Evaluation of direct sampling method for trace elements analysis in Chinese rice wine by ICP–OES

Abstract Purpose Higher alcohol is a by-product of the fermentation of wine, and its content is one of the most important parameters that affect and are used to appraise the final quality of Chinese rice wine. Ammonium compensation is an efficient and convenient method to reduce the content of higher alcohols, but the molecule mechanism is poorly understood. Therefore, an iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis was designed to reveal the proteomic changes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to elucidate the molecular mechanism of ammonium compensation in reducing the content of higher alcohols. Methods The iTRAQ proteomic analysis method was used to analyze a blank group and an experimental group with an exogenous addition of 200 mg/L (NH4)2HPO4 during inoculation. The extracted intracellular proteins were processed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and identified using bioinformatics tools. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to verify the gene expression of differentially expressed proteins. Results About 4062 proteins, including 123 upregulated and 88 downregulated proteins, were identified by iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis. GO and KEGG analysis uncovered that significant proteins were concentrated during carbohydrate metabolism, such as carbon metabolism, glyoxylate, and dicarboxylate metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, and the nitrogen metabolism, such as amino acid synthesis and catabolism pathway. In accordance with the trend of differential protein regulation in the central carbon metabolism pathway and the analysis of carbon metabolic flux, a possible regulatory model was proposed and verified, in which ammonium compensation facilitated glucose consumption, regulated metabolic flow direction into tricarboxylic acid, and further led to a decrease in higher alcohols. The results of RT-qPCR confirmed the authenticity of the proteomic analysis results at the level of gene. Conclusion Ammonium assimilation promoted by ammonium compensation regulated the intracellular carbon metabolism of S. cerevisiae and affected the distribution of metabolic flux. The carbon flow that should have gone to the synthesis pathway of higher alcohols was reversed to the TCA cycle, thereby decreasing the content of higher alcohols. These findings may contribute to an improved understanding of the molecular mechanism for the decrease in higher alcohol content through ammonium compensation.

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Physicochemical properties of red millet, a novel Chinese rice wine brewing material

Journal of Food Processing and Preservation ◽

10.1111/jfpp.15556 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Suping Li ◽

Jingjing Liang ◽

Yanli Ma ◽

Yufeng Ding ◽

Jiancheng Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Rice Wine ◽

Chinese Rice Wine

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Contribution of Major Groups of Food Products to the Daily Intake of Selected Elements—Results from Analytical Determinations Supported by Chemometric Analysis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12113412 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3412

Author(s):

Wojciech Koch ◽

Marcin Czop ◽

Agnieszka Nawrocka ◽

Dariusz Wiącek

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Food Groups ◽

Icp Oes ◽

High Intake ◽

Sodium Potassium ◽

Milk Products ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Very High

Food is a major source of minerals for humans. The main objective of this study was to determine the intake level of 10 essential macro- (Na, K, Ca, and Mg) and trace elements (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cr, and Se) with major food groups among young adults. Dietary intake of elements was evaluated using the 24-h dietary recall technique in combination with F-AAS and ICP-OES methods. A very high intake of sodium and a very low intake of calcium, combined with inappropriate sodium/potassium ratio, may be harmful to the health of the population. Dietary intake of trace elements was within the range of reference values in the subjects, with cereals being the major source of a majority of those elements, while meat (38% for Na), vegetables (25% for K), and milk products (75% for Ca) were the main contributors to the daily dietary intake of macroelements. PCA revealed several visible trends in the datasetAmong men, the intake of Zn, Cr Na and K was significantly correlated with the consumption of meat and vegetables, whereas Mg, Se, Fe and Cu with cereals and water and beverages. Among women, the intake of Mg was significantly correlated with the consumption of meat and vegetables.

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