Prognostic role of gamma-glutamyl transferase in metastatic melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Winter ◽  
Max M. Lenders ◽  
Maximilian Gassenmaier ◽  
Andrea Forschner ◽  
Ulrike Leiter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl ◽  
Melanoma Patients ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Anti-PD-L1 Treatment in Melanoma Is Associated with the Expression of the ECM Molecule EMILIN2

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7511
Author(s):  
Albina Fejza ◽  
Maurizio Polano ◽  
Lucrezia Camicia ◽  
Evelina Poletto ◽  
Greta Carobolante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Tumor Hypoxia ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Vessel Normalization ◽  
Melanoma Patients

The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment of melanoma patients, leading to remarkable improvements in the cure. However, to ensure a safe and effective treatment, there is the need to develop markers to identify the patients that would most likely respond to the therapies. The microenvironment is gaining attention in this context, since it can regulate both the immunotherapy efficacyand angiogenesis, which is known to be affected by treatment. Here, we investigated the putative role of the ECM molecule EMILIN-2, a tumor suppressive and pro-angiogenic molecule. We verified that the EMILIN2 expression is variable among melanoma patients and is associated with the response to PD-L1 inhibitors. Consistently, in preclinical settings,the absence of EMILIN-2 is associated with higher PD-L1 expression and increased immunotherapy efficacy. We verified that EMILIN-2 modulates PD-L1 expression in melanoma cells through indirect immune-dependent mechanisms. Notably, upon PD-L1 blockage, Emilin2−/− mice displayed improved intra-tumoral vessel normalization and decreased tumor hypoxia. Finally, we provide evidence indicating that the inclusion of EMILIN2 in a number of gene expression signatures improves their predictive potential, a further indication that the analysis of this molecule may be key for the development of new markers to predict immunotherapy efficacy.

scholarly journals Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Melanoma and HIV Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Marra ◽  
Giosuè Scognamiglio ◽  
Ilaria Peluso ◽  
Gerardo Botti ◽  
Celeste Fusciello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Molecules ◽  
Checkpoint Molecule ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Melanoma Patients

Introduction:Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors increases the overall survival of patients with metastatic melanoma regardless of their oncogene addicted mutations. However, no data is available from clinical trials of effective therapies in subgroups of melanoma patients that carry chronic infective diseases such as HIV. Evidences suggest a key role of the immune checkpoint molecules as a mechanism of immune escape not only from melanoma but also from HIV host immune response.Conclusion:In this article, firstly, we will describe the role of the immune checkpoint molecules in HIV chronic infection. Secondly, we will summarize the most relevant clinical evidences utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of melanoma patients. Lastly, we will discuss the potential implications as well as the potential applications of immune checkpoint molecule-based immunotherapy in patients with melanoma and HIV infection.

scholarly journals Immune checkpoint inhibitors, endocrine adverse events, and outcomes of melanoma

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Karhapää ◽  
Siru Mäkelä ◽  
Hanna Laurén ◽  
Marjut Jaakkola ◽  
Camilla Schalin-Jäntti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Electronic Patient Records ◽  
Melanoma Patients

Objective: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can cause endocrine adverse events. However, endocrine AEs could be related to better treatment outcomes. Our aim was to investigate whether this holds true in a real-world setting of metastatic melanoma patients. Design: A retrospective single-institution study. Methods: We included 140 consecutive metastatic melanoma patients treated with ICI between January 2012 and May 2019. We assessed endocrine toxicity and best possible treatment outcomes from electronic patient records, including laboratory parameters, and radiological images. Results: Of the treated patients, 21 patients (15%) were treated with ipilimumab, 46 (33%) with nivolumab, 67 (48%) with pembrolizumab, and six (4%) with combination therapy (ipilimumab + nivolumab). Endocrine AEs appeared in 29% (41/140) patients. Three patients had two different endocrine AEs. Thyroid disorders were the most common: 26% (36/140), followed by hypophysitis: 4% (5/140). Three subjects (2%, 3/140) were diagnosed with autoimmune diabetes. Three patients had to terminate treatment due to endocrine toxicity. Radiological manifestations of endocrine AEs were found in 16 patients (39%, 16/41). Endocrine toxicity was associated with significantly better treatment outcomes. Median progression-free survival (8.1 months, range 5.1 – 11.1 months vs. 2.7 months, range 2.4 – 3.0 months, P < 0.001), and median overall survival (47.5 months, range 15.5 – 79.5 months vs. 23.7 months, range 15.3 – 32.1 months, P = 0.035) were longer for patients experiencing endocrine AEs. Conclusions: The higher number of endocrine AEs suggest regular laboratory monitoring aids in AE detection. Endocrine AEs in metastatic melanoma may correlate with better treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Vitiligo-like Leukoderma as an Indicator of Clinical Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Late-stage Melanoma Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Verkhovskaia ◽  
Francesca Romana Di Pietro ◽  
Simona Mastroeni ◽  
Maria Luigia Carbone ◽  
Damiano Abeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Immune Therapy ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Favorable Outcome ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Melanoma Patients

Abstract Purpose. Although development of immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment of metastatic melanoma, more than a half of treated patients experience disease progression during therapy. Cases of spontaneous vitiligo-like leukoderma have been described in melanoma patients and have been associated with a favorable outcome. This vitiligo-like leukoderma can also appear in melanoma patients undergoing immune therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, no consensus exists about the relationship between vitiligo-like leukoderma onset and improved overall survival. Our study investigates the possible association between the onset of vitiligo-like leukoderma during immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment and a better prognosis.Methods. A non-concurrent cohort study was conducted by identifying retrospectively 280 patients who had inoperable or metastatic melanoma and had undergone immune therapy with checkpoint inhibitors in any line of treatment. Toxicities developed during therapy were evaluated. Results. Among the 280 study participants, 50% developed at least one type of toxicity, and vitiligo-like leukoderma was observed in 43 patients (15.4%). In the multivariate Cox model, a protective effect for mortality was observed for patients with vitiligo-like leukoderma development (HR = 0.23; 95% CI = 0.11-0.44, p <0.0001). In a sub-group analysis comprising only cutaneous melanoma in first line of treatment (N=153), occurrence of vitiligo-like leukoderma was also an independent predictor factor for duration of clinical benefits measured by time to the next treatment (HR:0.17; 95% CI:0.06-0.44). Conclusion. Our findings indicate that onset of vitiligo-like leukoderma during melanoma treatment could be a marker of favorable outcome in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

scholarly journals miRNA as a Modulator of Immunotherapy and Immune Response in Melanoma

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1648
Author(s):  
Mai-Huong Thi Nguyen ◽  
Yueh-Hsia Luo ◽  
An-Lun Li ◽  
Jen-Chieh Tsai ◽  
Kun-Lin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Applicability ◽  
Melanoma Patients

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a promising therapy for the treatment of cancers, including melanoma, that improved benefit clinical outcomes. However, a subset of melanoma patients do not respond or acquire resistance to immunotherapy, which limits their clinical applicability. Recent studies have explored the reasons related to the resistance of melanoma to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Of note, miRNAs are the regulators of not only cancer progression but also of the response between cancer cells and immune cells. Investigation of miRNA functions within the tumor microenvironment have suggested that miRNAs could be considered as key partners in immunotherapy. Here, we reviewed the known mechanism by which melanoma induces resistance to immunotherapy and the role of miRNAs in immune responses and the microenvironment.

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