Inheritance of flag-leaf angle, flag-leaf area and flag-leaf area duration in four wheat crosses

1999 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Simón
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Leaf Area Duration

Effects of varying nitrogen supply at different stages of the reproductive phase on spikelet and grain production and on grain nitrogen in wheat

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
RHM Langer ◽  
FKY Liew
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Stage Number ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Grain Nitrogen

Plants of wheat cv. Arawa confined to the main shoot were grown in solution culture in a glasshouse. Nitrogen supply was either high (150 p.p.111.) or low (15 p.p.m.) at three stages of development: between the double-ridge stage and floret initiation, between then and ear emergence, or after ear emergence, giving eight treatment combinations. Spikelet numbers were increased only by raising nitrogen supply at the doubleridge stage. Number of grains per spikelet also responded to treatment during the same period, but was greatest when high nitrogen was given until ear emergence. This response depended on the position of the spikelet within the ear, and the basal and terminal spikelets contributed least when nitrogen supply was low. Individual grain weight responded less to treatment than grain numbers. Nitrogen application had a large effect on leaf area duration, but the grain/leaf ratio (G) was depressed. Since their appeared to be no nitrogen effects on photosynthesis per unit flag leaf area, it is suggested that grain yield was controlled mainly by the capacity of the ear to accept carbohydrate, depending on the number of sites available for grain filling. Percentage grain nitrogen increased with lateness of nitrogen application. However, raising nitrogen supply before ear emergence and then decreasing it again also affected grain nitrogen in the ear, which suggests redistribution during grain filling

An analysis of the factors determining yields in crosses between semi-dwarf and taller wheat varieties

1974 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. H. Lupton ◽  
R. H. Oliver ◽  
P. Ruckenbauer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Polynomial Coefficients ◽  
Leaf Area Duration

SUMMARYThe growth and development of two semi-dwarf winter wheat varieties, of two taller varieties, and of random selections from two crosses between semi-dwarf and taller varieties were compared over 2 years. Changes with time of crop dry weight/m2, leaf area index and ear size were expressed as orthogonal polynomial regression coefficients. Significant correlations were obtained between yield, the polynomial coefficients and growth measurements relating to number of tillers and flag leaf area duration, but many of these variables were significantly correlated with each other. Multiple regression equations were therefore calculated expressing yield in terms of the variables. These showed flag leaf area duration and rate of ear growth to be the most important characters determining crop yield. The greatest reduction in total yield variance was obtained by the simultaneous consideration of characters relating to photosynthetic capacity and ear development. The significance of this finding in relation to the relative importance of ‘apos;source’ and ‘sink’ in determining grain yield are discussed.

scholarly journals Phenology, Growth, Yield and Nitrogen Uptake of Wheat in Response to Nitrogen, Potassium and Their Application Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-159
Author(s):  
Asad Ali Khan ◽  
Inamullah Khan ◽  
Muhammad Faheem Jan ◽  
Waqas Liaqat ◽  
Asim Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Application Methods

Application of macronutrients in less amount along with improper application method(s) are the major factors for low yield. Experiments were designed with the objectives to determine the optimum rate of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) along with suitable application method to minimize nutrients losses. The experimental site was New Developmental Farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar and  experiments were conducted for two consecutive years i.e. 2010-11 and 2011-12. After analysis, the results indicated that both N and K significantly affected days to phenology (anthesis and maturity). Days to phenology increased linearly with increase in rate of N and K and more days to phenology were recorded when both were at their highest rates. Similarly plant height, leaf area/tiller, flag leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area duration, grain yield, N uptake by grains and straw were increased with increasing level of N and K and attained maximum value when N and K was applied at the rate of 180 and 90 Kg/ha, respectively. Nutrients application method significantly affected plant height, leaf area/tiller, flag leaf area, grain yield and N uptake by straw and grains with maximum values for these traits were recorded when nutrients  (N and K) were applied in such a combination that 15% nutrients were supplied through foliar and 85% through soil application. Application methods had a non-significant effect on days to phenology, leaf area index and leaf area duration. It is concluded from the results that application of N and K at the rate of 180 and 90 Kg/ha respectively in such a way that 15% is applied through foliar spray and 85% through soil application improved growth, yield and N uptake of wheat crop under the semi-arid climate.    

Study on floral traits and seed setting in parental lines of hybrid rice during early ahu and kharif seasons

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aradhana Phukan ◽  
P. K. Barua ◽  
D. Sarma ◽  
S. D. Deka
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Parental Lines

Two CMS lines, IR 58025A and IR 68888A along with their maintainers and two fertility restorers, LuitR and IR 36R, were evaluated for flower and plant characters during early ahu (February-June) and kharif (July-November) seasons. IR 58025A showed longer stigmata and styles, and higher spikelet Length/Breadth (L/B) ratio while IR 68888A showed broader stigmata and wider glume opening angle in both the seasons. IR 68888A also exhibited higher pollen sterility during early ahu. IR 36R was characterized with broad anthers. LuitR showed longer and broader anthers with more pollen than others. Plant height, flag leaf length, flag leaf width and area were higher in IR 36R. Panicle exsertion was complete in pollen parents whereas it was 78-80% in CMS lines. The widest flag leaf angle was found in IR 58025B during early Ahu and in IR 36R during kharif. Kharif season was more favourable for growth of the plants with higher seed set percentage while floral traits of the CMS lines were better expressed in early Ahu. Manipulation of the seeding sequence of the parental lines in early Ahu is warranted for better seed set provided the seed crop escapes heavy premonsoon showers during reproductive stage. IR 68888A/LuitR was a good combination for pollen dispersal and seed setting.

scholarly journals Detection of QTLs for Outcrossing-Related Traits in CSSL Population Derived from Primitive Japonica Accession Ludao in the Genetic Background of O. sativa spp. Japonica Restorer C-bao Using RSTEP-LRT Method

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Lal Bux ◽  
Dalu Li ◽  
Muhammad Faheem ◽  
Nour Ali ◽  
Muzafar Hussain Sirohi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Cms Line

The outcrossing traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) affect the yield of hybrid seed production. Using a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line with good outcrossing traits, such as short flag leaf length (FLL), narrow flag leaf width (FLW), wide flag leaf angle (FLA), and elongated panicle neck length (PNL), for hybrid rice seed production, it is possible to avoid the procedure of cutting flag leaves and make the supplementary pollination feasible by machine. In this study, a japonica restorer C-bao as the receptor parent and a primitive japonica accession Ludao as the donor parent were used to construct a chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) population. The CSSL population was used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the four outcrossing traits using a likelihood ratio test based on the stepwise regression (RSTEP-LRT) method. The CSSL population constructed consisted of 163 lines covering 90.7% of the donor genome. Among the seven QTLs detected in the CSSL population, four QTLs were detected in both years. qFLL-4 explained 6.70% of the two-year-averaged phenotypic variance, and the alleles from Ludao decreased FLL 5.1 cm. qFLA-1.1 and qFLA-1.2 explained 7.85% and 21.29% of the 2-year-averaged phenotypic variance respectively, and the alleles from Ludao increased FLA 17.38° and 31.50°. qPNL-8 explained 8.87% of the 2-year-averaged phenotypic variance, and the alleles from Ludao increased PNL 4.44 cm. These favorable alleles identified could be used to improve the outcrossing traits of parents for hybrid rice seed production in rice.

Effects of Plant Density and Thinning on High-Yielding Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Mexíco

1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aguilar M. Immer ◽  
R. A. Fischer ◽  
Joshue Kohashi S.
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Pod Number

SUMMARYThe influence of leaf area and inter-plant competition on the growth and yield of a crop of high-yielding dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in central Mexico was studied, using density and thinning treatments. The highest seed yield (4210 kg/ha at 14% moisture) was obtained with the highest density (28·8 plants/m2). Thinning showed that pods/plant was sensitive to inter-plant competition between 36 and 78 days after seeding (first flower at 50 days), but seeds/pod, and especially seed weight, were not sensitive. It is suggested that the close positive relation between yield and leaf area duration derives from the influence of photosynthate supply upon pod number.

scholarly journals Heritability of peach tree resistance to bacterial leaf spot

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 366-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luiz Varago ◽  
Idemir Citadin ◽  
Marcos Robson Sachet ◽  
Gener Augusto Penso ◽  
Maria do Carmo Bassols Raseira
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Spot ◽  
Tree Resistance ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Xanthomonas Arboricola

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the broad-sense heritability reaction to bacterial leaf spot (Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni), in peach tree populations obtained from directed crosses. Disease severity and defoliation of the genotypes were evaluated in field conditions, with posterior measurement of the healthy leaf area duration (HAD). The observed average heritability (0.51) indicates that the use of the evaluated genitors can be effective for the development of cultivars with higher resistance to the disease.

Leaf Area Duration of Oat at High Latitudes

1997 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Peltonen-Sainio
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Leaf Area Duration

Compensatory Responses of Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) to Partial Shading

Weed Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie E. Regnier ◽  
S. Kent Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Total Plant

Lower leaves of greenhouse-grown common cocklebur and velvetleaf were shaded to 5% of full light over a 12-d period while upper leaves remained exposed to full light to determine weed foliar and branching responses to partial shading similar to that encountered in soybean crops. Shading increased lower leaf senescence and specific leaf area, and decreased branch length and number of second-order leaves in both species compared to unshaded controls. Common cocklebur branched more extensively along the lower portion of its stem than velvetleaf under both shaded and unshaded conditions. Upper leaves of partially shaded velvetleaf were held in a more perpendicular position to the light source beginning 3 days after treatment (DAT) compared to upper leaves of unshaded plants. Shading of lower leaves caused an increase in upper (unshaded) leaf area beginning 3 and 6 DAT in velvetleaf and common cocklebur, respectively. Petiole length of upper leaves also increased in response to shading in both species. Total plant dry weight at 12 DAT was unaffected by shading in velvetleaf but was reduced 10% by shading in common cocklebur. While common cocklebur maintained greater lower shoot growth in the presence of shade than velvetleaf, there was a greater change in upper leaf angle by velvetleaf in response to shading than by common cocklebur. These results support previous field observations of apparent greater shade tolerance of common cocklebur compared to velvetleaf and indicate that both species have the ability to compensate for shading of lower leaves by altering upper shoot growth.

Foliage development and leaf area duration in Pinus radiata

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael A. Rubilar ◽  
Timothy J. Albaugh ◽  
H. Lee Allen ◽  
Jose Alvarez ◽  
Thomas R. Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Foliage Development
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