Gibberellins and Subapical Cell Divisions in Relation to Bud Set and Bud Break in Salix pentandra

Blue spruce (Piceapungens Engelm.) seedlings grown in a nursery for 1 to 5 years and seedlings grown from seed in a greenhouse under continuous light for 2 to 6 months were studied to determine (1) time to bud set on transfer to short days, (2) time to bud-break on subsequent transfer to long days, and (3) the anatomy of the dormant shoot apex. Seasonal development of the shoot apex of a single 50-year-old blue spruce was also monitored.Time to but set on transfer to short days decreased after long periods under continuous light. Time to budbreak on subsequent transfer to long days increased with increasing age in nursery- and greenhouse-grown seedlings. The dormant shoot apex became more highly differentiated as the nursery-grown seedlings aged from 1 to 3 years, then showed no significant difference after 3 years of age.The 50-year-old blue spruce initiated many new needles in the current bud before bud scale formation, which began in mid-May. Needle primordia initiation in the new bud began in late June and slowed down in late August. Apical dome diameter increased and decreased concurrently with the increase and decrease in rate of needle primordia initiation.

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Production physiology and morphology of Populus species and their hybrids grown under short rotation. I. Clonal comparisons of 4-year growth and phenology

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x92-253 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. 1937-1948 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

R. Ceulemans ◽

G. Scarascia-Mugnozza ◽

B. M. Wiard ◽

J. H. Braatne ◽

T. M. Hinckley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Mortality ◽

Volume Growth ◽

Stem Volume ◽

Clonal Variation ◽

Diameter Growth ◽

Bud Break ◽

Short Rotation ◽

Hybrid Superiority ◽

Bud Set ◽

Number Of Branches

Height and diameter growth, stem volume production, leaf phenology and leaf number, and number of branches of Populustrichocarpa Torr. & Gray, Populusdeltoides Bartr., and their F1 hybrids (P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides) were studied for 4 years in a research plantation in western Washington, United States. Twelve clones (three of each species and six of the hybrids) grew under a short-rotation silviculture regime in monoclonal plots at spacings of 1 × 1 m (10 000 stems/ha). Clones represented a north-south gradient within the geographic distribution of both the two North American poplar species and the parentage of the hybrid material. The results support earlier work by contributing additional evidence for the superiority of the hybrids. However, the relative hybrid superiority in these monoclonal plots was less pronounced than that found earlier in field trials with single-tree plots because of heightened intraclonal competition. After 4 years, mean estimated stem volume of the hybrids was 1.5 times that of P. trichocarpa and 2.3 times that of P. deltoides. Total tree height of the hybrids was 1.1 times that off. trichocarpa and 1.3 times that off. deltoides. Clonal variation was the dominant theme in height and diameter growth, stem volume productivity, time of bud break and bud set, tree mortality, and number of branches. Populustrichocarpa had the highest number of sylleptic branches, P. deltoides had the lowest, and hybrids were intermediate. Significant clone by replicate interactions were observed in height, diameter, and volume growth. Phenological traits, such as the dates of bud break and bud set, and the length of growing period only partly explained the observed differences in growth between the P. trichocarpa × P. deltoides hybrids and the parental species.

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030 GENOTYPIC AND PHENOTYPIC FIELD GROWTH CORRELATIONS OF MICROPROPAGATED SILVER MAPLE

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.5.432a ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 432a-432

Author(s):

John E. Preece ◽

Carl A. Huetteman ◽

W. Clark Ashby ◽

Paul L. Roth ◽

Richard G. Adams

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

Tree Height ◽

Bud Break ◽

Silver Maple ◽

Crown Volume ◽

In Vitro Micropropagation ◽

Bud Set ◽

Genotypic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽

Growth Correlations

Sixty clones (four clones from each of 15 provenances) were micropropagated and planted in replicated plots in lowland and upland sites in Carbondale, IL in 1991. Data were collected on tree growth, including basal caliper, height, branching, crown volume, dates of bud break, bud set, and leaf fall. There were significant and strong positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations between tree height and basal caliper throughout the three years of growth. During 1993, bud break was not significantly correlated with any growth parameters. After three years in the field, tree height was significantly negatively correlated with the amount of callus that had formed after one month during the in vitro micropropagation phase. However, all shoots that formed in vitro were of axillary origin.

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Ethylene and ethane evolution during cold acclimation and deacclimation of ponderosa pine

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x91-082 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 601-605 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Karen E. Burr ◽

Stephen J. Wallner ◽

Richard W. Tinus

Keyword(s):

Cold Acclimation ◽

Ponderosa Pine ◽

Cold Hardiness ◽

Sharp Decrease ◽

Standard Errors ◽

Bud Break ◽

Ethylene Evolution ◽

Bud Set ◽

Growth Chambers ◽

Over Time

Greenhouse container-grown ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm.) were cold acclimated and deacclimated in growth chambers during a 19-week regime. Seedling cold hardiness, bud dormancy, and ethylene and ethane evolution from excised needles were measured weekly. Ethylene and ethane evolution and the ethane/ethylene ratio declined from bud set to bud break and did not parallel changes in cold hardiness. Large standard errors of the ethylene evolution means made detecting statistical differences over time difficult. Significant deviations in the ethane evolution means were observed, however, and indicated a sharp decrease and recovery at the start of cold acclimation and a peak at the start of deacclimation. The ethane/ethylene ratio accentuated the declining trend from bud set to bud break and the two sharp deviations in the trend at the start of acclimation and deacclimation.

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Seedling cold hardiness, bud set, and bud break in nine provenances of Pinus greggii Engelm.

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.054 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 255 (11) ◽

pp. 3672-3676 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Arnulfo Aldrete ◽

J.G. Mexal ◽

Karen E. Burr

Keyword(s):

Cold Hardiness ◽

Bud Break ◽

Bud Set ◽

Pinus Greggii

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Root and Shoot Growth Response of Balled-and-Burlapped and Pot-in-Pot Sugar Maple to Transplanting at Five Phenological Growth Stages

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-26.3.171 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 171-176

Author(s):

Lisa E. Richardson-Calfee ◽

J. Roger Harris ◽

Jody K. Fanelli

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Sugar Maple ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Bud Break ◽

Phenological Stage ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Trunk Diameter ◽

Bud Set ◽

Leaf Drop ◽

B Trees

Abstract The combined effects of phenological growth stage of a tree (e.g., bud break or bud set) and production method on plant response to transplanting are not well documented. This experiment therefore examined shoot extension, trunk diameter increase, and new root length production in balled-and-burlapped (B&B) and pot-in-pot (PIP) sugar maples (Acer saccharum Marsh.) transplanted at five different phenological stages between fall 2000 and early summer 2001 (leaf drop, root quiescence, root activation, bud break, or bud set). Growth measurements were made at bud set and root quiescence in 2001 at bud set in 2002. For B&B trees, total new root length on rhizotron windows was generally greatest for trees planted at bud break and lowest for trees planted at leaf drop. Trees transplanted at leaf drop or root quiescence had the greatest trunk diameter increase, and there was no strong effect of phenological stage at planting on shoot extension. For PIP trees, evidence was weak for a phenological stage effect on post-transplant root length production and trunk diameter increase. Trees transplanted at leaf drop or bud break had the greatest shoot extension. Overall, under the well-irrigated conditions of this study, planting at bud break resulted in the most favorable transplant response for B&B trees, and PIP trees appeared to transplant with equal success at all phenological stages, including after bud set in July.

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Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Black Spruce Bud Phenology across Quebec Based on MODIS-NDVI Time Series and Field Observations

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs11232745 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (23) ◽

pp. 2745

Author(s):

Siddhartha Khare ◽

Guillaume Drolet ◽

Jean-Daniel Sylvain ◽

Maxime Charles Paré ◽

Sergio Rossi

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Time Series ◽

Satellite Remote Sensing ◽

Black Spruce ◽

Bud Break ◽

Field Observations ◽

Modis Ndvi ◽

Bud Set ◽

Ndvi Time Series ◽

Bud Phenology

Satellite remote sensing is a widely accessible tool to investigate the spatiotemporal variations in the bud phenology of evergreen species, which show limited seasonal changes in canopy greenness. However, there is a need for precise and compatible data to compare remote sensing time series with field observations. In this study, fortnightly MODIS-NDVI was fitted using double-logistic functions and calibrated using ordinal logit models with the sequential phases of bud phenology collected during 2015, 2017 and 2018 in a black spruce stand. Bud break and bud set were spatialized for the period 2009–2018 across 5000 stands in Quebec, Canada. The first phase of bud break and the last phase of bud set were observed in the field in mid-May and at the beginning of September, when NDVI was 80.5% and 92.2% of its maximum amplitude, respectively. The NDVI rate of change was estimated at 0.07 in spring and 0.04 in autumn. When spatialized on the black spruce stands, bud break was detected earlier in the southwestern regions (April–May), and later in the northeastern regions (mid to end of June). No clear trend was observed for bud set, with different patterns being detected among the years. Overall, the process bud break and bud set lasted 51 and 87 days, respectively. Our results demonstrate the potential of satellite remote sensing for providing reliable timings of bud phenological events using calibrated NDVI time series on wide regions that are remote or with limited access.

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Long-Day Induced Bud Break in Salix pentandra Is Associated with Transiently Elevated Levels of GA1 and Gradual Increase in Indole-3-Acetic Acid

Plant and Cell Physiology ◽

10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a029202 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 536-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

J. E. Olsen ◽

O. Junttila ◽

T. Moritz

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Gradual Increase ◽

Bud Break ◽

Long Day ◽

Salix Pentandra ◽

Indole 3 Acetic Acid

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Stimulated Virus Production in Vinblastine and Cytochalasin-Induced Multinucleate Cells

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100067923 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 186-187

Author(s):

Krishan Awtar

Keyword(s):

Cell Division ◽

Normal Cell ◽

Virus Production ◽

Multinucleate Cells ◽

Daughter Cells ◽

Cell Divisions ◽

Nuclear Membranes ◽

Division 2 ◽

Vinblastine Sulfate

Exposure of cells to low sublethal but mitosis-arresting doses of vinblastine sulfate (Velban) results in the initial arrest of cells in mitosis followed by their subsequent return to an “interphase“-like stage. A large number of these cells reform their nuclear membranes and form large multimicronucleated cells, some containing as many as 25 or more micronuclei (1). Formation of large multinucleate cells is also caused by cytochalasin, by causing the fusion of daughter cells at the end of an otherwise .normal cell division (2). By the repetition of this process through subsequent cell divisions, large cells with 6 or more nuclei are formed.

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