Small-Scale Woodlot Growers’ Interest in Participating in Bioenergy Market In Rural Ethiopia

AbstractProduction of value-added outputs from biomass residues represents an opportunity to increase the supply of renewable energy in Ethiopia. Particularly, agroforestry could provide biomass residues for improved bioenergy products. The aim of this study was to characterize the interest of growers to provide biomass residues to a hypothetical biomass feedstock market. This study relied on a survey conducted on a sample of 240 farmers. Although the awareness of potential biomass products was generally quite low, a majority of farmers expressed interest in supplying biomass residues, but the level of interest depended on certain individual socio-economic and demographic characteristics. For example, younger and female household heads were found to be more interested in participating in the hypothetical biomass market, as were households with an improved biomass stove, larger land holdings, and higher income levels. In addition, larger households and those that felt less vulnerable to firewood scarcity also expressed more interest. As a whole, the results imply that farmers, particularly those with younger and female heads of households, should be supported with programs tailored to ensure their inclusion in biomass supply chains. Respondents generally preferred farm-gate sales of biomass, so the collecting, baling, and transporting of woody residues need to be properly incentivized or new actors need to be recruited into the supply chain. Providing households with energy-efficient tools such as improved stoves would not only increase demand for biomass products, but also increase the amount of biomass residues that could be supplied to the market instead of used at home.

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Profitability and Efficiency Analyses of Small Scale Rice processing units in Ngoketunjia Division, North West Region, Cameroon.

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v3i2.4259 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 177-182

Author(s):

Bime M.J ◽

Fon D.E ◽

Ngalim S.B ◽

Ongla J

Keyword(s):

Value Added ◽

Primary Data ◽

Small Scale ◽

Fixed Cost ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Parboiled Rice ◽

North West ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Benefit Cost ◽

Rice Processing

Rice production and processing over the years has been on an increase with more small holders entering the business. This study on profitability of processing and marketing of small scale rice processors had as objective to analyse the profitability levels of rice processing and marketing by small scale processors, determine the value added to the commodity at each stageÂ and also identify the constraints faced by these processors. The study used primary data collected using well-structured questionnaire from millers only, miller traders for white/parboiled rice through a multistage sampling technique. Results showed that the net processing income (3,151,201), value added (8,147,456) and efficiency (138) for miller-traders of white rice was highest, followed by miller-traders for parboiled rice and lastly millers only. Results further showed that millers only had Benefit/cost ratio of 0.4 indicating that milling only is not profitable due to small quantities milled, and high fixed cost. Miller-traders for parboiled rice had a benefit/cost ratio of 2.3 implying that their venture is most profitable. Based on the results, it was recommended that millers only should purchase large quantities of paddy to enable them reduce the overhead cost. Also the services of parboilers should reflect in the sales price of parboiled rice so that the parboiling services can be paid for.

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Membrane-Based Energy Efficient Dewatering of Microalgae in Biofuels Production and Recovery of Value Added Co-Products

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/es204107d ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 46 (10) ◽

pp. 5599-5606 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Ramesh Bhave ◽

Tanya Kuritz ◽

Lawrence Powell ◽

Dale Adcock

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficient ◽

Value Added

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An Investigation of Coping Strategies Adopted by Small-Scale Sugarcane Growers in Bungoma County, Kenya

East African Journal of Business and Economics ◽

10.37284/eajbe.3.1.307 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 89-102

Author(s):

Protas Fwamba Khaemba ◽

Philomena Muiruri ◽

Thomas Kibutu

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Survey Design ◽

Primary Data ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Farm Income ◽

Small Scale ◽

Sugarcane Farming ◽

Income Generating Activities ◽

Household Heads ◽

By Products

This paper reports on one of the findings of a study undertaken to investigate the coping strategies used by small-scale sugarcane growers in Bungoma County, Kenya. A descriptive survey design was used. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in the selection of the divisions, villages, key respondents, and sugarcane farmers to be interviewed. Primary data were collected using questionnaires from 100 small-scale sugarcane growers’ household heads from Bumula Sub-County. Data were collected during the month of December 2016. Qualitative data collected were analysed thematically. Quantitative data was analysed using regression in SPSS version 23 and Microsoft Excel. Results from small-scale sugarcane farmers in Bumula Sub-County revealed a declining farmers’ participation in sugarcane farming activities in the area. Coping strategies identified included off-farm income-generating activities, sale of sugarcane by-products and non-contracted cane farming. Significance test qualification was based on a percentage of adjusted R2 and within 0.3 to 0.7 ranges for Beta weight value. The correlation coefficient (R-value) for the model was 0.362, indicating a moderately positive relationship between variables. The coefficient of determination (R2) was found to be 0.284 (28.4%). Adopted coping strategies accounted for 28.4% variability in the declining farmers’ participation in sugarcane farming. This result suggests the existence of other factors that explain the remaining 71.6% of the variation in the declining farmers’ participation. Farmers should enhance both on-farm and off-farm income-generating activities, sugarcane by-products value addition, and non-contracted cane farming in order to reverse the outcome and result in an enhanced farmers’ participation in sugarcane farming activities by 36.2%

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Perspective tendencies in development of small scale processing of gas resources

Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1515/pac-2016-1203 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 89 (8) ◽

pp. 1033-1047 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vladimir S. Arutyunov ◽

Valery I. Savchenko ◽

Igor V. Sedov ◽

Alexey V. Nikitin ◽

Ilya G. Fokin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Value Added ◽

Small Scale ◽

Oxidative Conversion ◽

Direct Oxidation ◽

Hydrocarbon Gases ◽

Associated Petroleum Gas ◽

Syngas Production ◽

Oxidation Of Methane ◽

Alternative Routes

AbstractThis paper analyses alternative routes for production of chemicals from different hydrocarbon gases by their direct, without syngas production, oxidative conversion to oxygenates or ethylene. Main of these routes are direct oxidation of methane to methanol (DMTM) and selective oxy-cracking of heavier natural or associated petroleum gas components which can be used for production of high value-added petrochemicals (in combination with carbonylation processes) and fuel gases, useful for gas piston engines. The advantages and practical capabilities of such technologies are discussed.

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Reply to “Comments on ‘Incorporating the Effects of Moisture into a Dynamical Parameter: Moist Vorticity and Moist Divergence’”

Weather and Forecasting ◽

10.1175/waf-d-16-0111.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 1397-1405

Author(s):

Weihong Qian ◽

Ning Jiang ◽

Jun Du

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Value Added ◽

Heavy Rain ◽

Heavy Precipitation ◽

Small Scale ◽

Precipitation Efficiency ◽

Long Duration ◽

Advection Term ◽

Rain Events ◽

Mathematical Derivation

Abstract Mathematical derivation, meteorological justification, and comparison to model direct precipitation forecasts are the three main concerns recently raised by Schultz and Spengler about moist divergence (MD) and moist vorticity (MV), which were introduced in earlier work by Qian et al. That previous work demonstrated that MD (MV) can in principle be derived mathematically with a value-added empirical modification. MD (MV) has a solid meteorological basis. It combines ascent motion and high moisture: the two elements necessary for rainfall. However, precipitation efficiency is not considered in MD (MV). Given the omission of an advection term in the mathematical derivation and the lack of precipitation efficiency, MD (MV) might be suitable mainly for heavy rain events with large areal coverage and long duration caused by large-scale quasi-stationary weather systems, but not for local intense heavy rain events caused by small-scale convection. In addition, MD (MV) is not capable of describing precipitation intensity. MD (MV) worked reasonably well in predicting heavy rain locations from short to medium ranges as compared with the ECMWF model precipitation forecasts. MD (MV) was generally worse than (though sometimes similar to) the model heavy rain forecast at shorter ranges (about a week) but became comparable or even better at longer ranges (around 10 days). It should be reiterated that MD (MV) is not intended to be a primary tool for predicting heavy rain areas, especially in the short range, but is a useful parameter for calibrating model heavy precipitation forecasts, as stated in the original paper.

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Renewable energy, CO2 emissions and value added: Empirical evidence from countries with different income levels

Structural Change and Economic Dynamics ◽

10.1016/j.strueco.2019.12.009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 402-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mehdi Ben Jebli ◽

Sahbi Farhani ◽

Khaled Guesmi

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Empirical Evidence ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Value Added ◽

Income Levels

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Comment: Agricultural Economics Research and Extension Needs of Small-Scale, Limited-Resource Farmers

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics ◽

10.1017/s0081305200014722 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 57-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ben L. Perry

Keyword(s):

Value Added ◽

Limited Resource ◽

Future Research ◽

Small Scale ◽

Full Time ◽

Small Farms ◽

Small Farm ◽

Social Scientists ◽

Research Areas ◽

Part Time

West is to be commended for (1) the organization of his discussion, (2) the careful delineation of the research areas, (3) the thoroughness of his research and the excellent documentation of the research efforts of social scientists in treating the problem/s of the small-farm operator, and (4) the development of a means-end schema of “what is,” “what ought to be” with implications for future research, programs, and public policy.As West indicates, there is need for a redefinition of small farm. The $20,000 gross sales limit is inadequate. Most definitions do not include the value added of products produced and consumed by the family. Some states, for example Florida, use figures much lower than $20,000 to characterize small farms. The distinction between full-time and part-time farmers and their incomes is not clearly delineated. A national concern should be the redefinition of the term, “small farm.” Heterogeneous characteristics of small farms should not inhibit the generation of profile information by geographic regions.

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Mobile Banking Systems and Technologies

Encyclopedia of E-Commerce, E-Government, and Mobile Commerce ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-799-7.ch121 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 754-759 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cheon-Pyo Lee ◽

Merrill Warkentin

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Value Added ◽

The United States ◽

Small Scale ◽

Mobile Banking ◽

Wireless Technologies ◽

Brick And Mortar ◽

New Business ◽

Communication Devices ◽

Electronic Delivery

The last decade has witnessed the rapid growth of mobile communication devices and wireless technologies across the globe. The convergence of mobile devices and wireless technologies has not only changed the way many activities are conducted, but has also provided a foundation for a new type of technology-aided commerce called mobile commerce (m-commerce). As e-commerce’s next evolutionary stage, m-commerce opens up new business opportunities in business-to-consumer (B2C) markets in addition to extending current operations in e-commerce and traditional brick-and-mortar businesses (Varshney & Vetter, 2002). The significant power of m-commerce is primarily a result of the anytime-anywhere connectivity of wireless devices, which provides unique experiences and services (Figge, 2004; Zwass, 2003). One of the most promising and value-added m-commerce services is mobile banking (Lee, McGoldrick, Keeling, & Doherty, 2003; Mallat, Rossi, & Tuunainen, 2004). Mobile banking is the newest electronic delivery channel to be offered by banks in which technology has become an increasingly vital element, and it provides convenience and enhanced value to both banks and customers. With its clear benefits, mobile banking is now gaining rapid popularity in European and Asian countries with the significant market penetration of mobile handsets and the optimally designed marketing tactics of service providers (Suoranta & Mattila, 2004). However, mobile banking is still marginally adopted across the globe, and especially in the U.S., the growth appears much slower than anticipated (Mallat et al., 2004). In the United States, there are only a small number of banks that have actually introduced mobile banking services, and most other mobile banking efforts are in small-scale trials (Charny, 2001). Therefore, the technology which will be employed in the United States market has been of interest not only to financial institutions, but also to mobile technology developers and future users.

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