Genomics of iron acquisition in the plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora: insights in the biosynthetic pathway of the siderophore desferrioxamine E

AbstractIt is now widely accepted that siderophores play a role in marine iron biogeochemical cycling. However, the mechanisms by which siderophores affect the availability of iron from specific sources and the resulting significance of these processes on iron biogeochemical cycling as a whole have remained largely untested. In this study, we develop a model system for testing the effects of siderophore production on iron bioavailability using the marine copiotroph Alteromonas macleodii ATCC 27126. Through the generation of the knockout cell line ΔasbB::kmr, which lacks siderophore biosynthetic capabilities, we demonstrate that the production of the siderophore petrobactin enables the acquisition of iron from mineral sources and weaker iron-ligand complexes. Notably, the utilization of lithogenic iron, such as that from atmospheric dust, indicates a significant role for siderophores in the incorporation of new iron into marine systems. We have also detected petrobactin, a photoreactive siderophore, directly from seawater in the mid-latitudes of the North Pacific and have identified the biosynthetic pathway for petrobactin in bacterial metagenome-assembled genomes widely distributed across the global ocean. Together, these results improve our mechanistic understanding of the role of siderophore production in iron biogeochemical cycling in the marine environment wherein iron speciation, bioavailability, and residence time can be directly influenced by microbial activities.

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Biology of Heme in Mammalian Erythroid Cells and Related Disorders

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/278536 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Tohru Fujiwara ◽

Hideo Harigae

Keyword(s):

Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Iron Acquisition ◽

Protoporphyrin Ix ◽

Erythroid Differentiation ◽

Heme Biosynthesis ◽

Erythroid Cells ◽

Prosthetic Group ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Human Disorders ◽

Pathway Regulation

Heme is a prosthetic group comprising ferrous iron (Fe2+) and protoporphyrin IX and is an essential cofactor in various biological processes such as oxygen transport (hemoglobin) and storage (myoglobin) and electron transfer (respiratory cytochromes) in addition to its role as a structural component of hemoproteins. Heme biosynthesis is induced during erythroid differentiation and is coordinated with the expression of genes involved in globin formation and iron acquisition/transport. However, erythroid and nonerythroid cells exhibit distinct differences in the heme biosynthetic pathway regulation. Defects of heme biosynthesis in developing erythroblasts can have profound medical implications, as represented by sideroblastic anemia. This review will focus on the biology of heme in mammalian erythroid cells, including the heme biosynthetic pathway as well as the regulatory role of heme and human disorders that arise from defective heme synthesis.

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Genome Sequences of Nine Erwinia amylovora Bacteriophages

Microbiology Resource Announcements ◽

10.1128/mra.00944-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (14) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ruchira Sharma ◽

Jordan A. Berg ◽

Nolan J. Beatty ◽

Minsey C. Choi ◽

Ashlin E. Cowger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Pathogen ◽

Erwinia Amylovora ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Content Type ◽

Animal Pathogens ◽

Wasatch Front

Erwinia amylovora is a plant pathogen belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, a family containing many plant and animal pathogens. Herein, we announce nine genome sequences of E. amylovora bacteriophages isolated from infected apple trees along the Wasatch Front in Utah.

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Nucleotide Sequences, Genetic Organization, and Distribution of pEU30 and pEL60 from Erwinia amylovora

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.70.12.7539-7544.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 70 (12) ◽

pp. 7539-7544 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Gayle C. Foster ◽

Gayle C. McGhee ◽

Alan L. Jones ◽

George W. Sundin

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Plant Pathogen ◽

Erwinia Amylovora ◽

Enteric Bacteria ◽

Nucleotide Sequences ◽

Gene Content ◽

Western United States ◽

Associated Bacteria ◽

Genetic Organization

ABSTRACT The nucleotide sequences, genetic organization, and distribution of plasmids pEU30 (30,314 bp) and pEL60 (60,145 bp) from the plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora are described. The newly characterized pEU30 and pEL60 plasmids inhabited strains isolated in the western United States and Lebanon, respectively. The gene content of pEU30 resembled plasmids found in plant-associated bacteria, while that of pEL60 was most similar to IncL/M plasmids inhabiting enteric bacteria.

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Complete Genome Sequence of the Plant Pathogen Erwinia amylovora Strain ATCC 49946

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.00022-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 192 (7) ◽

pp. 2020-2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

M. Sebaihia ◽

A. M. Bocsanczy ◽

B. S. Biehl ◽

M. A. Quail ◽

N. T. Perna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genome Sequence ◽

Plant Pathogen ◽

Complete Genome Sequence ◽

Complete Genome ◽

Fire Blight ◽

Erwinia Amylovora ◽

Strain Atcc ◽

Important Disease

ABSTRACT Erwinia amylovora causes the economically important disease fire blight that affects rosaceous plants, especially pear and apple. Here we report the complete genome sequence and annotation of strain ATCC 49946. The analysis of the sequence and its comparison with sequenced genomes of closely related enterobacteria revealed signs of pathoadaptation to rosaceous hosts.

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Biosynthesis of fosfomycin in pseudomonads reveals an unexpected enzymatic activity in the metallohydrolase superfamily

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.2019863118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 118 (23) ◽

pp. e2019863118

Author(s):

Max A. Simon ◽

Chayanid Ongpipattanakul ◽

Satish K. Nair ◽

Wilfred A. van der Donk

Keyword(s):

Enzymatic Activity ◽

Natural Product ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Plant Pathogen ◽

Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Systematic Evaluation ◽

Oxidative Decarboxylation ◽

Broad Spectrum Antibiotic ◽

New Class

The epoxide-containing phosphonate natural product fosfomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in the treatment of cystitis. Fosfomycin is produced by both the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and soil-dwelling streptomycetes. While the streptomycete pathway has recently been fully elucidated, the pseudomonad pathway is still mostly elusive. Through a systematic evaluation of heterologous expression of putative biosynthetic enzymes, we identified the central enzyme responsible for completing the biosynthetic pathway in pseudomonads. The missing transformation involves the oxidative decarboxylation of the intermediate 2-phosphonomethylmalate to a new intermediate, 3-oxo-4-phosphonobutanoate, by PsfC. Crystallographic studies reveal that PsfC unexpectedly belongs to a new class of diiron metalloenzymes that are part of the polymerase and histidinol phosphatase superfamily.

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AcrAB-TolC DIRECTS EFFLUX-MEDIATED RESISTANCE TOWARDS PHYTOALEXINS IN THE PLANT PATHOGEN ERWINIA AMYLOVORA

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2008.793.37 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 253-259

Author(s):

N. Al-Karablieh ◽

A. Burse ◽

H. Weingart ◽

M. Ullrich

Keyword(s):

Plant Pathogen ◽

Erwinia Amylovora

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Harpin, elicitor of the hypersensitive response produced by the plant pathogen Erwinia amylovora

Science ◽

10.1126/science.1621099 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 257 (5066) ◽

pp. 85-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 501

Author(s):

Z. Wei ◽

R. Laby ◽

C. Zumoff ◽

D. Bauer ◽

S. He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hypersensitive Response ◽

Plant Pathogen ◽

Erwinia Amylovora

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Thidiazuron andColletotrichum coccodesEffects on Ethylene Production by Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and Prickly Sida (Sida spinosa)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500072258 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 484-489 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Richard H. Hodgson ◽

Robert H. Snyder

Keyword(s):

Growth Regulator ◽

Plant Pathogen ◽

Ethylene Production ◽

Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Acc Synthase ◽

Ethylene Synthesis ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Combination Treatments ◽

Sida Spinosa ◽

Prickly Sida

The effects of the plant growth regulator thidiazuron and the plant pathogenColletotrichum coccodeson ethylene synthesis by velvetleaf and prickly sida were investigated. Untreated velvetleaf seedlings produced 1.5 and 2.3 pmol ethylene/mg fresh weight 24 and 48 h after treatment. Treatment with thidiazuron at 200 g ai/ha orC. coccodesat 1 × 109spores/m2increased ethylene production by 4.9 and 3.5 pmol/mg, respectively, in 24 h; and by 10.6 and 15.8 pmol/mg, respectively, in 48 h. Combination treatments caused synergistic increases in ethylene production by velvetleaf seedlings of 17.7 and 49.6 pmol/mg in 24 and 48 h, respectively. Thidiazuron at 10 μM, combined with an extract ofC. coccodesmycelia, increased ethylene synthesis by more than 4-fold in vacuum-infiltrated excised velvetleaf petioles within 48 h. Thidiazuron at 50 g/ha, combined with an extract ofC. coccodesmycelium, increased ethylene synthesis 16-fold in prickly sida seedlings in 24 h. Aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC), a precursor of ethylene, stimulated ethylene production by velvetleaf petioles more than 8-fold when supplied at 0.75 mM; thidiazuron and the pathogen effects were not discernible in its presence. Aminoethoxyvinyl-glycine (AVG), an inhibitor of ACC synthase, inhibited overall ethylene production by velvetleaf seedlings more than 40% when supplied at 0.58 to 0.67 mM, without obscuring the stimulatory effects of thidiazuron and the pathogen. These results indicate that the growth regulator and the plant pathogen or an extract of the pathogen act in concert to increase ethylene synthesis in velvetleaf. Stimulation probably occurs before the synthesis of ACC in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway.

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