scholarly journals Differential effects of insulin detemir and neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin on hepatic glucose production and peripheral glucose uptake during hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes

Diabetologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 2317-2323 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Smeeton ◽  
F. Shojaee Moradie ◽  
R. H. Jones ◽  
L. Westergaard ◽  
H. Haahr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Insulin Detemir ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Production ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Nph Insulin ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
Neutral Protamine Hagedorn

scholarly journals Importance of the route of insulin delivery to its control of glucose metabolism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale S. Edgerton ◽  
Mary Courtney Moore ◽  
Justin M. Gregory ◽  
Guillaume Kraft ◽  
Alan D. Cherrington
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Production ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Pancreatic Insulin ◽  
Hepatic Glucose

Pancreatic insulin secretion produces an insulin gradient at the liver compared to the rest of the body (approximately 3:1). This physiologic distribution is lost when insulin is injected subcutaneously, causing impaired regulation of hepatic glucose production and whole body glucose uptake, as well as arterial hyperinsulinemia. Thus, the hepatoportal insulin gradient is essential to the normal control of glucose metabolism during both fasting and feeding. Insulin can regulate hepatic glucose production and uptake through multiple mechanisms, but its direct effects on the liver are dominant under physiologic conditions. Given the complications associated with iatrogenic hyperinsulinemia in patients treated with insulin, insulin designed to preferentially target the liver may have therapeutic advantages.

The synthetic human growth hormone fragment (32–38) increases glucose uptake in the conscious dog

1988 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph W. Stevenson ◽  
Nowell Stebbing ◽  
Theodore Jones ◽  
Keith Carr ◽  
Peter M. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Production ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Independent Action ◽  
Conscious Dog ◽  
Hepatic Glucose

Abstract. hGH32-38 was tested to determine if the peptide could affect hepatic glucose production in the conscious dog under basal conditions (euglycemia) or if it could enhance glucose uptake when hyperglycemia was induced. hGH32-38 (1.6 nmol · kg−1 · min−1) or vehicle was infused in a cross-over design study into each of 4 conscious 16 h-fasted dogs for 3 h (0–180 min) following a 40 min control period. At 90 min, plasma glucose was raised to and maintained at 9.4 mmol/l by glucose infusion for 3 h (until 270 min). Neither hGH32-38 nor vehicle infusion had a significant effect on insulin and glucagon levels or on tracer determined ([3-3H]glucose) glucose production. As a result, neither treatment changed plasma glucose (5.72 ± 0.17 to 5.78 ± 0.17 mmol/l with hGH32-38; 5.50 ± 0.22 to 5.50 ± 0.17 mmol/l with vehicle). Induction of hyperglycemia (9.4 mmol/l) caused glucagon concentrations to fall similarly to about 50 ng/l with and without hGH32-38. Insulin rose to similar levels in both protocols, yet more glucose was required to maintain the same hyperglycemia with hGH32-38 (135– 180 min) (74.9 ± 12.7 vs 43.7 ± 7.1 μmol · kg−1 · min−1, P < 0.05). In summary, hGH32-38 significantly increased glucose disposition during hyperglycemia and this effect may be attributed to enhanced insulin action or to an insulin independent action of the peptide.

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