Effects of tibolone or ee treatment on bone mass and bone turnover in mature ovariectomized rats

Bone mass loss (osteoporosis) seen in postmenopausal women is an adverse factor for implant denture. Using an ovariectomized rat model, we studied the mechanism of estrogen-deficiency-caused bone loss and the therapeutic effect of Zoledronic acid. We observed that ovariectomized-caused resorption of bone tissue in the mandible was evident at four weeks and had not fully recovered by 12 weeks post-ovariectomized compared with the sham-operated controls. Further evaluation with a TUNEL assay showed ovariectomized enhanced apoptosis of osteoblasts but inhibited apoptosis of osteoclasts in the mandible. Zoledronic acid given subcutaneously as a single low dose was shown to counteract both of these ovariectomized effects. Immunohistochemical staining showed that ovariectomized induced the protein levels of RANKL and the 65-kD subunit of the NF-κB complex mainly in osteoclasts, as confirmed by staining for TRAP, a marker for osteoclasts, whereas zoledronic acid inhibited these inductions. Western blotting showed that the levels of RANKL, p65, as well as the phosphorylated form of p65, and IκB-α were all higher in the ovariectomized group than in the sham and ovariectomized + zoledronic acid groups at both the 4th- and 12th-week time points in the mandible. These data collectively suggest that ovariectomized causes bone mass loss by enhancing apoptosis of osteoblasts and inhibiting apoptosis of osteoclasts. In osteoclasts, these cellular effects may be achieved by activating RANKL-NF-κB signalling. Moreover, zoledronic acid elicits its therapeutic effects in the mandible by counteracting these cellular and molecular consequences of ovariectomized.

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Combination treatment with pioglitazone and fenofibrate attenuates pioglitazone-mediated acceleration of bone loss in ovariectomized rats

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-11-0356 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 212 (2) ◽

pp. 179-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Rana Samadfam ◽

Malaika Awori ◽

Agnes Bénardeau ◽

Frieder Bauss ◽

Elena Sebokova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Trabecular Bone ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Combination Treatment ◽

Mass Gain ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Concomitant Treatment ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Ovx Rats

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ agonists, such as pioglitazone (Pio), improve glycemia and lipid profile but are associated with bone loss and fracture risk. Data regarding bone effects of PPARα agonists (including fenofibrate (Feno)) are limited, although animal studies suggest that Feno may increase bone mass. This study investigated the effects of a 13-week oral combination treatment with Pio (10 mg/kg per day)+Feno (25 mg/kg per day) on body composition and bone mass parameters compared with Pio or Feno alone in adult ovariectomized (OVX) rats, with a 4-week bone depletion period, followed by a 6-week treatment-free period. Treatment of OVX rats with Pio+Feno resulted in ∼50% lower fat mass gain compared with Pio treatment alone. Combination treatment with Pio+Feno partially prevented Pio-induced loss of bone mineral content (∼45%) and bone mineral density (BMD; ∼60%) at the lumbar spine. Similar effects of treatments were observed at the femur, most notably at sites rich in trabecular bone. At the proximal tibial metaphysis, concomitant treatment with Pio+Feno prevented Pio exacerbation of ovariectomy-induced loss of trabecular bone, resulting in BMD values in the Pio+Feno group comparable to OVX controls. Discontinuation of Pio or Feno treatment of OVX rats was associated with partial reversal of effects on bone loss or bone mass gain, respectively, while values in the Pio+Feno group remained comparable to OVX controls. These data suggest that concurrent/dual agonism of PPARγ and PPARα may reduce the negative effects of PPARγ agonism on bone mass.

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Vitamin K, bone turnover, and bone mass in girls

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/80.4.1075 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 80 (4) ◽

pp. 1075-1080 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Heidi J Kalkwarf ◽

Jane C Khoury ◽

Judy Bean ◽

James G Elliot

Keyword(s):

Bone Mass ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Vitamin K

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Reduced bone mass and increased bone turnover in postmenopausal women with epilepsy using antiepileptic drug monotherapy

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation ◽

10.1080/00365510802233442 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 68 (8) ◽

pp. 759-766 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Merete Alice Lyngstad‐Brechan ◽

Erik Taubøll ◽

Karl Otto Nakken ◽

Leif Gjerstad ◽

Kristin Godang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mass ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Antiepileptic Drug ◽

Postmenopausal Women

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Erratum to Fluoride Treatment Increased Serum IGF-1 Bone Turnover, and Bone Mass, But Not Bone Strength, in Rabbits

Calcified Tissue International ◽

10.1007/s002239900346 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 349-349 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. H. Turner ◽

L. P. Garetto ◽

A. J. Dunipace ◽

W. Zhang ◽

M. E. Wilson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mass ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Bone Strength ◽

Fluoride Treatment

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A Nonprostanoid EP4 Receptor Selective Prostaglandin E2 Agonist Restores Bone Mass and Strength in Aged, Ovariectomized Rats

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research ◽

10.1359/jbmr.051110 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 565-575 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Hua Zhu Ke ◽

D Todd Crawford ◽

Hong Qi ◽

Hollis A Simmons ◽

Thomas A Owen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mass ◽

Prostaglandin E2 ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Ep4 Receptor

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Hypothalamic leptin gene therapy reduces body weight without accelerating age-related bone loss

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-15-0280 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 227 (3) ◽

pp. 129-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Russell T Turner ◽

Michael Dube ◽

Adam J Branscum ◽

Carmen P Wong ◽

Dawn A Olson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Therapy ◽

Body Weight ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Cancellous Bone ◽

Mass Density ◽

Female Rats ◽

Bone Mass Density ◽

Age Related

Excessive weight gain in adults is associated with a variety of negative health outcomes. Unfortunately, dieting, exercise, and pharmacological interventions have had limited long-term success in weight control and can result in detrimental side effects, including accelerating age-related cancellous bone loss. We investigated the efficacy of using hypothalamic leptin gene therapy as an alternative method for reducing weight in skeletally-mature (9 months old) female rats and determined the impact of leptin-induced weight loss on bone mass, density, and microarchitecture, and serum biomarkers of bone turnover (CTx and osteocalcin). Rats were implanted with cannulae in the 3rd ventricle of the hypothalamus and injected with either recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding the gene for rat leptin (rAAV-Leptin,n=7) or a control vector encoding green fluorescent protein (rAAV-GFP,n=10) and sacrificed 18 weeks later. A baseline control group (n=7) was sacrificed at vector administration. rAAV-Leptin-treated rats lost weight (−4±2%) while rAAV-GFP-treated rats gained weight (14±2%) during the study. At study termination, rAAV-Leptin-treated rats weighed 17% less than rAAV-GFP-treated rats and had lower abdominal white adipose tissue weight (−80%), serum leptin (−77%), and serum IGF1 (−34%). Cancellous bone volume fraction in distal femur metaphysis and epiphysis, and in lumbar vertebra tended to be lower (P<0.1) in rAAV-GFP-treated rats (13.5 months old) compared to baseline control rats (9 months old). Significant differences in cancellous bone or biomarkers of bone turnover were not detected between rAAV-Leptin and rAAV-GFP rats. In summary, rAAV-Leptin-treated rats maintained a lower body weight compared to baseline and rAAV-GFP-treated rats with minimal effects on bone mass, density, microarchitecture, or biochemical markers of bone turnover.

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