scholarly journals The Grassmannian-like coset model and the higher spin currents

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhyun Ahn

Abstract In the Grassmannian-like coset model, $$ \frac{\mathrm{SU}{\left(N+M\right)}_k}{\mathrm{SU}{(N)}_k\times \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{kNM\left(N+M\right)}} $$ SU N + M k SU N k × U 1 kNM N + M , Creutzig and Hikida have found the charged spin-2, 3 currents and the neutral spin-2, 3 currents previously. In this paper, as an extension of Gaberdiel-Gopakumar conjecture found ten years ago, we calculate the operator product expansion (OPE) between the charged spin-2 current and itself, the OPE between the charged spin-2 current and the charged spin-3 current and the OPE between the neutral spin-3 current and itself for generic N, M and k. From the second OPE, we obtain the new charged quasi primary spin-4 current while from the last one, the new neutral primary spin-4 current is found implicitly. The infinity limit of k in the structure constants of the OPEs is described in the context of asymptotic symmetry of MM matrix generalization of AdS3 higher spin theory. Moreover, the OPE between the charged spin-3 current and itself is determined for fixed (N, M) = (5, 4) with arbitrary k up to the third order pole. We also obtain the OPEs between charged spin-1, 2, 3 currents and neutral spin-3 current. From the last OPE, we realize that there exists the presence of the above charged quasi primary spin-4 current in the second order pole for fixed (N, M) = (5, 4). We comment on the complex free fermion realization.

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (11n12) ◽  
pp. 2050046
Author(s):  
Changhyun Ahn ◽  
Dong-gyu Kim ◽  
Man Hea Kim

By computing the operator product expansions between the first two [Formula: see text] higher spin multiplets in the unitary coset model, the (anti-)commutators of higher spin currents are obtained under the large [Formula: see text] ’t Hooft-like limit. The free field realization with complex bosons and fermions is presented. The (anti-)commutators for generic spins [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with manifest [Formula: see text] symmetry at vanishing ’t Hooft-like coupling constant are completely determined. The structure constants can be written in terms of the ones in the [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] algebra found by Bergshoeff, Pope, Romans, Sezgin and Shen previously, in addition to the spin-dependent fractional coefficients and two [Formula: see text] invariant tensors. We also describe the [Formula: see text] higher spin generators, by using the above coset construction results, for general superspin [Formula: see text] in terms of oscillators in the matrix generalization of [Formula: see text] Vasiliev higher spin theory at nonzero ’t Hooft-like coupling constant. We obtain the [Formula: see text] higher spin algebra for low spins and present how to determine the structure constants, which depend on the higher spin algebra parameter, in general, for fixed spins [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text].


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. E. Didenko ◽  
O. A. Gelfond ◽  
A. V. Korybut ◽  
M. A. Vasiliev

Abstract Higher-spin theory contains a complex coupling parameter η. Different higher-spin vertices are associated with different powers of η and its complex conjugate $$ \overline{\eta} $$ η ¯ . Using Z-dominance Lemma of [1], that controls spin-locality of the higher-spin equations, we show that the third-order contribution to the zero-form B(Z; Y; K) admits a Z-dominated form that leads to spin-local vertices in the η2 and $$ {\overline{\eta}}^2 $$ η ¯ 2 sectors of the higher-spin equations. These vertices include, in particular, the η2 and $$ {\overline{\eta}}^2 $$ η ¯ 2 parts of the ϕ4 scalar field vertex.


2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (22) ◽  
pp. 1750154
Author(s):  
Ning Wang ◽  
Linhua Xie ◽  
Chao Tu

In this paper, based on the double-spin–orbit-coupling model, the third-order perturbation formulas of the crystal field (CF) mechanism and the charge-transfer (CT) mechanism, the spin-Hamiltonian parameters ([Formula: see text] factors: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and hyperfine structure constants [Formula: see text]: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) and the optical spectra of K2SO4:Mn[Formula: see text] crystal are theoretically explained. The contributions of the CF mechanism and the CT mechanism to the spin-Hamiltonian parameters are calculated and compared, and the results show that the contribution of the CT mechanism cannot be ignored when calculating the spin-Hamiltonian parameters of crystals doped with Mn[Formula: see text] ions. Meanwhile, the local structure of the impurity ions in the crystal is studied and the CF parameters of the crystal are acquired.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhyun Ahn ◽  
Man Hea Kim

Abstract The $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 higher spin generators for general superspin s in terms of oscillators in the matrix generalization of AdS3 Vasiliev higher spin theory at nonzero μ (which is equivalent to the ’t Hooft-like coupling constant λ) were found previously. In this paper, by computing the (anti)commutators between these $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 higher spin generators for low spins s1 and s2 (s1 + s2 ≤ 11) explicitly, we determine the complete $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 higher spin algebra for generic μ. The three kinds of structure constants contain the linear combination of two different generalized hypergeometric functions. These structure constants remain the same under the transformation μ ↔ (1 − μ) up to signs. We have checked that the above $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 higher spin algebra contains the $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 2 higher spin algebra, as a subalgebra, found by Fradkin and Linetsky some time ago.


Author(s):  
Zhifeng Shao

A small electron probe has many applications in many fields and in the case of the STEM, the probe size essentially determines the ultimate resolution. However, there are many difficulties in obtaining a very small probe.Spherical aberration is one of them and all existing probe forming systems have non-zero spherical aberration. The ultimate probe radius is given byδ = 0.43Csl/4ƛ3/4where ƛ is the electron wave length and it is apparent that δ decreases only slowly with decreasing Cs. Scherzer pointed out that the third order aberration coefficient always has the same sign regardless of the field distribution, provided only that the fields have cylindrical symmetry, are independent of time and no space charge is present. To overcome this problem, he proposed a corrector consisting of octupoles and quadrupoles.


1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Carrow ◽  
Michael Mauldin

As a general index of language development, the recall of first through fourth order approximations to English was examined in four, five, six, and seven year olds and adults. Data suggested that recall improved with age, and increases in approximation to English were accompanied by increases in recall for six and seven year olds and adults. Recall improved for four and five year olds through the third order but declined at the fourth. The latter finding was attributed to deficits in semantic structures and memory processes in four and five year olds. The former finding was interpreted as an index of the development of general linguistic processes.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3194
Author(s):  
Adrian Petris ◽  
Petronela Gheorghe ◽  
Tudor Braniste ◽  
Ion Tiginyanu

The ultrafast third-order optical nonlinearity of c-plane GaN crystal, excited by ultrashort (fs) high-repetition-rate laser pulses at 1550 nm, wavelength important for optical communications, is investigated for the first time by optical third-harmonic generation in non-phase-matching conditions. As the thermo-optic effect that can arise in the sample by cumulative thermal effects induced by high-repetition-rate laser pulses cannot be responsible for the third-harmonic generation, the ultrafast nonlinear optical effect of solely electronic origin is the only one involved in this process. The third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of GaN crystal responsible for the third-harmonic generation process, an important indicative parameter for the potential use of this material in ultrafast photonic functionalities, is determined.


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