Polychlorinated Biphenyl-Related Alterations of the Expression of Essential Genes in Harbour Seals (Phoca vitulina) from Coastal Sites in Canada and the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Noël ◽  
Neil Dangerfield ◽  
Steve Jeffries ◽  
Dyanna Lambourn ◽  
Monique Lance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phoca Vitulina ◽  
Essential Genes ◽  
Harbour Seals

scholarly journals Comparative Tn-Seq reveals common daptomycin resistance determinants in Staphylococcus aureus despite strain-dependent differences in essentiality of shared cell envelope genes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. Coe ◽  
Wonsik Lee ◽  
Gloria Komazin-Meredith ◽  
Timothy C. Meredith ◽  
Yonatan H. Grad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
The United States ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Essential Genes ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Strain Dependent

AbstractAntibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus remains a leading cause of antibiotic resistance-associated mortality in the United States. Given the reality of multi-drug resistant infections, it is imperative that we establish and maintain a pipeline of new compounds to replace or supplement our current antibiotics. A first step towards this goal is to prioritize targets by identifying the genes most consistently required for survival across the S. aureus phylogeny. Here we report the first direct comparison of gene essentiality across multiple strains of S. aureus via transposon sequencing. We show that mutant fitness varies by strain in key pathways, underscoring the importance of using more than one strain to differentiate between core and strain-dependent essential genes. Despite baseline differences in gene importance, several pathways, including the lipoteichoic acid pathway, become consistently essential under daptomycin exposure, suggesting core vulnerabilities that can be exploited to resensitize daptomycin-nonsusceptible isolates. We also demonstrate the merit of using transposons with outward-facing promoters capable of overexpressing nearby genes for identifying clinically-relevant gain-of-function resistance mechanisms. Together, the daptomycin vulnerabilities and resistance mechanisms support a mode of action with wide-ranging effects on the cell envelope and cell division. This work adds to a growing body of literature demonstrating the nuanced insights gained by comparing Tn-Seq results across multiple bacterial strains.Author summaryAntibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus kills thousands of people every year in the United States alone. To stay ahead of the looming threat of multidrug-resistant infections, we must continue to develop new antibiotics and find ways of making our current repertoire of antibiotics more effective, including by finding pairs of compounds that perform best when administered together. In the age of next-generation sequencing, we can now use transposon sequencing to find potential targets for new antibiotics on a genome-wide scale, identified as either essential genes or genes that become essential in the presence of an antibiotic. In this work, we created a compendium of genes that are essential across a range of S. aureus strains, as well as those that are essential in the presence of the antibiotic daptomycin. The results will be a resource for researchers working to develop the next generation of antibiotic therapies.

scholarly journals A review of the status of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in the Northeast United States of America

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon T Waring ◽  
James R Gilbert ◽  
Dana Belden ◽  
Amy Van Atten ◽  
Robert A DiGiovanni Jr
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Phoca Vitulina ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Average Annual Rate ◽  
Harbour Seals ◽  
The Status ◽  
The U.S

We conducted a review of the literature and unpublished databases to describe the distribution, abundance, ecology and status of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) in U.S. Atlantic waters. The harbour seal is the most abundant and widespread seal species in this area. Since passage of the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, the number of harbour seals observed during the pupping season in this region has increased from about 10,500 animals in 1981 to 38,000 animals in 2001 (uncorrected counts), an average annual rate of 6.6%. This increase has beenrelatively consistent over the 20 years, and there is no indication that the population size has stabilized. Correspondingly, the seasonal distribution has expanded and interactions between seals and anthropogenic activities have increased.

The kinetics of individual polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in female harbour seals (Phoca vitulina), with evidence for structure-related metabolism

1987 ◽  
Vol 10 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 307-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan P. Boon ◽  
Peter J.H. Reijnders ◽  
Josee Dols ◽  
Peter Wensvoort ◽  
M.Theo J. Hillebrand
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Phoca Vitulina ◽  
Harbour Seals ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Retrospective time-trend study of polybrominated diphenyl ether and polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyl levels in human serum from the United States.

2004 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 654-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Sjödin ◽  
Richard S Jones ◽  
Jean-François Focant ◽  
Chester Lapeza ◽  
Richard Y Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
The United States ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Trend Study

scholarly journals Retrospective Time-Trend Study of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether and Polybrominated and Polychlorinated Biphenyl Levels in Human Serum from the United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 654-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Sjödin ◽  
Richard S. Jones ◽  
Jean-François Focant ◽  
Chester Lapeza ◽  
Richard Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
The United States ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Trend Study

Party Strength in the United States: Some Corrections

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 641-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul T. David
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Party Strength

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

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