Effect of stress on the reticular zone of the adrenal cortex

1994 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 685-688
Author(s):  
T. A. Obut
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Reticular Zone

PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMICAL FINDINGS IN THE ADRENAL CORTEX IN TWO CASES OF CONGENITAL ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERPLASIA

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIV (III) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Seelen
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Double Refraction ◽  
Lipid Distribution ◽  
Adrenocortical Hyperplasia ◽  
Reticular Zone ◽  
Foamy Cytoplasm

ABSTRACT The pathological anatomical findings in the adrenal cortex of two patients, aged 4 and 6, have been studied. Both adrenal glands had a cortex similar to that seen shortly after puberty; the reticular zone, however, was wide even for the postpuberal age. These findings are definitely anomalous for children who normally have a very poorly developed reticular zone. Hence a marked hyperplasia of this zone was present. Unlike other investigators, we found a normally developed fascicular zone with a normal foamy cytoplasm; the lipid distribution and double refraction also revealed a normal aspect. It is concluded that hyperplasia of the reticular zone is the characteristic feature of congenital adrenocortical hyperplasia and that the anomalies in cortisol synthesis are not clearly manifested in the fascicular zone.

The streaming adrenal cortex: direct evidence of centripetal migration of adrenocytes by estimation of cell turnover rate

1986 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Zajicek ◽  
I. Ariel ◽  
N. Arber
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Radial Distance ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cell Renewal ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Progenitor Compartment ◽  
Reticular Zone

ABSTRACT Thirty adult male rats were injected with 0·5 μCi [3H]thymidine/g body weight (specific activity 5 Ci/ mmol) and killed, in groups of five, 1 h and 14, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after injection. The displacement of labelled adrenocytes with time was estimated in autoradiograms of adrenal sections. The radial distance of the labelled cell from the capsule was measured with an eyepiece micrometer and expressed in cell location units, i.e. the number of cells separating the labelled cell from the capsule. One hour after labelling, 95% of labelled cells were confined to the outer quarter of the cortex. During the following days, adrenocytes were displaced inwardly, approaching the medulla at a velocity of 0·24 locations/day. They traversed the three cortex zones, reaching the medulla after 104 days. The three adrenal zones represent three differentiation states of the adrenocyte. When young, the adrenocyte secretes aldosterone, after leaving the glomerulosa it produces corticosteroids and on reaching the reticularis it produces sex hormones. The adrenal cortex is a cell renewal system made of two compartments. A progenitor compartment extending between locations 1 and 15, and a functional compartment, covering locations 16–64. The first compartment produces 0·47 cells daily, which enter the second. Half of them die on their way while the rest are eliminated in the reticular zone. The cell stream is nourished by a subcapsular stem cell. J. Endocr. (1986) 111, 477–482

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT OF VIOLATIONS OF THE ADAPTIVE MECHANISMS OF ADRENAL CALVESIN THE ACUTE COURSE OF CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS

2019 ◽  
pp. 263-267
Author(s):  
Kirillov ◽  
Zalyalov ◽  
Latipov ◽  
Sunagatov ◽  
Zakirov
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Pathological Material ◽  
Morphological Equivalent ◽  
Reticular Zone

The study was the first to assess the adaptation mechanisms disorders of the adrenals of calves in acute cryptosporidiosis. The cryptosporidiosis in patients with symptoms of diarrhea in the farms of the Republic of Tatarstan was diagnosed through formalin-ether sedimentation and following staining of infectious agents by Ziehl-Neelsen acid fast staining method. For specific identification of cryptosporidium in the feces of calves, an enzyme immunoassay kit, “H&R Crypto Rapid Test”, was used to detect cryptosporidium in feces. The agents of cryptosporidiosis of the genus Cryptosporidium were determined in pathological material taken from sick and dead at the age of 5 to 10 days calves. Histological examination of the organs and tissues of calves with the cryptosporidiosis were carried out using generally accepted method of staining of histological sections with hematoxylin and eosin. Structural studies of adrenal cortex and medulla of calves with the cryptosporidiosis revealed significant changes in synthesized hormonal products profiles. The characteristics of intense glucocorticoid biosynthesis were found in the adrenal cortex at the height of disease, as shown by a sharp expansion in zona fasciculate of the cortex, numerous small and large vacuoles in the cytoplasm of spongiocytes and enhanced profiles of capillary net. Intense excretion of glucocorticoids in hemocirculation maximally activated the catabolic processes in the organisms of sick calves. Small number of adrenocorticocytes, the predominance of small hyperchromic nuclei in them and the absence of characteristics of mitotic activity were not edinzona glomerulosa of the cortex that corresponded to the morphological equivalent of retardation of mineralcorticodes biosynthesis. There had been a dramatic increase in cells with characteristics of apotosis among adrenocorticocytes in all zones of the cortex, including the small in width reticular zone. The small catecholamine-synthesizing cells in the medullary area were represented predominantly by small with sharply clarified cytoplasm and small rounded adrenocytes nuclei and by significantly smaller amount of larger noradrenocytes. The found pathological changes in the cortex and medulla of the adrenals characterized the increase of catabolic processes, vascular, metabolic disorders in organisms of calves with the cryptosporidiosis. In view of disorders of adaptation mechanisms and limited plastic resources, a fast death was observed in newborn calves.

Ultrastructural Cytopiasmic Changes of Adrenal Cortex During Pregnancy

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
T. M. Murad ◽  
Karen Israel ◽  
Jack C. Geer
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

Adrenal steroids are normally synthesized from acetyl coenzyme A via cholesterol. Cholesterol is also shown to enter the adrenal gland and to be localized in the lipid droplets of the adrenal cortical cells. Both pregnenolone and progesterone act as intermediates in the conversion of cholesterol into steroid hormones. During pregnancy an increased level of plasma cholesterol is known to be associated with an increase of the adrenal corticoid and progesterone. The present study is designed to demonstrate whether the adrenal cortical cells show any dynamic changes during pregnancy.

Adrenocortical Ultrastructure in Ectopic Acth Syndrome

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
K. Kovacs ◽  
E. Horvath ◽  
W. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Ectopic Acth Syndrome ◽  
Pituitary Neoplasms ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Adrenocortical Cells ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Ectopic Acth ◽  
Ectopic Acth Production ◽  
Microscopic Findings

Secretion of ACTH by non-pituitary neoplasms is recognized with increasing frequency. While the clinical and biochemical changes associated with ectopic ACTH production have been extensively studied recently, relatively little attention was focused on the morphology of the adrenal cortex and, to our knowledge, the fine structure of the adrenocortical cells in cases of ectopic ACTH syndrome has not been described so far. We report here the electron microscopic findings in the adrenal cortex of a 50-year-old man with a pancreatic apudoma. The patient showed the characteristic clinical and biochemical features of ectopic ACTH syndrome and because of extensive hypercorticism, underwent bilateral adrenalectomy.By light microscopy, the adrenal cortices showed extensive compact cell hyperplasia and lipid depletion. The zona glomerulosa was present in small foci and, except for a few places, fasciculata cells were noted under the fibrous capsule.

The Adaptation of the Adrenal Cortex to Conditions of Stress which Increase the Requirement for Cortin

1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Ingle ◽  
E. C. Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex

Cytophysiology of the Adrenal Cortex

1986 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex

GENETIC VARIATION IN THE STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE MOUSE ADRENAL CORTEX

1965 ◽  
Vol 49 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S91 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. M. Shire
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Adrenal Cortex

ON THE VALUE OF SOME PARAMETERS OF ADRENOCORTICAL GLUCOCORTICOID FUNCTION

1963 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Van Der Straeten ◽  
A. Vermeulen ◽  
N. Orie ◽  
P. Regniers
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Isotope Dilution Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Steroid Excretion ◽  
Colorimetric Methods

ABSTRACT The authors studied the correlation between cortisol production, as measured by an isotope dilution method, and the urinary excretion of total and free Porter-Silber chromogens, as well as of 17-ketogenic steroids. Although a significant correlation exists between total Porter-Silber chromogens, 17-ketogenic steroid excretion and cortisol production, discrepancies are occasionally observed. Hence, different colorimetric methods should be used to assess the glucocorticoid activity of the adrenal cortex.

THE PITUITARY AND ADRENAL RESPONSES TO ADMINISTRATION OF OESTRIOL IN GONADECTOMIZED RATS

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Borglin ◽  
L. Bjersing
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Physiological Significance ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

ABSTRACT Oestriol (oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16α,17β-triol) is a weakly oestrogenic substance which, however, in contrast to what was formerly believed, is of physiological significance. Its effect is localized largely to the uterine cervix and vagina. Clinical experience argues both for and against an effect on the pituitary gland. This investigation is concerned with the morphological changes in the pituitary gland and adrenal cortex of gonadectomized male and female rats after the injection of oestriol. It was found that oestriol has the same type of action on these glands as other oestrogens, but under the experimental conditions used, this effect proved much weaker than that produced by oestradiol (oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol).

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