Transformation-toughening in cemented carbides: Part I. Binder composition control

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2163-2173 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Viswanadham ◽  
P. G. Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Cemented Carbides ◽  
Transformation Toughening ◽  
Composition Control ◽  
Binder Composition

scholarly journals Effect of bimodal WC particle size and binder composition on the morphology of WC grains in WC–Co–Ni3Al cemented carbides

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1747-1754
Author(s):  
Yingbiao Peng ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Jianzhan Long ◽  
Haohan Li ◽  
Bizhi Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Cemented Carbides ◽  
Binder Composition

Effect of Binder Composition on WC Grain Growth in Cemented Carbides

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 3596-3601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Pellan ◽  
Sabine Lay ◽  
Jean-Michel Missiaen ◽  
Susanne Norgren ◽  
Jenny Angseryd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Growth ◽  
Cemented Carbides ◽  
Binder Composition

scholarly journals Effect of Metallic Binder Composition on Microstructure and Hardness of (W,Ti)C Cemented Carbides

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid M. Daoush ◽  
Kyong-H. Lee ◽  
Hee-S. Park ◽  
Jong-J. Jang ◽  
Soon-H. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Cemented Carbides ◽  
Metallic Binder ◽  
Binder Composition

Sintering of High Mn Cemented Carbides in Mn-Rich Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 405 ◽  
pp. 402-407
Author(s):  
Marek Tarraste ◽  
Jakob Kübarsepp ◽  
Kristjan Juhani ◽  
Märt Kolnes ◽  
Mart Viljus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Cemented Carbides ◽  
Binder Phase ◽  
Tungsten Carbides ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Ni Alloys ◽  
Binder Composition ◽  
Austenite Stabilizer ◽  
Formation Phase ◽  
Binder Metal

The economic, environmental and healthcare aspects are pushing cemented carbide industry to reduce or even avoid the usage of conventional binder metals – nickel and cobalt. Commonly, austenitic Fe-Ni alloys have been preferred choice for substituting Co. Similar to Ni, manganese acts as austenite stabilizer and studies have shown that Fe-Mn alloys offer alternative binder metal to Co and Ni in cemented tungsten carbides. In addition, Fe-Mn as a binder potentially offers improved wear resistance due to the well-known wear properties of Fe-Mn-C steels. Addition of chromium to the binder composition increases corrosion performance of composite. Cemented carbides bonded with austenitic FeCrNi binder have demonstrated promising performance. In present work the possibility of achieving austenitic binder phase through substitution of nickel by manganese as an austenite stabilizer is investigated. Structure formation, phase composition and mechanical performance of WC-FeMn and WC-FeCrMn cemented carbides are discussed.

Transformation-toughening in cemented carbides: Part II. Thermomechanical treatments

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2175-2180 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Viswanadham ◽  
P. G. Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Cemented Carbides ◽  
Transformation Toughening

AEM investigation of ZrO2 solid solution formation in ZrO2/mullite composites

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 408-409
Author(s):  
T. R. Dinger
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transformation Toughening ◽  
Solid Solution Formation ◽  
Solution Formation ◽  
Propagating Crack ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Microcrack Toughening ◽  
Made In

Zirconia (ZrO2) is often added to ceramic compacts to increase their toughness. The mechanisms by which this toughness increase occurs are generally accepted to be those of transformation toughening and microcracking. The mechanism of transformation toughening is based on the presence of metastable tetragonal ZrO2 which transforms to the monoclinic allotrope when stressed by a propagating crack. The decrease in volume which accompanies this transformation effectively relieves the applied stress at the crack tip and toughens the material; microcrack toughening arises from the deflection of a propagating crack around sharply angular inclusions.These mechanisms, however, do not explain the toughness increases associated with the class of composites investigated here. Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) has been used to determine whether solid solution effects could be the cause of this increased toughness. Specimens of a mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2) + 15 vol. % ZrO2 were prepared by the usual technique of mechanical thinning followed by ion beam milling. All observations were made in a Philips EM400 TEM/STEM microscope fitted with EDXS and EELS spectrometers.

Microstructure of Electro-Eroded Cemented Carbide Surfaces

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
V. N. Filimonenko ◽  
M. H. Richman ◽  
J. Gurland
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Cobalt Content ◽  
Cemented Carbides ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Diamond Paste ◽  
Plastic Carbon

The high temperatures and pressures that are found in a spark gap during electrical discharging lead to a sharp phase transition and structural transformation in the surface layer of cemented carbides containing WC and cobalt. By means of X-ray diffraction both W2C and a high-temperature monocarbide of tungsten (face-centered cubic) were detected after electro-erosion. The W2C forms as a result of the peritectic reaction, WC → W2C+C. The existence and amount of the phases depend on both the energy of the electro-spark discharge and the cobalt content. In the case of a low-energy discharge (i.e. C=0.01μF, V = 300v), WC(f.c.c.) is generally formed in the surface layer. However, at high energies, (e.g. C=30μF, V = 300v), W2C is formed at the surface in preference to the monocarbide. The phase transformations in the surface layer are retarded by the presence of larger percentages of cobalt.Metallographic examination of the electro-eroded surfaces of cemented carbides was carried out on samples with 5-30% cobalt content. The specimens were first metallographically polished using diamond paste and standard procedures and then subjected to various electrical discharges on a Servomet spark machining device. The samples were then repolished and etched in a 3% NH4OH electrolyte at -0.5 amp/cm2. Two stage plastic-carbon replicas were then made and shadowed with chromium at 27°.

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