Full-scale test and finite element analysis of a wooden spiral staircase

2003 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pousette
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Full Scale Test ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Spiral Staircase

Finite element modeling of hexagonal wire reinforced embankment on soft clay

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1209-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
D T Bergado ◽  
C Teerawattanasuk ◽  
S Youwai ◽  
P Voottipruex
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Direct Shear ◽  
Full Scale Test ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Consolidation Process ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Test Embankment

A full-scale test embankment was constructed on soft Bangkok clay using hexagonal wire mesh as reinforcement. This paper attempts to simulate the behavior of the full-scale test embankment using the finite element program PLAXIS. The agreement between the finite element results and the field data is quite good. The important considerations for simulating the behavior of the reinforced wall embankment were the method of applying the embankment loading during the construction process, the variation of soil permeability during the consolidation process, and the selection of the appropriate model and properties at the interface between the soil and reinforcement. The increased reinforcement stiffness tends to increase the reinforcement tension and increase the embankment forward rotation. The reinforcement tensions increased with the compression of the underlying soft foundation. The appropriate interface properties between the backfill soil and the hexagonal wire mesh reinforcement corresponding to the interaction mechanism at working stress conditions were dominated by the direct shear mechanism. The direct shear interaction coefficient of 0.9 was used.Key words: soil reinforcement, hexagonal wire mesh, finite element analysis, field embankment.

Burst Pressure of Pressurized Cylinders With Hillside Nozzle

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Wang ◽  
Z. F. Sang ◽  
L. P. Xue ◽  
G. E. O. Widera
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Burst Pressure ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Failure Location ◽  
Dimensional Instability ◽  
Good Agreement

The burst pressure of cylinders with hillside nozzle is determined using both experimental and finite element analysis (FEA) approaches. Three full-scale test models with different angles of the hillside nozzle were designed and fabricated specifically for a hydrostatic test in which the cylinders were pressurized with water. 3D static nonlinear finite element simulations of the experimental models were performed to obtain the burst pressures. The burst pressure is defined as the internal pressure for which the structure approaches dimensional instability, i.e., unbounded strain for a small increment in pressure. Good agreement between the predicted and measured burst pressures shows that elastic-plastic finite element analysis is a viable option to estimate the burst pressure of the cylinders with hillside nozzles. The preliminary results also suggest that the failure location is near the longitudinal plane of the cylinder-nozzle intersection and that the burst pressure increases slightly with an increment in the angle of the hillside nozzle.

Design of the Full Scale Experiments for the Testing of the Tensile Strain Capacity of X52 Pipes With Girth Weld Flaws Under Internal Pressure and Tensile Displacement

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celal Cakiroglu ◽  
Samer Adeeb ◽  
J. J. Roger Cheng ◽  
Millan Sen
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Strain Capacity ◽  
Tensile Strain Capacity

Pipelines can be subjected to significant amounts of tensile forces due to geotechnical movements like slope instabilities and seismic activities as well as due to frost heave and thaw cycles in arctic regions. The tensile strain capacity εtcrit of pipelines is crucial in the prediction of rupture and loss of containment capability in these load cases. Currently the Oil and Gas Pipeline Systems code CSA Z662-11 0 contains equations for the prediction of εtcrit as a function of geometry and material properties of the pipeline. These equations resulted from extensive experimental and numerical studies carried out by Wang et al [2]–[6] using curved wide plate tests on pipes having grades X65 and higher. Verstraete et al 0 conducted curved wide plate tests at the University of Ghent which also resulted in tensile strain capacity prediction methods and girth weld flaw acceptability criteria. These criteria are included in the European Pipeline Research Group (EPRG) Tier 2 guidelines. Furthermore Verstrate et al 0 introduced a pressure correction factor of 0.5 in order to include the effect of internal pressure in the tensile strain capacity predictions in a conservative way. Further research by Wang et al with full scale pipes having an internal pressure factor of 0.72 also showed that εtcrit decreases in the presence of internal pressure [10]–[15]. In their work, Wang et al presented a clear methodology for the design of full scale experiments and numerical simulations to study the effect of internal pressure on the tensile strain capacity of pipes with girth weld flaws [10]–[15]. However, there has been limited testing to enable a precise understanding of the tensile strain capacity of pipes with grades less than X65 as a function of girth weld flaw sizes and the internal pressure. In this paper the experimental setup for the testing of grade X52 full scale specimens with 12″ diameter and ¼″ wall thickness is demonstrated. In the scope of this research 8 full scale specimens will be tested and the results will be used to formulate the tensile strain capacity of X52 pipes under internal pressure. The specimens are designed for the simultaneous application of displacement controlled tensile loading and the internal pressure. Finite element analysis is applied in the optimization process for the sizes of end plates and connection elements. Also the lengths of the full scale specimens are determined based on the results from finite element analysis. The appropriate lengths are chosen in such a way that between the location of the girth weld flaw and the end plates uniform strain zones could be obtained. The internal pressure in these experiments is ranging between pressure values causing 80% SMYS and 30% SMYS hoop stress. The end plates and connection elements of the specimens are designed in such a way that the tensile displacement load is applied with an eccentricity of 10% of the pipe diameter with the purpose of increasing the magnitude of tensile strains at the girth weld flaw location. The results of two full scale experiments of this research program are presented. The structural response from the experiments is compared to the finite element simulation. The remote strain values of the experiment are found to be higher than the εtcrit values predicted by the equations in 0.

scholarly journals Design and Calibration of a 6-Component Balance on a Bicycle Steer

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Jordi D’hondt ◽  
Sien Dieltiens ◽  
Marc Juwet
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Regression Method ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Multiple Loads ◽  
Least Square Regression ◽  
Scale Error

The present article describes the methodology used to design and calibrate a 6-component balance. This balance is utilized in an instrumented bike measuring the forces applied on the handlebars. This instrumentation bike maps all riders induced loads. In the designing process, Finite Element Analysis was used. Calibrating the balance was done using the Least Square Regression Method which allows combining multiple loads during calibration and thus requires less samples. The balance operates with a maximum full scale error of 0.53%.

An Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Axial Thermal Gradients in Flexible Pipes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dag Fergestad ◽  
Frank Klæbo ◽  
Jan Muren ◽  
Pål Hylland ◽  
Tom Are Grøv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Flexible Pipe ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Flexible Pipes ◽  
Full Scale Testing

This paper discusses the structural challenges associated with high axial temperature gradients and the corresponding internal cross section forces. A representative flexible pipe section designed for high operational temperature has been subject to full scale testing with temperature profiles obtained by external heating and cooling. The test is providing detailed insight in onset and magnitude of relative layer movements and layer forces. As part of the full-scale testing, novel methods for temperature gradient testing of unbonded flexible pipes have been developed, along with layer force- and deflection-measurement techniques. The full-scale test set-up has been subject to numerous temperature cycles of various magnitudes, gradients, absolute temperatures, as well as tension cycling to investigate possible couplings to dynamics. Extensive use of finite element analysis has efficiently supported test planning, instrumentation and execution, as well as enabling increased understanding of the structural interaction within the unbonded flexible pipe cross section. When exploiting the problem by finite element analysis, key inputs will be correct material models for the polymeric layers, and as-built dimensions/thicknesses. Finding the balance between reasonable simplification and model complexity is also a challenge, where access to high quality full-scale tests and dissected pipes coming back from operation provides good support for these decisions. Considering the extensive full scale testing, supported by advanced finite element analysis, it is evident that increased attention will be needed to document reliable operation in the most demanding high temperature flexible pipe applications.

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