Two Trichoderma harzianum-based bio-control agents reduce tomato root infection with Spongospora subterranea (Wallr.) Lagerh., f. sp. subterranea, the vector of Potato mop-top virus

2004 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Nielsen ◽  
J. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Spongospora Subterranea ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Potato Mop Top Virus

scholarly journals Perunan maltokaariviruksen leviäminen perunakasvin eri osiin

2008 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Johanna Aura ◽  
Jari P.T. Valkonen
Keyword(s):  
Spongospora Subterranea ◽  
Potato Mop Top Virus

Perunan maltokaarivirus (Potato mop-top virus, PMTV) on Pohjoismaissa laajalle levinnyt ja vaikeastitorjuttava maalevintäinen taudinaiheuttaja. Sen levittäjänä pellolla toimii sienenkaltainen mikrobi,Spongospora subterranea, joka aiheuttaa mukuloiden pintaan kuorirokkoa. PMTV aiheuttaamukuloihin kuoliota, maltokaarioireita, ja tuottaa siten laatutappioita.PMTV tartuttaa mukuloita ja perunan juuristoa, mutta se havaitaan harvoin maanpäällisissäosissa kuten lehdissä. Siten PMTV-tartunnan havaitseminen perunakasvustossa kasvukauden aikanatai testaaminen idätettyjen mukuloiden versoista ei ole mahdollista samaan tapaan kuin muidenperunanvirusten osalta. Havaintojemme mukaan PMTV kuitenkin leviää mukulasta ituihin varastooloissa(5ºC, pimeä). Tämä viittaa siihen, että virus kykenisi sinänsä leviämään kehittyviin versoihin,mutta leviäminen estyy vielä tuntemattoman mekanismin vaikutuksesta. Tutkimuksemme tavoitteenaoli selvittää tätä mekanismia.Kasvatushuonekokeissa PMTV:n havaittiin leviävän infektoituneesta siemenmukulasta kaikkiinperunan maanalaisiin osiin: juuriin, maavarsiin sekä niihin muodostuviin mukuloihin. Lehdissä virustaoli vain hyvin vähäisiä määriä, jotka olivat niin pieniä, että ne voitiin havaita vain testaamallavirusgenomin (RNA) läsnäoloa kvantitatiivisen PCR-menetelmän avulla, mutta ei virustestaukseennormaalisti käytettävän, vasta-aineisiin perustuvan ELISA-menetelmän avulla. Itävien mukuloidenaltistaminen valolle ja korkeammalle lämpötilalle johti virusmäärien vähentymiseen iduissa. Näidentulosten pohjalta tarkastellaan lähemmin virus-RNA:han kohdentuvaa hajotusta, ns. RNA-hiljennystä,mahdollisena mekanismina, joka estää PMTV:n kerääntymistä perunan yhteyttäviin osiin.

scholarly journals Metabolomic Fingerprinting of Potato Cultivars Differing in Susceptibility to Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea Root Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3788
Author(s):  
Moleboheng Lekota ◽  
Kehumile J. Modisane ◽  
Zeno Apostolides ◽  
Jacquie E. van der Waals
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Spongospora Subterranea ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Metabolite Abundance

Plants defend themselves from pathogens by producing bioactive defense chemicals. The biochemical mechanisms relating to quantitative resistance of potato to root infection by Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea (Sss) are, however, not understood, and are not efficiently utilized in potato breeding programs. Untargeted metabolomics using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was used to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms of susceptibility to Sss root infection. Potato roots and root exudate metabolic profiles of five tolerant cultivars were compared with those of five susceptible cultivars, following Sss inoculation, to identify tolerance-related metabolites. Comparison of the relative metabolite abundance of tolerant versus susceptible cultivars revealed contrasting responses to Sss infection. Metabolites belonging to amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids, phenolics, and sugars, as well as well-known cell wall thickening compounds were putatively identified and were especially abundant in the tolerant cultivars relative to the susceptible cultivars. Metabolites known to activate plant secondary defense metabolism were significantly increased in the tolerant cultivars compared to susceptible cultivars following Sss inoculation. Root-exuded compounds belonging to the chemical class of phenolics were also found in abundance in the tolerant cultivars compared to susceptible cultivars. This study illustrated that Sss infection of potato roots leads to differential expression of metabolites in tolerant and susceptible potato cultivars.

Development of High Resolution DNA Melting Analysis for Simultaneous Detection of Potato Mop-Top Virus and Its Vector, Spongospora subterranea, in Soil

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianzhou Nie ◽  
Mathuresh Singh ◽  
Dahu Chen ◽  
Cassandra Gilchrist ◽  
Yasmine Soqrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Dna Melting ◽  
Spongospora Subterranea ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Melting Analysis ◽  
Potato Mop Top Virus ◽  
Negative Detection

In this study, a set of duplex reverse transcription (RT)-PCR-mediated high resolution DNA melting (HRM) analyses for simultaneous detection of potato mop-virus (PMTV) and its protist vector, Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea (Sss), was developed. The infestation of soil by PMTV was detected by using a tobacco-based baiting system. Total RNA extracted from the soil led to successful RT-PCR gel-electrophoresis detection of both PMTV and Sss. To facilitate more efficient detection, newly designed primer pairs for PMTV RNA species (i.e., RNA-Rep, -CP, and -TGB) were analyzed together with the existing Sss primers using real-time RT-PCR. The resulting amplicons exhibited melting profiles that could be readily differentiated. Under duplex RT-PCR format, all PMTV and Sss primer combinations led to successful detection of respective PMTV RNA species and Sss in the samples by high resolution DNA melting (HRM) analyses. When the duplex HRM assay was applied to soil samples collected from six fields at four different sites in New Brunswick, Canada, positive detection of PMTV and/or Sss was found in 63-100% samples collected from fields in which PMTV-infected tubers had been observed. In contrast, the samples from fields where neither PMTV- nor Sss-infected tubers had been observed resulted in negative detection by the assay. Bait tobacco bioassay for PMTV and Sss produced similar results. Between 63%-83% and 100% of the soil samples collected from PMTV-infested fields led to PMTV and Sss infections in the bait tobacco plants, respectively; whereas no PMTV or Sss infected plants were obtained from soil samples collected from PMTV/Sss-free fields.

Susceptibility of opium poppy and pyrethrum to root infection by Spongospora subterranea

2018 ◽  
Vol 166 (10) ◽  
pp. 694-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara J. Clark ◽  
Luke A. Rockliff ◽  
Robert S. Tegg ◽  
Mark A. Balendres ◽  
Jonathan Amponsah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opium Poppy ◽  
Spongospora Subterranea ◽  
Root Infection

scholarly journals Initial infection of roots and leaves reveals different resistance phenotypes associated with coat protein gene-mediated resistance to Potato mop-top virus

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 1201-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Germundsson ◽  
Maria Sandgren ◽  
Hugh Barker ◽  
Eugene I. Savenkov ◽  
Jari P. T. Valkonen
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Spongospora Subterranea ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
Systemic Movement ◽  
Cp Gene ◽  
Transgenic Potatoes ◽  
Potato Mop Top Virus

Resistance to the pomovirus Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) was studied in potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Saturna) and Nicotiana benthamiana transformed with the coat protein (CP) gene of PMTV. The incidence of PMTV infections was reduced in tubers of the CP-transgenic potatoes grown in the field in soil infested with the viruliferous vector, Spongospora subterranea. However, in those tubers that were infected, all three virus RNAs were detected and virus titres were high. The CP-transgenic N. benthamiana plants were inoculated with PMTV using two methods. Following mechanical inoculation of leaves, no RNA 3 (the CP-encoding RNA homologous to the transgene) was detected in leaves, but in some plants low amounts of RNA 3 were detected in roots; RNA 2 was readily detected in leaves and roots of several plants. Inoculation of roots using viruliferous S. subterranea resulted in infection of roots in all plants and the three PMTV RNAs were detected. However, no systemic movement of PMTV from roots to the above-ground parts was observed, indicating a novel expression of resistance. These data indicate that the CP gene-mediated resistance to PMTV specifically restricts accumulation of PMTV RNA 3, and is more effective in leaves than roots. Furthermore, expression of resistance is different depending on whether leaves or roots are inoculated. Data do not exclude the possibility that both a protein-mediated and an RNA-mediated resistance mechanism are involved.

scholarly journals The hrpB and hrpG Regulatory Genes of Ralstonia solanacearum Are Required for Different Stages of the Tomato Root Infection Process

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Vasse ◽  
Stéphane Genin ◽  
Pascal Frey ◽  
Christian Boucher ◽  
Belen Brito
Keyword(s):  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Phytopathogenic Bacterium ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Hrp Genes

hrp genes, encoding type III secretion machinery, have been shown to be key determinants for pathogenicity in the vascular phytopathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000. Here, we show phenotypes of R. solanacearum mutant strains disrupted in the prhJ, hrpG, or hrpB regulatory genes with respect to root infection and vascular colonization in tomato plants. Tests of bacterial colonization and enumeration in tomato plants, together with microscopic observations of tomato root sections, revealed that these strains display different phenotypes in planta. The phenotype of a prhJ mutant resembles that of the wild-type strain. An hrpB mutant shows reduced infection, colonization, and multiplication ability in planta, and induces a defense reaction similar to a vascular hypersensitive response at one protoxylem pole of invaded plants. In contrast, the hrpG mutant exhibited a wild-type level of infection at secondary root axils, but the ability of the infecting bacteria to penetrate into the vascular cylinder was significantly impaired. This indicates that bacterial multiplication at root infection sites and transit through the endodermis constitute critical stages in the infection process, in which hrpB and hrpG genes are involved. Moreover, our results suggest that the hrpG gene might control, in addition to hrp genes, other functions required for vascular colonization.

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