-1200 °C), and dissolved silicate and NaCl concentration. Fluorapatite solubility in pure H 2 O is low, not more than 0.4 wt% at all conditions studied, but increases strongly with decreasing pH. Changes in P, T, X H 2 O M NaCl (the molality of NaCl), and dissolved silicate concentration have comparatively little effect on apatite solubility. Monazite is even less soluble in H 2 O (not more than 0.2 wt% ). Limited data suggests that monazite solubility increases with increasing P and T and with decreasing pH, but is insensitive to M NaCl . Zircon reacts with H 2 O to form baddeleyite (ZrO 2 ) + silica-rich fluid. ZrO 2 solubility in H 2 O and 1 m HCl is less than 0.2 wt% . Zircon, and therefore ZrO 2 , solubility in quartz-saturated fluids± HCl ±NaCl and in H 2 O -CO 2 fluids is also very low. Rutile is more soluble than the other minerals examined, in the wt% range, and its solubility increases with increasing P and T . Results indicate that high P-T aqueous fluids can dissolve significant amounts of Ti but very little Zr, and little phosphate unless the fluids are acidic. In most cases, apatite, monazite and zircon will remain present during episodes of aqueous fluid metasomatism and therefore will exert control, as ‘residual phases’, over element distribution. The higher solubility of rutile relative to other accessory minerals at high pressure may result in the depletion of high field strength elements relative to large ion lithophile elements observed in subduction zone volcanics.

scholarly journals Phytoplankton dynamics driven by vertical nutrient fluxes during the spring inter-monsoon period in the northeastern South China Sea

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 6723-6755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. P. Li ◽  
Y. Dong ◽  
Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Turbulent Diffusion ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Nutrient Fluxes ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Northeastern South China Sea

Abstract. A field survey from the coastal upwelling zones to the offshore pelagic zones of the northeastern South China Sea (SCS) was conducted during the inter-monsoon period of May 2014 when the region was characterized by prevailing low-nutrient conditions. Comprehensive field measurements were made for not only hydrographic and biogeochemical properties but also phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates. We also performed estimations of the vertical turbulent diffusivity and diffusive nutrient fluxes using a Thorpe-scale method and the upwelling nutrient fluxes by Ekman pumping using satellite-derived wind stress curl. Our results suggest that phytoplankton patchiness in the northeastern SCS during the study period could be largely controlled by vertical nutrient fluxes with combined contributions from both turbulent diffusion and curl-driven upwelling. Our results also reveal the generally increasing role of turbulent diffusion but decreasing role of curl-driven upwelling on vertical transport of nutrients from the coastal upwelling zones to the offshore pelagic zones in the northeastern SCS. Elevated nutrient fluxes observed near Dongsha Island were found to support high new production leading to net growth of a diatom-rich phytoplankton community, whereas the low nutrient fluxes near southwest Taiwan resulted in a negative net community growth leading to a decline of a picoplankton-dominant phytoplankton bloom.

Dissolved Silicate Enhances the Oxidation of Chlorophenols by Permanganate: Important Role of Silicate-Stabilized MnO2 Colloids

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (16) ◽  
pp. 10279-10288
Author(s):  
Minda Yu ◽  
Xiaosong He ◽  
Beidou Xi ◽  
Ying Xiong ◽  
Zhicheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Silicate

The Role of Phytoplankton in the Dissolved Oxygen Budget of a Stratified Estuary

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 745-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Soulsby ◽  
M. Mollowney ◽  
G. Marsh ◽  
D. Lowthion
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Oxygen Budget ◽  
Mesodinium Rubrum ◽  
Stratified Estuary ◽  
Test Estuary ◽  
Good Agreement

Observations of dissolved oxygen in the Test Estuary, Southern England have shown lowest levels following a mid summer phytoplankton bloom. The bloom was dominated by the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum (Lohmann). A numerical model has been developed to calculate the water circulation, vertical mixing, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a. To obtain good agreement between observed and predicted dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a distributions, it was necessary to simulate a unique characteristic, the diurnal vertical migration of Mesodinium.

scholarly journals Intermittency in phytoplankton bloom triggered by modulations in vertical stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhavan Girijakumari Keerthi ◽  
Marina Lévy ◽  
Olivier Aumont
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Carbon Export ◽  
Vertical Stability ◽  
Web Structure ◽  
Northwestern Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Calm Weather

AbstractSeasonal surface chlorophyll (SChl) blooms are very chaotic in nature, but traditional bloom paradigms have climbed out of these subseasonal variations. Here we highlight the leading order role of wind bursts, by conjoining two decades of satellite SChl with atmospheric reanalysis in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. We demonstrate that weekly SChl fluctuations are in phase with weekly changes in wind stress and net heat flux during the intial state of the bloom in winter and early spring, thus expanding the convection shutdown hypothesis of bloom onset to subseasonal timescales. We postulate that the mechanism reflected by this link is intermittency in vertical stability due to short-term episodes of calm weather in winter or to stormy conditions in early spring, leading to short-term variations in light exposure or to events of vertical dilution. This strong intermittency in phytoplankton bloom may probably have important consequences on carbon export and trophic web structure and should not be overlooked.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document