scholarly journals The impact of leukapheresis on immune-cell number and function in patients with advanced cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1429-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Gulley ◽  
Jennifer Marté ◽  
Christopher R. Heery ◽  
Ravi A. Madan ◽  
Seth M. Steinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals When Cells Suffocate: Autophagy in Cancer and Immune Cells under Low Oxygen

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Schlie ◽  
Jaeline E. Spowart ◽  
Luke R. K. Hughson ◽  
Katelin N. Townsend ◽  
Julian J. Lum
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Tumor Environment ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Hypoxia is a signature feature of growing tumors. This cellular state creates an inhospitable condition that impedes the growth and function of all cells within the immediate and surrounding tumor microenvironment. To adapt to hypoxia, cells activate autophagy and undergo a metabolic shift increasing the cellular dependency on anaerobic metabolism. Autophagy upregulation in cancer cells liberates nutrients, decreases the buildup of reactive oxygen species, and aids in the clearance of misfolded proteins. Together, these features impart a survival advantage for cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment. This observation has led to intense research efforts focused on developing autophagy-modulating drugs for cancer patient treatment. However, other cells that infiltrate the tumor environment such as immune cells also encounter hypoxia likely resulting in hypoxia-induced autophagy. In light of the fact that autophagy is crucial for immune cell proliferation as well as their effector functions such as antigen presentation and T cell-mediated killing of tumor cells, anticancer treatment strategies based on autophagy modulation will need to consider the impact of autophagy on the immune system.

A Comparative Study of the Impact of HIV Infection on Natural Killer Cell Number and Function in Thais and North Americans

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1061-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. De Souza ◽  
C. Karnasuta ◽  
A.E. Brown ◽  
L.E. Markowitz ◽  
S. Nitayaphan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Killer Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
North Americans ◽  
Natural Killer Cell Number ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Effects of pegylated G-CSF on immune cell number and function in patients with gynecological malignancies

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Bonanno ◽  
Annabella Procoli ◽  
Andrea Mariotti ◽  
Maria Corallo ◽  
Alessandro Perillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Gynecological Malignancies ◽  
And Function

Anabolic androgenic steroids effects on the immune system: a review

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik ◽  
Rachel Green ◽  
Ekua Brenu ◽  
Robert Weatherby
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Steroid Nucleus ◽  
Regime Types ◽  
Androgenic Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Differentiation And Proliferation ◽  
Androgenic Steroids ◽  
And Function

AbstractAndrogenic anabolic steroids (AAS) are synthetic derivatives of the male hormone testosterone. AAS are used by athletes and recreational users of all ages to enhance their athletic performance and/or physical appearance. While several adverse effects of AAS abuse have been described, their effect on the immune system has not been clearly elucidated. The literature generally indicates that supraphysiologic doses of AAS with an intact steroid nucleus are immunosuppressive, that is they reduce immune cell number and function. While those with alterations to the steroid nucleus are immunostimulatory as they induce the proliferation of T cells and other immune cells. Specifically, several common AAS have been shown to adversely influence lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation, antibody production, Natural Killer Cytotoxic activity and the production of certain cytokines, thereby altering the immune reaction. These effects may be profound and long lasting depending on the dosing regime, types or combinations of AAS used and the extent and duration of AAS abuse. Nevertheless, the effects of long term use of supraphysiologic doses of AAS on the immune system remain uncertain.

scholarly journals Immune Cell Number, Phenotype, and Function in the Elderly with Sepsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Wanxue He ◽  
Kun Xiao ◽  
Min Fang ◽  
Lixin Xie
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cell ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals To cure or not to cure: consequences of immunological interactions in CML treatment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur César Fassoni ◽  
Ingo Roeder ◽  
Ingmar Glauche
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Treatment Cessation ◽  
Immune Effector ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Immune Effector Cells ◽  
Tki Treatment ◽  
And Function

AbstractRecent clinical findings in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) patients suggest that the number and function of immune effector cells are modulated by Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) treatment. There is further evidence that the success or failure of treatment cessation at least partly depends on the patient’s immunological constitution. Here, we propose a general ODE model to functionally describe the interactions between immune effector cells with leukemic cells during the TKI treatment of CML. In total, we consider 20 different sub-models, which assume different functional interactions between immune effector and leukemic cells. We show that quantitative criteria, which are purely based on the quality of model fitting, are not able to identify optimal models. On the other hand, the application of qualitative criteria based on a dynamical system framework allowed us to identify nine of those models as more suitable than the others to describe clinically observed patterns and, thereby, to derive conclusion about the underlying mechanisms. Additionally, including aspects of early CML onset, we can demonstrate that certain critical parameters, such as the strength of immune response or leukemia proliferation rate, need to change during CML growth prior to diagnosis, leading to bifurcations that alter the attractor landscape. Finally, we show that the crucial parameters determining the outcome of treatment cessation are not identifiable with tumor load data only, thereby highlighting the need to measure immune cell number and function to properly derive mathematical models with predictive power.MSC Classification: 92B05, 37N25, 34C60, 37G35

scholarly journals GONADOTROPIN STIMULATION ALTERS HUMAN MATERNAL UTERINE IMMUNE CELL NUMBER AND FUNCTION DURING THE WINDOW OF IMPLANTATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. e79
Author(s):  
Jessica R. Kanter ◽  
Sneha Mani ◽  
Scott Gordon ◽  
Ju Young Park ◽  
Dan Huh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Gonadotropin Stimulation ◽  
And Function

Effect of exercise, heat stress, and hydration on immune cell number and function

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1941-1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOEL B. MITCHELL ◽  
JONATHAN P. DUGAS ◽  
BRIAN K. MCFARLIN ◽  
MATTHEW J. NELSON
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals POS0052 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS 2 INFECTION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW TO INFORM EULAR POINTS TO CONSIDER

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 231-232
Author(s):  
A. Najm ◽  
A. Alunno ◽  
X. Mariette ◽  
B. Terrier ◽  
G. De Marco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Disease Spectrum ◽  
And Function ◽  
Immunomodulatory Therapies

Background:The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is a global health problem. Beside the specific pathogenic effect of SARS-CoV-2, incompletely understood deleterious and aberrant host immune responses play critical roles in severe disease. Rheumatologists have the best experience of studying and treating these complicated hyperinflammatory processes.Objectives:To summarize the available information on pathophysiology of COVID-19.Methods:As part of a EULAR taskforce, two systematic literature reviews were performed one on pathophysiology and one on immunomodulatory therapies. Two reviewers independently identified eligible studies according to the following PICO framework: P (population): patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection; I (intervention): any intervention/no intervention; C (comparator): any comparator; O (outcome) any clinical or serological outcome including but not limited to immune cell phenotype and function and serum cytokine concentration. The results pertaining to pathophysiology of COVID-19 are presented here.Results:Of the 55496 records yielded, 85 articles were eligible for inclusion. Included studies were at variable risk of bias and exploring various aspects of disease pathogenesis from immune to non-immune cells (Table 1). Pro-inflammatory cytokines’ expression including IL-6, was increased, especially in severe COVID-19, although not as high as other states with severe systemic inflammation. Innate and adaptative immune cell compartments were differentially affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection: neutrophils displayed an immature differentiation state and also increased neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation. Dendritic cell number was reduced and classical monocytes was increased although displaying a reduced expression of HLA-DR. The lymphoid compartment was also affected: lymphopenia was present with a reduced number of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and more frequent PD1+CD8+ T cells corresponding to an exhausted phenotype. Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection showed a high variability across individuals and disease spectrum. Multiparametric algorithms showed variable diagnostic performances in predicting survival, hospitalization, disease progression or severity, and mortality. Differences in SARS-CoV-2 manifestations in adults and children were highlighted.Conclusion:Overall, SARS-CoV-2 infection affects both innate and adaptative immune responses in a variable way, according to both disease severity and individual parameters. This SLR informs the EULAR points to consider on pathophysiology and use of immunomodulatory therapies in COVID-19.Table 1.Studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection pathogenesisResearch questionNCytokines profile7Immune profile18Algorithm17Children3Comorbidities1Endothelial dysfunction and platelets8Gut and microbiota3Genetics and variants8Histology7Antibodies profiles8Viral load and immune response4Interferon3Immunosenecsnce3Total90**Some manuscripts were including in several research questions. Total number of studies included n=85.Disclosure of Interests:Aurelie Najm Speakers bureau: BMS, Consultant of: BMS, Alessia Alunno: None declared, Xavier Mariette Speakers bureau: BMS, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Servier and UCB, Consultant of: BMS, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Servier and UCB, Benjamin Terrier Speakers bureau: Roche, Chugai, Vifor Pharma, GSK, AstraZeneca, Terumo BCT, LFB and Grifols, Consultant of: Roche, Chugai, Vifor Pharma, GSK, AstraZeneca, Terumo BCT, LFB and Grifols, Gabriele De Marco: None declared, Laura Mason: None declared, Jenny Emmel: None declared, Dennis McGonagle Speakers bureau: Abbvie, BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, Consultant of: Abbvie, BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, Pedro M Machado Speakers bureau: Abbvie, BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Orphazyme, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, Consultant of: Abbvie, BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Orphazyme, Pfizer, Roche and UCB.

Surgery for Lung Cancer and the Consequences for the Swallow

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Pippa Hales ◽  
Corinne Mossey-Gaston
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Vocal Cord Palsy ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Physiological Reserve ◽  
Palliative Phase ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Swallow Function

Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers across Northern America and Europe. Treatment options offered are dependent on the type of cancer, the location of the tumor, the staging, and the overall health of the person. When surgery for lung cancer is offered, difficulty swallowing is a potential complication that can have several influencing factors. Surgical interaction with the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) can lead to unilateral vocal cord palsy, altering swallow function and safety. Understanding whether the RLN has been preserved, damaged, or sacrificed is integral to understanding the effect on the swallow and the subsequent treatment options available. There is also the risk of post-surgical reduction of physiological reserve, which can reduce the strength and function of the swallow in addition to any surgery specific complications. As lung cancer has a limited prognosis, the clinician must also factor in the palliative phase, as this can further increase the burden of an already compromised swallow. By understanding the surgery and the implications this may have for the swallow, there is the potential to reduce the impact of post-surgical complications and so improve quality of life (QOL) for people with lung cancer.

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