THE PITUITARY AND ADRENAL RESPONSES TO ADMINISTRATION OF OESTRIOL IN GONADECTOMIZED RATS

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Borglin ◽  
L. Bjersing
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Physiological Significance ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

ABSTRACT Oestriol (oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16α,17β-triol) is a weakly oestrogenic substance which, however, in contrast to what was formerly believed, is of physiological significance. Its effect is localized largely to the uterine cervix and vagina. Clinical experience argues both for and against an effect on the pituitary gland. This investigation is concerned with the morphological changes in the pituitary gland and adrenal cortex of gonadectomized male and female rats after the injection of oestriol. It was found that oestriol has the same type of action on these glands as other oestrogens, but under the experimental conditions used, this effect proved much weaker than that produced by oestradiol (oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol).

scholarly journals Expression of estrogen, estrogen related and androgen receptors in adrenal cortex of intact adult male and female rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Trejter ◽  
Karol Jopek ◽  
Piotr Celichowski ◽  
Marianna Tyczewska ◽  
Ludwik K. Malendowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Androgen Receptors ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

CORRELATION OF ADRENOCORTICAL HISTOPATHOLOGY WITH ARTERIOSCLEROSIS IN BREEDER RATS

1964 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard C. Wexler
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Severe Haemorrhage ◽  
Male And Female Rats

ABSTRACT Spontaneous arteriosclerosis develops in repeatedly bred male and female rats. Virgin rats of an age comparable to breeder rats do not develop arteriosclerosis. The arteriosclerosis becomes increasingly severe with each successive breeding. In a parallel manner, the thymus gland involutes and the adrenal glands become hypertrophied and hyperplastic with each breeding. During the early stages of the development of arteriosclerosis, the adrenal cortex shows storage of lipids. With continued breeding, the zona glomerulosa increases in width and becomes depleted of lipid. In some cases, growth of the adrenal medulla causes compression of the cortex against the capsule of the gland and the pleomorphic nature of the medullary cells resembles a phaeochromocytoma. In some female breeders with severe arteriosclerosis the adrenal cortex shows severe haemorrhage and thromboses causing marked reduction of the cortex. The histophysiological changes observed in the adrenal cortex of breeder rats are believed to be analogous to conditions seen in humans with hyperadrenocorticism or Cushing's disease. It is suggested that there may be a close correlation between the abnormal adrenal function engendered by repeated breeding and the development of the arteriosclerosis.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Effects of Acetyl-L-Carnitine on Neonatal Hypoxia Ischemia-Induced Brain Injury in Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 384-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyu Tang ◽  
Su Xu ◽  
Xin Lu ◽  
Rao P. Gullapalli ◽  
Mary C. McKenna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Behavioral Impairment ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Hypoxia Ischemia

Perinatal hypoxia ischemia (HI) is a significant cause of brain injury in surviving infants. Although hypothermia improves outcomes in some infants, additional therapies are needed since about 40% of infants still have a poor outcome. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR), an acetylated derivative of L-carnitine, protected against early changes in brain metabolites and mitochondrial function after HI on postnatal day (PND) 7 in a rat pup model of near-term HI injury. However, its efficacy in long-term structural and functional outcomes remains unexplored. We determined the efficacy of ALCAR therapy administered to rat pups after HI at PND 7, using both longitudinal in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral tests, in male and female rats. HI led to sex-specific behavioral impairment, with males exhibiting more global functional deficits than females. Interestingly, HI reduced the volume of the contralateral hemisphere in males only, suggesting that the brain injury is more diffuse in males than in females. Treatment with ALCAR improved both morphological and functional outcomes in both male and female rats. These results suggest that ALCAR may be a potential therapy for clinical use since the treatment attenuated the moderate injury produced under the experimental conditions used and improved the functional outcome in preclinical studies.

FURTHER STUDIES ON DIFFERENCES IN THE UPTAKE OF 131I-TRIIODOTHYRONINE IN THE BRAINS OF MALE AND FEMALE RATS

1964 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Ford ◽  
Marvin Hartstein ◽  
Ralph Rhines
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Cell Uptake ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT A sex difference in the uptake of T3–131I by the brain has been previously noted in white rats such that higher uptakes were routinely observed in females. It was believed that such differences in T3–131I uptake might be related to the conjugation of T3–131I to glucuronic acid, to the clearance rate of T3–131I by the liver, to a difference in the iodinated derivatives entering the blood from the liver or to the breakdown of the T3-glucuronide complex within the intestine. Investigation of these components of the enterohepatic metabolism of triiodothyronine in male and female rats revealed that there were no real sex differences at this point. Studies on the effect of testosterone propionate (TP) given either to adult or to newborn females suggest a direct effect of TP on the degradation of T3–131I. Thus, the CNS uptake of T3–131I in TP-treated adult females was reduced and more like that observed in males and the point at which the degradation rate exceeded the uptake rate occurred sooner. The effect of TP in the newborn androgen sterilized females was manifest only in the red blood cell uptake of T3, which was decreased and therefore more like that seen in males than in untreated females. It thus appears that the lower uptake of T3–131I by the male CNS is due in part at least to a higher degradation rate which decreases the amount of labeled T3 available for concentration in the brain more quickly than in the female. The female, on the other hand, has a higher plasma and RBC T3–131I level, which is apparently related to the somewhat slower degradation rate of the injected labeled hormone. From previous experiments, one might anticipate that such an elevation in available T3–131I would be associated with a slight increase in T3 uptake by nervous tissue. This was substantially what was observed. Thus, the sex difference in T3–131I uptake by the CNS of the white rat appears to be somewhat related to the intrinsic degradation rate of the injected hormone by the tissues, particularly as influenced by androgens. Other factors involving the enterohepatic circulation and metabolism of T3 may be involved, but only perhaps as influenced along with other tissues by androgens. Certainly no evidence for any sex difference in this very important area of thyroid hormone metabolism was observed under any of the experimental conditions studied here.

EFFECTS OF CLOMIPHENE ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION IN THE RAT

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somnath Roy ◽  
Virendra B. Mahesh ◽  
Robert B. Greenblatt
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Small Doses

ABSTRACT Effects of administration of clomiphene on the physiology of reproduction in male and female rats have been studied. The findings suggest that in suitable small doses this agent may stimulate the secretion of gonadotrophins (probably ICSH) from the pituitary gland, while in relatively larger doses, the secretion of hypophyseal gonadotrophins is suppressed. It does not interfere with the action of gonadotrophins on the ovary. This agent has also some oestrogenic and antioestrogenic actions.

Correlation between the activity of liver enzymes and the LD50 of parathion in the rat

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 829-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-G. Alary ◽  
J. Brodeur
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
In Vitro Degradation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

A study was undertaken to investigate a possible correlation between the acute LD50 of parathion, in weanling and adult male and female rats, and the activity of the liver enzymes involved in the in vitro metabolism of parathion and its toxic oxygen analogue, paraoxon. A close relationship was found in adult male and female rats, as well as in adult females pretreated with phenobarbital, between the LD50 and the rate of in vitro degradation of parathion by the liver under experimental conditions in which both oxidative and hydrolytic metabolism occur. On the same basis, immature rats appeared to be more sensitive to parathion than was to be expected from the ability of their livers to metabolize parathion in vitro. It is concluded that the rate of in vitro degradation of parathion by the liver is a satisfactory index of the in vivo toxicity of parathion in adult rats, but not in immature animals.

SEX STEROIDS STIMULATE THE ACTIVITY OF HYPOTHALAMIC ARYLAMIDASES IN THE RAT

1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Kuhl ◽  
Christian Rosniatowski ◽  
Siang-An Oen ◽  
Hans-Dieter Taubert
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Steroid Treatment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

ABSTRACT The effect of steroid treatment on the activity of hypothalamic arylamidases in male and female rats was investigated. A new and improved method for the assay of arylamidase activity utilizing L-α-amino acid-p-nitroanilides as substrates is presented. The influence of varying experimental conditions on the activity of hypothalamic arylamidases hydrolyzing the p-nitroanilides of cystine, glutamic acid, alanine, tyrosine, leucine, and phenylalanine, such as changes of substrate and enzyme concentration, temperature, incubation time, and pH, were tested. There was a sex-dependent response in the activity of hypothalamic arylamidases to treatment of the rats with sex steroids. In female rats, the injection of 7 μg of ethinyloestradiol was followed 16 hours later by a significant rise of L-cystine and L-glutamic acid arylamidase activity. In male rats, the injection of testosterone and of ethinyloestradiol respectively brought about a general stimulation of all enzyme activities. This indicates that this enzyme system of the male and female rat hypothalamus responds to steroid treatment of the animals with a sex-specific pattern.

1,2-3H-TESTOSTERONE: DISTRIBUTION AND UPTAKE IN NEURAL AND GENITAL TISSUES OF INTACT MALE, CASTRATE MALE AND FEMALE RATS

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Roy ◽  
K. R. Laumas
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Gland ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

ABSTRACT This report deals with a comparative study of the uptake of radioactivity in the genital, neural and other tissues of intact male, castrate male and female rats after constant infusion of radiochemically pure 1,2-3H-testosterone. Castration has been found to have a marked effect in enhancing the uptake of radioactivity in the different tissues particularly liver and kidney which have a metabolic and excretory role. Prostate and seminal vesicles, on the other hand, did not show any difference in uptake in intact and castrate rats. The uptake of testosterone and its metabolites in the prostate of intact animals was 3.46 × 10−9 m. In experiments on subcellular localization of radioactivity after constant infusion of 1,2-3H-testosterone, it was found that prostate and seminal vesicle had heavy localisation in the nuclear and 105 000 × g soluble fraction while the major localisation of radioactivity in the case of nontarget tissues like liver, intestine, muscle etc. was in the soluble fraction. Castration caused a higher uptake of radioactivity in the anterior pituitary gland, anterior and middle hypothalamus also, which could be explained on the basis of the negative feedback of the hormone. An interesting feature of the uptake of testosterone and its metabolites in the female rat was the high uptake in the anterior pituitary gland, and the various parts of the hypothalamus. These findings are discussed in light of information available on the action and feedback of sex hormones.

scholarly journals Protective effect of nicotinamide and l-arginine against monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats: gender dependence

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1334-1346
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Sztormowska-Achranowicz ◽  
Zbigniew Jankowski ◽  
Ivan Kocić
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
The Right ◽  
Gender Dependence

Abstract Background The purpose of this paper was to examine the effects of nicotinamide (ND) and l-arginine (l-ARG) on pulmonary vascular and heart changes induced by pulmonary hypertension in rats in a gender-dependent way. Methods Experiments were performed on male (M) and female (F) rats. PAH was induced via monocrotaline injection (sc, 60/kg B.W.) on day one of the 23-day observational period. After that, the animals were sacrificed, hearts removed and weighed and the papillary muscles isolated to measure force of contraction (Fc). Morphological changes of pulmonary vessels were also examined. Results Mixed diet supplementation with l-ARG + ND prevented highly significant right ventricle enlargement induced by PAH in both, male and female rats. Weight ratios between the right ventricle (RV) on one side and the left ventricle with septum on the other (LV + S) decreased from 0.46 ± 0.016 g to 0.29 ± 0.006 g in males and from 0.63 ± 0.03 g to 0.24 ± 0.008 g in females, n = 6, p < 0.001. Additionally, PAH increased basal contractility in female groups, and each of the diet allocations (l-ARG, ND, and mixed) were found to restore contractility to control values. All diet protocols in male and female restored decreased responsiveness of the myocardium to norepinephrine in hearts obtained from rats with PAH and prevented vascular changes observed in pulmonary hypertension (thickness of blood vessels and cell infiltration). Conclusion Our study suggests that l-arginine, nicotinamide or both play a positive role in right ventricle function or the process reducing pulmonary vascular remodeling especially in a gender-independent way.

Immunohistochemical localization of kallikrein within the prolactin-producing cells of the rat anterior pituitary gland

1990 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kizuki ◽  
A. Kitagawa ◽  
M. Takahashi ◽  
H. Moriya ◽  
M. Kudo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Tissue Kallikrein ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

ABSTRACT The localization of tissue kallikrein in the pituitary gland of rats was investigated by an immunohistochemical technique using antiserum against rat urinary kallikrein. Kallikrein-positive cells were detected in the anterior lobe of the pituitary of both male and female rats, but were not observed in the posterior lobe of the pituitary in either sex. The kallikrein-positive cells in the anterior pituitary of female rats in oestrus were found to correspond to the prolactin-producing cells, whereas the cells producing GH, LH and ACTH were negative for kallikrein. It is possible, therefore, that the tissue kallikrein may be involved in the production of prolactin and not that of the other anterior pituitary hormones, such as GH, LH, FSH, ACTH and TSH. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 127, 317–323

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document