A Magnitude-Felt Area Relation in the Evaluation of the Magnitude of Historical Earthquakes

2005 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenica Termini ◽  
Antonio Teramo ◽  
Giuliana Arrigo
Keyword(s):  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Felt Area

scholarly journals Determination of parameters for historicaI British earthquakes

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. W. Musson
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Determination Of Parameters ◽  
Felt Area

Examination of 20th century data from the U.K. shows a good correlation between felt area and instrumental magnitude, producing good magnitude values for historical earthquakes where felt area is known; this is a more reliable method than using I0. The equations: ML = 1.03 log A3:; -0.19; ML = 0.92 log A4 + 0.71 give magnitude from areas within isoseismals 3 and 4 MSK. Dcpths for historical earthquakes have also been obtained using a modification of the well-known Sponheuer method, using the program MACDEP; the regional value for (á is 0.003 and depths for events with magnitude above 4 ML range from 3 to 25 km.

REEVALUATION OF THE JANUARY 2, 1912 NORTHERN ILLINOIS EARTHQUAKE: USING GIS AND COMPREHENSIVE MICROFILM ANALYSIS TO ASSESS FELT AREA, INTENSITY, AND EPICENTER

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Golden ◽  
◽  
Mallorie Gomez ◽  
Kristin T. Huysken ◽  
Kazuya Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Felt Area

scholarly journals Coupling of regional geophysics and local soil-structure models in the EQSIM fault-to-structure earthquake simulation framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 109434202110191
Author(s):  
David McCallen ◽  
Houjun Tang ◽  
Suiwen Wu ◽  
Eric Eckert ◽  
Junfei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Simulation Framework ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Computational Workflow

Accurate understanding and quantification of the risk to critical infrastructure posed by future large earthquakes continues to be a very challenging problem. Earthquake phenomena are quite complex and traditional approaches to predicting ground motions for future earthquake events have historically been empirically based whereby measured ground motion data from historical earthquakes are homogenized into a common data set and the ground motions for future postulated earthquakes are probabilistically derived based on the historical observations. This procedure has recognized significant limitations, principally due to the fact that earthquake ground motions tend to be dictated by the particular earthquake fault rupture and geologic conditions at a given site and are thus very site-specific. Historical earthquakes recorded at different locations are often only marginally representative. There has been strong and increasing interest in utilizing large-scale, physics-based regional simulations to advance the ability to accurately predict ground motions and associated infrastructure response. However, the computational requirements for simulations at frequencies of engineering interest have proven a major barrier to employing regional scale simulations. In a U.S. Department of Energy Exascale Computing Initiative project, the EQSIM application development is underway to create a framework for fault-to-structure simulations. This framework is being prepared to exploit emerging exascale platforms in order to overcome computational limitations. This article presents the essential methodology and computational workflow employed in EQSIM to couple regional-scale geophysics models with local soil-structure models to achieve a fully integrated, complete fault-to-structure simulation framework. The computational workflow, accuracy and performance of the coupling methodology are illustrated through example fault-to-structure simulations.

The Seismic Damage Investigation and Phenomenon Analysis of Space Grid Structures in Lushan Ms 7.0 Earthquake

2014 ◽  
Vol 501-504 ◽  
pp. 1535-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jue Hui Xing ◽  
Ming Lu ◽  
Hai Wang Li ◽  
Ya Min Zhao ◽  
Yan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Shell Structure ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Grid Structure ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Space Grid ◽  
Reticulated Shell Structure ◽  
Ball Joints ◽  
Damage Investigation

People remained optimistic about the safety of the space grid structures, because the seismic damages of space grid structures were quite rare and rather light. However, two space grid structures got damaged in 2013 Lushan Ms 7.0 earthquake. The two structures are the double-layer reticulated shell structure and flatbed grid structure, namely Lushan Gymnasium and Lushan Middle School Gymnasium respectively. This paper briefly reviews the seismic damage phenomena of grid structures in historical earthquakes, and then focuses on the two damaged space grid structures in Lushan earthquake. The reason why the two space grid structures got damaged are derived from the force state analysis of the rods, ball joints and bearings. Finally, we come up with the effective advice for the seismic design and construction of the space grid structure.

The Gutenberg-Richter or characteristic earthquake distribution, which is it?

1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1940-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Wesnousky
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Characteristic Earthquake ◽  
Earthquake Model ◽  
Earthquake Distribution ◽  
Fault Trace ◽  
Major Strike

Abstract Paleoearthquake and fault slip-rate data are combined with the CIT-USGS catalog for the period 1944 to 1992 to examine the shape of the magnitude-frequency distribution along the major strike-slip faults of southern California. The resulting distributions for the Newport-Inglewood, Elsinore, Garlock, and San Andreas faults are in accord with the characteristic earthquake model of fault behavior. The distribution observed along the San Jacinto fault satisfies the Gutenberg-Richter relationship. If attention is limited to segments of the San Jacinto that are marked by the rupture zones of large historical earthquakes or distinct steps in fault trace, the observed distribution along each segment is consistent with the characteristic earthquake model. The Gutenberg-Richter distribution observed for the entirety of the San Jacinto may reflect the sum of seismicity along a number of distinct fault segments, each of which displays a characteristic earthquake distribution. The limited period of instrumental recording is insufficient to disprove the hypothesis that all faults will display a Gutenberg-Richter distribution when averaged over the course of a complete earthquake cycle. But, given that (1) the last 5 decades of seismicity are the best indicators of the expected level of small to moderate-size earthquakes in the next 50 years, and (2) it is generally about this period of time that is of interest in seismic hazard and engineering analysis, the answer to the question posed in the title of the article, at least when concerned with practical implementation of seismic hazard analysis at sites along these major faults, appears to be the “characteristic earthquake distribution.”

A proposed source model for the great Kau, Hawaii, earthquake of 1868

1988 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1450-1462
Author(s):  
Max Wyss
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Recurrence Time ◽  
Sediment Layer ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Mauna Loa ◽  
Rupture Plane ◽  
Felt Area ◽  
Eastern Edge ◽  
Oceanic Sediment

Abstract On 2 April 1868, an earthquake occurred which destroyed all stone buildings in southern Hawaii. It was felt on Kauai Island at 600 km, and ground shaking of intensity VII was reported up to 130 km distance. Based on the magnitude versus felt-area relationship for Hawaii, it is estimated that the magnitude of the earthquake was about 8. The foreshock sequence lasted 5 days, and the aftershocks lasted for years to perhaps a decade. It appears that this earthquake was one of the very few largest events in historic time in the United States, excluding Alaska, but its return period is unknown. It is proposed that the source of this earthquake was slip of the upper crust towards the southeast along a near-horizontal plane at approximately 9 km depth. The rupture plane may have had dimensions of at least 50 km × 80 km. It is proposed that its eastern edge extended from near Mauna Loa's summit to the south along the volcano's southwest rift. In this model, magma intrusions into Mauna Loa and its southwest rift provide the stresses which act perpendicular to the rift and which push the volcano's southwest flank away from the edifice of the island of Hawaii. The oceanic sediment layer upon which this edifice is deposited acts as a layer of weakness containing the fault plane. This model explains the eruptive pattern of Mauna Loa and its southwest rift, as well as the growing separation between the southwest rift zones of the two volcanoes: Kilauea and Mauna Loa. Geodetic monitoring of southern Hawaii, particularly of the area between the two active volcano's southwest rifts, could test this hypothesis and lead to an estimate of the recurrence time.

10 July 1894 Istanbul Earthquake: Comparing Damages and Ground Motion Simulations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesrin Yenihayat ◽  
Eser Çaktı ◽  
Karin Şeşetyan
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Fault Simulation ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Corner Frequency ◽  
Simulation Approach ◽  
Ground Motion Simulations ◽  
Finite Fault ◽  
Intensity Map ◽  
Observed Damage

<p>One of the major earthquakes that resulted in intense damages in Istanbul and its neighborhoods took place on 10 July 1894. The 1894 earthquake resulted in 474 losses of life and 482 injuries. Around 21,000 dwellings were damaged, which is a number that corresponds to 1/7 of the total dwellings of the city at that time. Without any doubt, the exact loss of life was higher. Because of the censorship, the exact loss numbers remained unknown. There is still no consensus about its magnitude, epicentral location, and rupture of length. Even though the hardness of studying with historical records due to their uncertainties and discrepancies, researchers should enlighten the source parameters of the historical earthquakes to minimize the effect of future disasters especially for the cities located close to the most active fault lines as Istanbul. The main target of this study is to enlighten possible source properties of the 1894 earthquake with the help of observed damage distribution and stochastic ground motion simulations. In this paper, stochastic based ground motion scenarios will be performed for the 10 July 1894 Istanbul earthquake, using a finite fault simulation approach with a dynamic corner frequency and the results will be compared with our intensity map obtained from observed damage distributions. To do this, in the first step, obtained damage information from various sources has been presented, evaluated, and interpreted. Secondly, we prepared an intensity map associated with the 1894 earthquake based on macro-seismic information, and damage analysis and classification. For generating ground motions with a stochastic finite fault simulation approach, the EXSIM 2012 software has been used. Using EXSIM, several scenarios are modeled with different source, path, and site parameters. Initial source properties have been obtained from findings of our previous study on the simulation of the 26 September 2019 Silivri (Istanbul) earthquake with Mw 5.8. With the comparison of spatial distributions of the ground motion intensity parameters to the obtained damage and intensity maps, we estimate the optimum location and source parameters of the 1894 Earthquake.</p>

An empirical study of New England seismicity: 1727-1977

1979 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-175
Author(s):  
R. Street ◽  
A. Lacroix
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
New England ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
North American ◽  
Isoseismal Map ◽  
Epicentral Intensity ◽  
Felt Area ◽  
Magnitude Estimates

abstract Isoseismal map measurements and magnitudes of several recent central and northeastern North American earthquakes are related by multiple regression analysis in order that mbLg magnitudes can be estimated for those noninstrumentally-recorded New England events whose total felt area is known to be ≧10,000 km2 and which occurred after 1727. Magnitude estimates of the noninstrumentally-recorded events permit New England seismicity to be studied on a basis other than the heretofore conventional maximum epicentral intensity approach.

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