Biomass Stove Design Based Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Design For Manufacture And Assembly (DFMA)

This study aims to design a biomass stove as a solution for lack of LPG gas in the community in Batu Panjang, Rupat Island, Riau. The Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method is used in this study by elaborating consumer needs through public opinion needs (questionnaire survey) and elaboration of the characteristics of consumer needs. A House of Quality (HoQ) matrix was created to determine the technical characteristics for design analysis of biomass stove and designed using the Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DFMA). The result was a development of "Biomass Stove", which consists of a funnel for fuel, a fire funnel, a filter and an air chamber. The funnel chamber, which the fuel was made the insulation channel and the joining of the fire connector, forms an angle to increase the heat flow to funnel fuel and reduce the heat loss during cooking. The stove design is made safe, comfortable for users and environmentally friendly due to the existence of a filter and air chamber cover. The biomass stove was designed portable, and then it was light and easy to move around.

Which Biomass Stove(s) Capable of Reducing Household Air Pollution Are Available to the Poorest Communities Globally?

Globally, household and ambient air pollution (HAAP) leads to approximately seven million premature deaths per year. One of the main sources of household air pollution (HAP) is the traditional stove. So-called improved cookstoves (ICS) do not reduce emissions to levels that benefit health, but the poorest communities are unlikely to have access to cleaner cooking in the medium term. Therefore, ICS are being promoted as an intermediate step. This paper summarises the current evidence on the ICS available to the global poorest, utilising data from the Clean Cookstoves Catalog and systematic review evidence from the field. The cheapest stoves offer little reduction in HAP. Only one ICS, available at US$5 or less, (the canarumwe) minimally reduced pollutants based on ISO testing standards and no studies included in the systematic reviews reported tested this stove in the field. We recommend field testing all ICS as standard, and clear information on stove characteristics, sustainability, safety, emissions efficiency, in-field performance, affordability, availability in different settings, and the ability of the stove to meet community cooking needs. In addition, ICS should be promoted alongside a suite of measures, including improved ventilation and facilities to dry wood, to further reduce the pollutant levels.

Small-Scale Woodlot Growers’ Interest in Participating in Bioenergy Market In Rural Ethiopia

Production of value-added outputs from biomass residues represents an opportunity to increase the supply of renewable energy in Ethiopia. Particularly, agroforestry could provide biomass residues for improved bioenergy products. The aim of this study was to characterize the interest of growers to provide biomass residues to a hypothetical biomass feedstock market. This study relied on a survey conducted on a sample of 240 farmers. Although the awareness of potential biomass products was generally quite low, a majority of farmers expressed interest in supplying biomass residues, but the level of interest depended on certain individual socio-economic and demographic characteristics. For example, younger and female household heads were found to be more interested in participating in the hypothetical biomass market, as were households with an improved biomass stove, larger land holdings, and higher income levels. In addition, larger households and those that felt less vulnerable to firewood scarcity also expressed more interest. As a whole, the results imply that farmers, particularly those with younger and female heads of households, should be supported with programs tailored to ensure their inclusion in biomass supply chains. Respondents generally preferred farm-gate sales of biomass, so the collecting, baling, and transporting of woody residues need to be properly incentivized or new actors need to be recruited into the supply chain. Providing households with energy-efficient tools such as improved stoves would not only increase demand for biomass products, but also increase the amount of biomass residues that could be supplied to the market instead of used at home.

Prenatal Household Air Pollution Exposure, Cord Blood Mononuclear Cell Telomere Length and Age Four Blood Pressure: Evidence from a Ghanaian Pregnancy Cohort

Background: Associations between prenatal household air pollution exposure (HAP), newborn telomere length and early childhood blood pressure are unknown. Methods: Pregnant women were randomized to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove, improved biomass stove or control (traditional, open fire cook stove). HAP was measured by personal carbon monoxide (CO) (n = 97) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) (n = 60). At birth, cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) were collected for telomere length (TL) analyses. At child age four years, we measured resting blood pressure (BP) (n = 97). We employed multivariable linear regression to determine associations between prenatal HAP and cookstove arm and assessed CBMC relative to TL separately. We then examined associations between CBMC TL and resting BP. Results: Higher prenatal PM2.5 exposure was associated with reduced TL (β = −4.9% (95% CI −8.6, −0.4), p = 0.03, per 10 ug/m3 increase in PM2.5). Infants born to mothers randomized to the LPG cookstove had longer TL (β = 55.3% (95% CI 16.2, 109.6), p < 0.01)) compared with control. In all children, shorter TL was associated with higher systolic BP (SBP) (β = 0.35 mmHg (95% CI 0.001, 0.71), p = 0.05, per 10% decrease in TL). Conclusions: Increased prenatal HAP exposure is associated with shorter TL at birth. Shorter TL at birth is associated with higher age four BP, suggesting that TL at birth may be a biomarker of HAP-associated disease risk.

PENGENALAN DAN PEMANFAATAN TUNGKU BIOMASA DENGAN PEMBAKARAN BERSIH BAGI PENGUSAHA IKAN KAYU (KEUMAMAH) DI KOTA BANDA ACEH

<p>Keumamah is made from the preservation of eastern little tuna (Euthynnus affinis). For keumamah production, boiling of fresh eastern little tuna in water, is one of the main process which requires a lot of energy. The keumamah producers utilize three-stone like stove with wood biomass as the fuel. The stove adoption is economically motivated since the fuel is cheaper than other form of commercial energy and relatively easy to obtain. However, the stove is inefficient and wasting the wood. Inefficient burning of wood releases smoke and volatile organic compounds (VOC) which are dangerous to human health and harmful for the environment. Therefore, in this community development program, two keumamah producers, located near Lampulo fish harbour - in Banda Aceh, were introduced to better practices in utilizing biomass wood as energy source. They were firstly given the information on the reverse impacts on health and environment introduced by three-stone like stove. The team has developed an improved biomass stove with improved efficiency, less fuel consumption and much cleaner combustion. Later this clean better design biomass stove with its advantages was introduced. From the test of performance, the stoves showed: 1) faster cooking time; 2) reduce fuel consumption by nearly 30%; 3) reduced smoke; and 4) flexible usage of working space with modular design. It is the intentions of this program for the stove to benefit the keumamah producers and their workers with less expending for fuel and cleaner work environment. </p>

PEMANFAATAN PANAS PADA DINDING KOMPOR GASIFIKASI BIOMASSA UNTUK PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK DC MENGGUNAKAN THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR

The stove is one technology that plays an important role in the utilization of energy at the household scale. The biomass stove studied was a blower system gasification stove. In the blower system, oxygen entering the combustion chamber flows continuously according to the needs of combustion. In this biomass gasification stove study, researchers will also use the biomass stove wall or thermal energy into kinetic energy for grinding blowers and charging systems. This study aims to obtain fuel by utilizing biomass or organic waste as biomass stove fuel and get the energy driving the blower and charging system by utilizing a thermoelectric generator system. biomass stoves used in this study use the principle method of Top-Lif Up Draft (T-LUD) Gasifier, a type of gasifier that matches the characteristics of biomass that has high volatile matter, where the stove is designed intended for biomass fuel from agricultural waste products and industry, boiling 1 kg of water is done using wood chips by varying the area of ​​the air flow door, which is 50%, 75%, and 100%. Can be analyzed Comparison of the performance of the biomass cooker stove and the power generated by the thermoelectric generator, at each door width of the air flow results are different, this is due to the mass of fuel consumption and fire temperature. After calculating the highest thermal efficiency results obtained in the area of ​​50% air flow ventilation and obtained power generated 1.83 watts with 100% ventilation flow door area using wood chips.

Adoption and impact of improved cookstoves in Lambayeque, Peru, 2017

Introduction: Approximately three billion people in Asia, Africa, and the Americas cook with biomass, cleaner cooking technologies with the potential to reduce household air pollution exposure. It is necessary to assess the adoption and long-term use of these stoves, measure perceived benefits among users, and use this information to provide feedback to programs that are implementing new cooking technologies. The aim of this study is to determine the level of adoption and impact of improved biomass cookstoves in the rural area of Lambayeque, Peru, in 2017. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 52 homes were surveyed in the districts of Pacora and Íllimo where improved biomass stoves were introduced between 2005 and 2013. A questionnaire for the assessment of adoption and impact indexes proposed by the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves was applied. The STROBE checklist was used. Results: The mean number of years with the improved biomass cookstove was 9.1 (standard deviation: 2.9); 51.9% always used the improved stove, and 34.6% never used it due to destruction during the El Niño phenomenon in 2017. The median impact index was 5.62; 19.2% had a very good/good adoption. The median adoption index was 6.5; 25% had a very high/high impact. The use of the traditional or open fire biomass stove persisted in 61.5% of the houses. Conclusion: The adoption and impact of improved biomass cookstoves were acceptable, but traditional stove use persisted in more than half of the houses. Households used a mix of different stove technologies. Gas stoves were used more frequently for breakfast or dinner, while the traditional biomass stoves were used for larger lunchtime meals.

Drying Model for “Rambak” Crackers Production Using Hybrid Greenhouse Effect Dryer with Stove Biomass and Clay Heat Exchanger

A hybrid greenhouse effect dryer was examined for small-medium cracker industries. The system consists of a main drying chamber, biomass stove, heat exchanger, and shelf. This work aims to construct heat and mass transfer model which can describe well the drying process, as well as can be used to predict the greenhouse air temperature, product temperature, and moisture evaporation during drying. Drying is conducted in the room dryer for 9 samples of crackers where each sample is ± 150 grams and is divided into 3 samples placed on the bottom shelf, 3 samples on middle shelf, and 3 samples on the top shelf. Drying is carried out from the initial moisture content of crackers ± 63‒64% to 12‒14% for the standard fries. Mathematics model was simulated in MATLAB software and was validated by comparing the analytical and experimental result. The heat transfer model could describe well the heat transfer process during drying. It was shown that the analytical and experimental results are in good agreement, with mean error range values 5.38‒20.4%.