André M. Striegel, Wallace W. Yau, Joseph J. Kirkland, and Donald D. Bly (Eds.): Modern size-exclusion liquid chromatography. Practice of gel permeation and gel filtration chromatography, 2nd ed.

2010 ◽  
Vol 399 (4) ◽  
pp. 1571-1572
Author(s):  
Melissa M. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Gel Filtration Chromatography ◽  
Gel Permeation

Assessing metal–lignosulfonates as fertilizers using gel filtration chromatography and high-performance size exclusion chromatography

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Islas-Valdez ◽  
Sandra López-Rayo ◽  
Hristiyan Hristov-Emilov ◽  
Lourdes Hernández-Apaolaza ◽  
Juan J. Lucena
Keyword(s):  
Size Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Gel Filtration Chromatography ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

Liquid chromatography: Current applications in Heritage Science and recent developments

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Degano
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Heritage Science ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract Liquid chromatography has been widely employed in the analysis of materials in Heritage Science, due to its ease of use and relatively low-cost, starting from thin layer chromatography of organic binders in paintings, of archaeological waxes and resins, and finally of natural dyes. High performance systems employing analytical columns containing packed stationary phases gradually supplanted thin layer chromatography (TLC) in the field, since the separation, detection and quantitation of specific species contained in a sample in the field of Cultural Heritage requires selective, sensitive and reliable methods, allowing for analysing a wide range of samples, in terms of analyte types and concentration range. Today, the main applications of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in this field are related to the separation and detection of dyestuffs in archaeological materials and paint samples by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with suitable detectors. Proteomics and lipidomics are also gaining momentum in the last decade, thanks to the increased availability of instrumentation and procedures. In this chapter, principles and theory of liquid chromatography will be presented. A short review of the instrumentation needed to perform an analysis will be provided and some general principles of sample preparation revised. More details on the detection systems, the chromatographic set-ups and specific sample treatment strategies will be provided in the individual sections dedicated to the applications to Heritage Science of the main types of liquid chromatographic techniques. In particular, the applications of thin layer chromatography will be shortly described in paragraph 4.1. The applications of Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) will be discussed in detail in paragraph 4.2, including the analysis of natural and synthetic dyes and pigments and the profiling of lipid materials. The possibility to perform proteomic analysis will be presented and a link to the relevant Chapter in this book provided. The most important and promising applications of ion exchange chromatography (IC) will be discussed in paragraph 4.3. Finally, size exclusion and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) will be presented in paragraph 4.4, including applications to the study of polymeric network formation in paint binders, of the phenomena related to the depolymerisation of cellulose in paper and of cellulose and lignin in wood samples. The possibility to study synthetic polymers as artists’ materials and restorers’ tools by size exclusion (SEC) or gel permeation (GPC) will also be introduced. In the conclusions, future perspectives of liquid chromatography in Heritage Science will be briefly discussed.

Chromatography on the basis of size

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cutler
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Protein Aggregate ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Pass Through

Chromatography has been employed for the separation of proteins and other biological macromolecules on the basis of molecular size since the mid 1950s when Lathe and Rutheven employed modified starch as a media for separation. Porath and Flodin developed the technique further using cross-linked dextran and coined the term gel filtration. Some confusion over nomenclature has been created by the term gel permeation, used to describe separation by the same principle in organic mobile phases using synthetic matrices. It is now generally agreed that the terms gel filtration and gel permeation do not accurately reflect the nature of the separation. Size exclusion Chromatography (SEC) has been widely accepted as a universal description of the technique and in line with the IUPAC nomenclature this term will be adopted. The historical development of SEC for protein separation has been reviewed. SEC is a commonly used technique due to the diversity of the molecular sizes of proteins in biological tissues and extracts. In addition to isolating proteins from crude mixtures, SEC has been employed for many roles including buffer exchange (desalting), removal of non-protein contaminants (DNA, viruses), protein aggregate removal, the study of biological interactions, and protein folding. The principle of size exclusion is based on a solid phase matrix consisting of beads of defined porosity which are packed into a column through which a mobile liquid phase flows. The mobile phase has access to both the volume inside the pores and the volume external to the beads. Unlike many other chromatographic procedures size exclusion is not an adsorption technique. Separation can be visualized as reversible partitioning into the two liquid volumes. The elution time is dependent upon an individual protein’s ability to access the pores of the matrix. Large molecules remain in the volume external to the beads as they are unable to enter the pores. The resulting shorter flow path means that they pass through the column relatively rapidly, emerging early. Proteins that are excluded from the pores completely, elute in the void volume, V0. This is often determined experimentally by the use of a high molecular weight component such as blue dextran or calf thymus DNA.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document