Pycnogenol ameliorates motor function and gene expressions of NF-ƙB and Nrf2 in a 6-hydroxydopamine-induced experimental model of Parkinson’s disease in male NMRI mice

Author(s):  
Farajollah Jafari ◽  
Mahdi Goudarzvand ◽  
Ramin Hajikhani ◽  
Mostafa Qorbani ◽  
Jalal Solati
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Decai Qiao ◽  
Xiaoli Liu ◽  
Kaixuan Shi

Hyperactivity in the corticostriatal glutamatergic pathway (CGP) induces basal ganglia dysfunction, contributing to parkinsonian syndrome (PS). Physical exercise can improve PS. However, the effect of exercise on the CGP, and whether this pathway is involved in the improvement of PS, remains unclear. Parkinson’s disease (PD) was induced in rats by 6-hydroxydopamine injection into the right medial forebrain bundle. Motor function was assessed using the cylinder test. Striatal neuron (SN) spontaneous and evoked firing activity was recorded, and the expression levels of Cav1.3 and CaMKII in the striatum were measured after 4 weeks of treadmill exercise. The motor function in PD rats was improved by treadmill exercise. SN showed significantly enhanced excitability, and treadmill exercise reduced SN excitability in PD rats. In addition, firing activity was evoked in SNs by stimulation of the primary motor cortex, and SNs exhibited significantly decreased stimulus threshold, increased firing rates, and reduced latency. The expression of Cav1.3 and p-CaMKII (Thr286) in the striatum were enhanced in PD rats. However, these effects were reversed by treadmill exercise. These findings suggest that treadmill exercise inhibits CGP hyperactivity in PD rats, which may be related to improvement of PS.


Author(s):  
Dehnad Dehnad ◽  
Zahra Kiasalari ◽  
Mehrdad Roghani

Introdution: Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Considering the antioxidant and neuroprotective properties of chlorogenic acid, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of this substance in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease. Methods: In this experimental study, Wisar male rats (n = 32) were divided into 4 groups: sham, chlorogenic acid-treated sham, lesion and chlorogenic-acid-treated lesion. The experimental model of Parkinson's disease was made by injecting 12.5 microgram of 6-hydroxydopamine dissolved in a saline-ascorbate solution into the left side of neostriatum. The chlorogenic acid-treated sham and the chlorogenic-acid-treated lesion groups received 10 mg/kg of the drug intraperitoneally daily during a week before stereotaxic surgery and the last injection was given one hour before stereotaxic surgery. In the second week after surgery, the rotational behavior induced by apomorphine injection within one hour and the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra compacta was examined and counted. For statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-host tests were used in Sigmaplot 12. Results: Chlorogenic acid-pretreated lesion group showed significantly lower rotations versus lesion group (p<0.01). In addition, chlorogenic acid-treated lesion group had a higher number of dopaminergic neurons relative to lesion group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Pretreatment with chlorogenic acid reduces motor asymmetry in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease and has also protective effect on nigral dopaminergic neurons.


2021 ◽  
pp. 026921552199052
Author(s):  
Zonglei Zhou ◽  
Ruzhen Zhou ◽  
Wen Wei ◽  
Rongsheng Luan ◽  
Kunpeng Li

Objective: To conduct a systematic review evaluating the effects of music-based movement therapy on motor function, balance, gait, mental health, and quality of life among individuals with Parkinson’s disease. Data sources: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database was carried out to identify eligible papers published up to December 10, 2020. Review methods: Literature selection, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment were independently performed by two investigators. Publication bias was determined by funnel plot and Egger’s regression test. “Trim and fill” analysis was performed to adjust any potential publication bias. Results: Seventeen studies involving 598 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Music-based movement therapy significantly improved motor function (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale motor subscale, MD = −5.44, P = 0.002; Timed Up and Go Test, MD = −1.02, P = 0.001), balance (Berg Balance Scale, MD = 2.02, P < 0.001; Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test, MD = 2.95, P = 0.001), freezing of gait (MD = −2.35, P = 0.039), walking velocity (MD = 0.18, P < 0.001), and mental health (SMD = −0.38, P = 0.003). However, no significant effects were observed on gait cadence, stride length, and quality of life. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that music-based movement therapy is an effective treatment approach for improving motor function, balance, freezing of gait, walking velocity, and mental health for patients with Parkinson’s disease.


Author(s):  
Osmar Vieira Ramires Júnior ◽  
Barbara da Silva Alves ◽  
Paula Alice Bezerra Barros ◽  
Jamile Lima Rodrigues ◽  
Shana Pires Ferreira ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jui-Chih Chang ◽  
Yi-Chun Chao ◽  
Huei-Shin Chang ◽  
Yu-Ling Wu ◽  
Hui-Ju Chang ◽  
...  

AbstractThe feasibility of delivering mitochondria intranasally so as to bypass the blood–brain barrier in treating Parkinson's disease (PD), was evaluated in unilaterally 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Intranasal infusion of allogeneic mitochondria conjugated with Pep-1 (P-Mito) or unconjugated (Mito) was performed once a week on the ipsilateral sides of lesioned brains for three months. A significant improvement of rotational and locomotor behaviors in PD rats was observed in both mitochondrial groups, compared to sham or Pep-1-only groups. Dopaminergic (DA) neuron survival and recovery > 60% occurred in lesions of the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum in Mito and P-Mito rats. The treatment effect was stronger in the P-Mito group than the Mito group, but the difference was insignificant. This recovery was associated with restoration of mitochondrial function and attenuation of oxidative damage in lesioned SN. Notably, P-Mito suppressed plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines. Mitochondria penetrated the accessory olfactory bulb and doublecortin-positive neurons of the rostral migratory stream (RMS) on the ipsilateral sides of lesions and were expressed in striatal, but not SN DA neurons, of both cerebral hemispheres, evidently via commissural fibers. This study shows promise for intranasal delivery of mitochondria, confirming mitochondrial internalization and migration via RMS neurons in the olfactory bulb for PD therapy.


Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Débora Masini ◽  
Carina Plewnia ◽  
Maëlle Bertho ◽  
Nicolas Scalbert ◽  
Vittorio Caggiano ◽  
...  

In Parkinson’s disease (PD), a large number of symptoms affecting the peripheral and central nervous system precede, develop in parallel to, the cardinal motor symptoms of the disease. The study of these conditions, which are often refractory to and may even be exacerbated by standard dopamine replacement therapies, relies on the availability of appropriate animal models. Previous work in rodents showed that injection of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in discrete brain regions reproduces several non-motor comorbidities commonly associated with PD, including cognitive deficits, depression, anxiety, as well as disruption of olfactory discrimination and circadian rhythm. However, the use of 6-OHDA is frequently associated with significant post-surgical mortality. Here, we describe the generation of a mouse model of PD based on bilateral injection of 6-OHDA in the dorsal striatum. We show that the survival rates of males and females subjected to this lesion differ significantly, with a much higher mortality among males, and provide a protocol of enhanced pre- and post-operative care, which nearly eliminates animal loss. We also briefly discuss the utility of this model for the study of non-motor comorbidities of PD.


2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 1513-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danúbia Bonfanti Santos ◽  
Dirleise Colle ◽  
Eduardo Luiz Gasnhar Moreira ◽  
Mariana Appel Hort ◽  
Marcelo Godoi ◽  
...  

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