Inter-regional transportation and economic productivity: a case study of regional agglomeration economies in Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jetpan Wetwitoo ◽  
Hironori Kato
Keyword(s):  
Agglomeration Economies ◽  
Economic Productivity

Relationships between metropolitan, satellite and regional city size, spatial context and economic productivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Leishman ◽  
Steven Bond-Smith ◽  
Weidong Liang ◽  
Jinqiao Long ◽  
Duncan Maclennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agglomeration Economies ◽  
City Size ◽  
Spatial Context ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Housing Costs

This report considers evidence about the existence and scale of agglomeration economies, including in Australian cities. It examines whether city size affects productivity, and whether economic productivity, city size and rising housing costs are interdependent.

scholarly journals Bio-economic analysis of super-intensive closed shrimp farming and improvement of management plans: a case study in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junpei Shinji ◽  
Setsuo Nohara ◽  
Nobuyuki Yagi ◽  
Marcy Wilder
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
New Research

AbstractCrustacean aquaculture is a multibillion-dollar industry worldwide that continues to show significant growth. Shrimp farming has been intensified for decades, and super-intensive closed culture systems have now been developed to improve productivity and reduce environmental burdens. Here, we used bio-economic approaches to investigate the mechanisms and economic productivity of shrimp farming. We used three steps: (1) path analysis by using structural equation models to determine the candidate factors associated with productivity; (2) modeling of population dynamics and profits; and (3) simulations based on the models to clarify the productive characteristics of a super-intensive closed culture system. Our findings suggest that the population dynamics of the system were limited by unidentified factors that differed from those found in many experimental studies, such as water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and nitrogenous waste. The unidentified factors were related to the number of days of rearing and cumulative biomass mortality. The production plan suggested by our simulation required frequent culture rotation to increase profits. Our case study provides important practical information about the characteristics of super-intensive shrimp farming, implications for efficient economic management, and new research subjects for the future.

Assessing the invasion threat of non-native plant species in protected areas using Herbarium specimen and ecological survey data. A case study in two rangeland bioregions in Queensland

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Michael R. Ngugi ◽  
Victor John Neldner
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Herbarium Specimen ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Ecological Survey ◽  
National Significance

Naturalised non-native plants that become invasive pose a significant threat to the conservation of biodiversity in protected areas (areas dedicated and managed for long-term conservation of nature), economic productivity of agricultural businesses, and societal impacts including community, culture infrastructure and health. Quantifying the spread, potential dominance and invasion threat of these species is fundamental to effective eradication and development of threat mitigation policy. But this is often hampered by the lack of comprehensive data. This study used existing ecological survey data from 2548 sites and 64 758 Herbarium specimen records to document the status and abundance of non-native plants in two case study bioregions, Cape York Peninsula (CYP) and the Desert Uplands (DEU) in Queensland covering a total area of 186 697 km2. There were 406 non-native species in the CYP, 186 (45.6%) of which are known environmental weeds and 159 non-natives in DEU, of which 69 (43.5%) are environmental weeds. Inside the protected areas, there were 98 species of environmental weeds in CYP, 27 of which are listed as weeds of State significance (Weeds of National Significance (WONS), Queensland declared and non-declared pest plants categories). In DEU, there were 18 environmental weeds inside protected areas and none of them was listed as a weed of State significance. Non-native species that recorded foliage cover dominance in the ecological site data are generally recognised as environmental weeds in Queensland. The threat of weeds from outside of protected areas was serious, with 41 weeds of State significance found in CYP, five of which are WONS, and 25 weeds of State significance found in DEU, 10 of which are WONS.

scholarly journals Expanding Waistlines: A "Nutrition Transition" in China

Elements ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitsy Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Medical Advances

As China's coffers have swelled over the past three decades, its citizens' waistlines have also expanded. Western goods and lifestyles habits are consistently being imported into the Asian giant, including the obesity epidemic. Chinese children are particularly susceptible and future generations face tremendous health risks despite medical advances. States and international bodies such as the World Health Organization are alarmed at the damage obesity is already producing. The price tag to treat the health problems associated with obesity and the rsulting loss in economic productivity is staggering. While this essay uses China as a case study to examine the causes of obesity and its consequences, social and economic health, the grim reality is that this pattern is occurring worldwide as countries develop and their people adopt Western "nutritional" norms.

scholarly journals Can Fishing Tourism Contribute to Conservation and Sustainability via Ecotourism? A Case Study of the Fishery for Giant African Threadfin Polydactylus quadrifilis on the Kwanza Estuary, Angola

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Butler ◽  
Amber-Robyn Childs ◽  
Andrea Saayman ◽  
Warren M. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Recreational Fishery ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Economic Contribution ◽  
And Control ◽  
Local Sourcing ◽  
Fishery Species

It has been suggested that tourism fisheries can raise the value of landed catch, provide alternative livelihoods for local artisanal fishers and, because recreationally caught fishes are often released, simultaneously conserve stocks. However, for fishing tourism to meet ecotourism standards, sustainable, local economic benefit is imperative. This study aimed to assess the direct economic contribution of the recreational fishery for Polydactylus quadrifilis on the Kwanza Estuary, Angola. The recreational fishery contributed significantly to economic productivity in an otherwise rural area, generating a total revenue (TR) of $236,826 per four-month fishing season. Based on TR, P. quadrifilis was 3.6–32.6 times more valuable than the same fish caught and sold in the artisanal sector. However, high rates of economic leakage (86.1% of local TR) reduced the value of recreationally caught fish to below that of artisanally caught fish. Important sources of economic leakage were via the non-local sourcing of lodge supplies, services and staff and through the repatriation of profits. Capacity building within the local community is suggested to reduce leakages and to create ‘linkages’ with the recreational fishery. Greater community involvement, including the provision of business shares and greater communication and control, is suggested to achieve sustainability and incentivise the protection of recreationally important fishery species.

scholarly journals Emerging Nigerian Megacities and Sustainable Development: Case Study of Lagos and Abuja

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajah Ekpeni Obia
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Green Building ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Sustainability Principles ◽  
Global Energy Consumption

<p>It is estimated that by 2020 half of Nigerians shall live in urban centres. Nigeria has scores of such centres, with many showing the tendency of becoming megacities in a no distant future. One of these cities, Lagos (already a megacity), shall by projection, have a population of 24 million persons by 2020. The other, Abuja, is one of the fastest growing cities on earth. Generally, the world is now known to parade far larger cities than history has ever recorded. Some of these cities are quite magnificent and glorious - London, Paris, Tokyo and New York. On the other hand, Lagos and Mumbai are classic examples of urban failures. What separate the two classes of cities are the approaches to the design of their urban fabrics and management of their ecology. Whereas the former cities have adopted robust sustainability principles in their architecture and urban design/regeneration as well as efficient urban management programmes, the latter appear to be partially or totally non-committal. This paper examines the evolving Nigerian mega cities and their potentials for sustainable survival, with particular reference to Lagos and Abuja, using indices of economic productivity, social equity and environmental concerns. The result shows that the two cities failed these sustainability tests. The cause is traceable to unsustainable architecture being practiced. About half of the total global energy consumption comes from buildings. Eco-design prescriptions of the architect would guarantee urban sustainability. Thus, this paper recommends a national green building code for Nigeria.</p>

scholarly journals The Conundrum of Demographic Aging and Policy Challenges: A Comparative Case Study of Canada, Japan and Korea

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. McDaniel
Keyword(s):  
Population Aging ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Policy Regimes ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Demographic Aging ◽  
Labour Market Participation

Some analysts lean toward comparative analyses of population aging, then draw potential policy implications. Others lean in the direction of attention to differences in policy regimes and then consider implications of population aging. Key differences among advanced societies may not emanate from demographic aging but from differences in how markets, states, and families work to redistribute societal benefits. In this paper, three countries with contrasting configurations of markets, states, and families, and at different stages of demographic aging, are compared and contrasted: Canada, Japan, and Korea. The paper has three objectives: 1) to outline key changes in population, family, and work in the three countries; 2) to consider how knowledge about these changes, their dynamics and interrelationships, is framed with respect to policy options; and 3) to compare Canada, Japan, and Korea in terms of the framing of policy challenges related to demographic aging. It is found that Canada is joining the longstanding pattern of Japan and Korea of late home-leaving by youth, meaning less effective time in the paid labour force. Little deep connection exists between population aging and economic productivity or labour force shortages. Differential labour market participation of women mediates the effects of population aging.

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