Effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid concentration on somatic embryogenesis and heritable variation in soybean [Glycine max (L) merr.]

Somatic embryogenesis was induced in callus previously initiated from immature embryos of barley. These cultures ranged in age from 6 weeks to 30 months. Embryoids were readily initiated from homogenized suspension-grown aggregates when plated on modified B5 media with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Low concentrations (0.1 and 0.05 mg∙L−1) of abscisic acid promoted further maturation of embryoids, while gibberellic acid (1 mg∙L−1) and kinetin (0.1 mg∙L−1) were used in the media to encourage embryoid germination. The development of somatic embryoids from initiation through maturation and germination is described.

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Herbicide-Induced Ethylene Production: Role of the Gas in Sublethal Doses of 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450004786x ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 498-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

F. B. Abeles

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Zea Mays ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Ethylene Production ◽

Competitive Inhibitor ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Sublethal Doses ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Ethylene production was stimulated by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from light-grown corn (Zea mays L., var. XL-15) and soybeans (Glycine max Merr., var. Hawkeye). Ethylene had an inhibitory effect on the growth of corn and soybeans, but a reversal of the ethylene effect could not be clearly demonstrated using the competitive inhibitor, carbon dioxide. Ethylene did not mimic the ability of 2,4-D to cause growth curvatures. It was concluded that ethylene played a role in the activity of sublethal amounts of 2,4-D.

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Enhancing the frequency of somatic embryogenesis following Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of immature cotyledons of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill.]

In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant ◽

10.1079/ivp2004566 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 552-558 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Tae-Seok Ko ◽

Schuyler S. Korban

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation ◽

Immature Cotyledons ◽

Glycine Max L

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Regeneration of Robiniapseudoacacia via somatic embryogenesis

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x89-043 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 285-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

S. A. Merkle ◽

A. T. Wiecko

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Somatic Embryos ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Secondary Embryogenesis ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Entire Study ◽

Fruit Maturity ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Free Media

Tissue cultures were initiated from developing seeds of black locust (Robiniapseudoacacia L.) collected from three trees at weekly intervals from 1 week following anthesis until early fruit maturity. Explants were cultured on media containing 0, 2, or 4 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0 or 0.25 mg/L 6-benzyladenine. Seeds explanted onto hormone-supplemented media remained on these media for 1 or 3 weeks before being placed on hormone-free media, or were maintained on hormone-supplemented media for the entire study. Direct somatic embryogenesis was observed in a single culture, initiated from a seed collected 4 weeks after anthesis and cultured for 1 week on a medium supplemented with 4 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.25 mg/L 6-benzyladenine before transfer to basal medium. Although it could not be discerned from which part of the explant somatic embryos were derived, secondary embryogenesis continued from the radicles of cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos. Most somatic embryos were well formed, with two distinct cotyledons. Embryos germinated precociously, producing plantlets that were initially weak but later gained vigor and resembled seedlings.

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EFFICIENT CALLUS INDUCTION AND PLANT REGENERATION VIA SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS FROM IMMATURE LEAF-DERIVED PROTOPLASTS OF GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L.)

Israel Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.1080/07929978.1996.10676660 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 387-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Perumal Venkatachalam ◽

Narayanasamypillai Jayabalan

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Plant Regeneration ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Callus Cultures ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Ms Medium ◽

High Yields ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

High yields of protoplasts were obtained from immature leaves of aseptically grown plants of Arachis hypogaea using an enzyme solution containing cellulase 2.0% (w/v) and Macerozyme 1.0% (w/v) in 0.6 M mannitol. Isolated protoplasts were cultured in Kao's medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The protoplasts started to divide after 3–5 days of culture. Sustained divisions resulted in mass production of cell colonies and mini calli in 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, protoplast colonies were transferred to the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and BAP. Colonies proliferated into actively growing calli. Further attempts to regenerate plants from such calli were not successful. However, protoclones differentiated roots on the same medium. Alternative methods for plant regeneration from protoplast derived callus cultures were tried through somatic embryogenesis. Protoplast-derived calli treated with 2,4-D and BAP formed somatic embryos. Somatic embryogenesis began in the proembryo stage and proceeded from globular to dicotyledonary stage. Embryos were then transferred onto hormone-free MS medium for germination. Five to ten percent of these embryoids germinated and grew to plantlets. Regenerated plants were transferred to plastic cups and grown to maturity.

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Somatic Embryogenesis and Organogenesis in Magnolia dealbata Zucc. (Magnoliaceae), an Endangered, Endemic Mexican Species

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.5.1325 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 1325-1329 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Martín Mata-Rosas ◽

Ángel Jiménez-Rodríguez ◽

Victor M. Chávez-Avila

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Direct Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Direct Organogenesis ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Zygotic Embryos ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Magnolia Dealbata

Plants of Magnolia dealbata were regenerated from zygotic embryos through somatic embryogenesis and direct organogenesis. Medium and incubation conditions were determinating factors for the development of morphogenetic responses. Photoperiodic exposure was a limiting factor in the general development of the explants, and incubation in darkness allowed their development. The highest formation of shoots per responding explant were obtained on woody plant (WP) medium supplemented with 13.3 μM or 22.2 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) in combination with 2.26 μM or in absence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from which 2.5 shoots per explant were induced. Subcultures on WP medium, supplemented with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PUP) 40,000 1 g·L–1) avoided necrosis of explants. Somatic embryos were formed in 85% of explants cultivated on WP medium with 2,4-D (2.3 μM or 4.5 μM); 20% induced indirect embryogenesis and 65% formed direct somatic embryogenesis. The plants were transferred to soil to acclimatize under greenhouse conditions, achieving 90% survival. Somatic embryo conversion to plantlets was obtained with subculture on WP basal medium without growth regulators. In vitro culture can play a key role in the propagation and conservation of this endangered species.

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SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS IN CELL SUSPENSION CULTURE OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP)

Israel Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.1080/07929978.1995.10676624 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 385-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

S. Kulothungan ◽

A. Ganapathi ◽

A. Shajahan ◽

K. Kathiravan

Keyword(s):

Somatic Embryogenesis ◽

Liquid Medium ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Somatic Embryos ◽

Leaf Explants ◽

Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Ms Medium ◽

2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽

Seedling Leaf ◽

Cotyledonary Stage

Embryogenic callus was induced from seedling leaf explants of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. C152 on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.0 mg 1−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The maximum frequency of somatic embryogenesis was noticed when this callus was transferred to MS liquid medium supplemented with 2 mg 1−1 2,4-D. Further studies on ontogeny of somatic embryos showed that the cells destined to become somatic embryos divided into spherical or filamentous proembryos. Subsequent divisions in the proembryo led to globular, heart, torpedo-shaped, and cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos. Tiny plantlets were obtained by transferring the cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos to MS liquid medium containing 0.5 mg 1−1 2,4-D.

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