Gut mucosal permeability, β1 receptor blockers and gastric tonometry: the time is now!

It is widely recognised that hypertension is a major risk factor for the development of future cardiovascular (CV) events, which in turn are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Blood pressure (BP) control with antihypertensive drugs has been shown to reduce the risk of CV events. Angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs) are one such class of antihypertensive drugs and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have shown ARB-based therapies to have effective BP-lowering properties. However, data obtained under these tightly controlled settings do not necessarily reflect actual experience in clinical practice. Real-life databases may offer alternative information that reflects an uncontrolled real-world setting and complements and expands on the findings of clinical trials. Recent analyses of practice-based real-life databases have shown ARB-based therapies to be associated with better persistence and adherence rates and with superior BP control than non-ARB-based therapies. Analyses of real-life databases also suggest that ARB-based therapies may be associated with a lower risk of CV events than other antihypertensive-drug-based therapies.

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Telmisartan in High Cardiovascular Risk Patients

European Cardiology Review ◽

10.15420/ecr.2012.8.1.10 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roland Asmar ◽

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Ace Inhibitors ◽

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽

High Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Raas Blockade ◽

Risk Patients ◽

Receptor Blockers ◽

Current Guidelines

The worldwide morbidity and mortality burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is overwhelming and caused by increasing life expectancy and an epidemic of risk factors, including hypertension. Therapeutic options targeting different areas of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) to disrupt pathophysiological processes along the cardiovascular continuum are available. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are first-line treatments for CVD and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are suitable alternatives. Both ACE inhibitors and ARBs prevent CVD by lowering blood pressure (BP). Additionally, several studies have demonstrated that RAAS blockade can reduce cardiovascular risk beyond what might be expected from BP lowering alone. However, the ARBs are not all equally effective. Telmisartan is a long-lasting ARB that effectively controls BP over the full 24-hour period. Recently, the Ongoing telmisartan alone and in combination with ramipril global endpoint trial (ONTARGET) study showed that telmisartan reduces cardiovascular events in high cardiovascular risk patients similarly to the gold standard ACE inhibitor ramipril beyond BP lowering alone, but with a better tolerability. Based on the results of the ONTARGET and Telmisartan randomized assessment study in ACE intolerant subjects with cardiovascular disease (TRANSCEND) studies, telmisartan is indicated for the reduction of cardiovascular morbidity. This article aims to review current guidelines for the management of CVD and consider key data from clinical trials and clinical practice evaluating the role of telmisartan in CVD.

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A Review of Angiotensin Receptor Blocker-based Therapies at all Levels of Cardiovascular Risk

European Cardiology Review ◽

10.15420/ecr.2011.7.4.254 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 254 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Giuliano Tocci ◽

Lorenzo Castello ◽

Massimo Volpe ◽

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...

Keyword(s):

Angiotensin Ii ◽

Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽

Angiotensin System ◽

Receptor Blockers ◽

Artery Disease

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has a key role in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis, and water and electrolyte metabolism in healthy subjects, as well as in several diseases including hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction, coronary artery disease, renal disease and congestive heart failure. These conditions are all characterised by abnormal production and activity of angiotensin II, which represents the final effector of the RAS. Over the last few decades, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that antihypertensive therapy based on angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) has a major role in the selective antagonism of the main pathological activities of angiotensin II. Significant efforts have been made to demonstrate that blocking the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) subtype receptors through ARB-based therapy results in proven benefits in different clinical settings. In this review, we discuss the main benefits of antihypertensive strategies based on ARBs in terms of their efficacy, safety and tolerability.

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Desloratadine and levocetirizine – the importance in allergic diseases treatment

Medycyna Faktów ◽

10.24292/01.mf.0320.x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 336-342

Author(s):

Rafał Pawliczak

Keyword(s):

Allergic Diseases ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

H1 Receptor ◽

Receptor Blockers ◽

Allergic Disorders

H1-receptor blockers (including levocetirizine and desloratadine) are employed in treatment of multiple allergic diseases. In this review we deliver data regarding efficacy and safety these two drugs. Moreover, we are comparing their properties. The individualization therapy is a mainstay in allergic disorders treatment.

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