scholarly journals Bacterial community composition in Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae) and Chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica) Penguin stomach contents from Signy Island, South Orkney Islands

Polar Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 2517-2530 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Yew ◽  
D. A. Pearce ◽  
M. J. Dunn ◽  
A. A. Samah ◽  
P. Convey
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Pygoscelis Adeliae ◽  
Orkney Islands ◽  
Signy Island ◽  
Pygoscelis Antarctica ◽  
South Orkney Islands

scholarly journals Un-crewed aerial vehicle population survey of three sympatrically breeding seabird species at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-727
Author(s):  
M. J. Dunn ◽  
S. Adlard ◽  
A. P. Taylor ◽  
A. G. Wood ◽  
P. N. Trathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Decline ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Pygoscelis Adeliae ◽  
Seabird Species ◽  
Orkney Islands ◽  
Signy Island ◽  
South Orkney Islands ◽  
Low Altitude

AbstractSurveying seabirds in polar latitudes can be challenging due to sparse human populations, lack of infrastructure and the risk of disturbance to wildlife or damage to habitats. Counting populations using un-crewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) is a promising approach to overcoming these difficulties. However, a careful validation of the approach is needed to ensure comparability with counts collected using conventional methods. Here, we report on surveys of three Antarctic bird species breeding on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands; Chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica) and Gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) Penguins, and the South Georgia Shag (Leucocarbo atriceps georgianus). We show that images from low-altitude UAV surveys have sufficient resolution to allow separation of Chinstrap Penguins from contiguously breeding Adélie Penguins (Pygoscelis adéliae), which are very similar in appearance when viewed from overhead. We compare data from ground counts with manual counts of nesting birds on images collected simultaneously by low-altitude aerial photography from multi-rotor UAVs at the same colonies. Results at this long-term monitoring site confirmed a continued population decline for Chinstrap Penguins and increasing Gentoo Penguin population. Although both methods provided breeding pair counts that were generally within ~ 5%, there were significant differences at some locations. We examine these differences in order to highlight potential biases or methodological constraints that should be considered when analysing similar aerial census surveys and comparing them with ground counts.

scholarly journals Collection of Environmental Variables and Bacterial Community Compositions in Marian Cove, Antarctica, during Summer 2018

Data ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Hyo-Ryeon Kim ◽  
Jae-Hyun Lim ◽  
Ju-Hyoung Kim ◽  
Il-Nam Kim
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Composition Data ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Class Level ◽  
Earth’S Climate

Marine bacteria, which are known as key drivers for marine biogeochemical cycles and Earth’s climate system, are mainly responsible for the decomposition of organic matter and production of climate-relevant gases (i.e., CO₂, N₂O, and CH₄). However, research is still required to fully understand the correlation between environmental variables and bacteria community composition. Marine bacteria living in the Marian Cove, where the inflow of freshwater has been rapidly increasing due to substantial glacial retreat, must be undergoing significant environmental changes. During the summer of 2018, we conducted a hydrographic survey to collect environmental variables and bacterial community composition data at three different layers (i.e., the seawater surface, middle, and bottom layers) from 15 stations. Of all the bacterial data, 17 different phylum level bacteria and 21 different class level bacteria were found and Proteobacteria occupy 50.3% at phylum level following Bacteroidetes. Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria, which belong to Proteobacteria, are the highest proportion at the class level. Gammaproteobacteria showed the highest relative abundance in all three seawater layers. The collection of environmental variables and bacterial composition data contributes to improving our understanding of the significant relationships between marine Antarctic regions and marine bacteria that lives in the Antarctic.

scholarly journals Artificial neural network analysis of microbial diversity in the central and southern Adriatic Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Šantić ◽  
Kasia Piwosz ◽  
Frano Matić ◽  
Ana Vrdoljak Tomaš ◽  
Jasna Arapov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Neural Network Analysis

AbstractBacteria are an active and diverse component of pelagic communities. The identification of main factors governing microbial diversity and spatial distribution requires advanced mathematical analyses. Here, the bacterial community composition was analysed, along with a depth profile, in the open Adriatic Sea using amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA and the Neural gas algorithm. The performed analysis classified the sample into four best matching units representing heterogenic patterns of the bacterial community composition. The observed parameters were more differentiated by depth than by area, with temperature and identified salinity as important environmental variables. The highest diversity was observed at the deep chlorophyll maximum, while bacterial abundance and production peaked in the upper layers. The most of the identified genera belonged to Proteobacteria, with uncultured AEGEAN-169 and SAR116 lineages being dominant Alphaproteobacteria, and OM60 (NOR5) and SAR86 being dominant Gammaproteobacteria. Marine Synechococcus and Cyanobium-related species were predominant in the shallow layer, while Prochlorococcus MIT 9313 formed a higher portion below 50 m depth. Bacteroidota were represented mostly by uncultured lineages (NS4, NS5 and NS9 marine lineages). In contrast, Actinobacteriota were dominated by a candidatus genus Ca. Actinomarina. A large contribution of Nitrospinae was evident at the deepest investigated layer. Our results document that neural network analysis of environmental data may provide a novel insight into factors affecting picoplankton in the open sea environment.

scholarly journals Soil Bacterial Community Diversity and Composition as Affected by Tillage Intensity Treatments in Corn-Soybean Production Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Shankar G. Shanmugam ◽  
Normie W. Buehring ◽  
Jon D. Prevost ◽  
William L. Kingery
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Production System ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Our understanding on the effects of tillage intensity on the soil microbial community structure and composition in crop production systems are limited. This study evaluated the soil microbial community composition and diversity under different tillage management systems in an effort to identify management practices that effectively support sustainable agriculture. We report results from a three-year study to determine the effects on changes in soil microbial diversity and composition from four tillage intensity treatments and two residue management treatments in a corn-soybean production system using Illumina high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Soil samples were collected from tillage treatments at locations in the Southern Coastal Plain (Verona, Mississippi, USA) and Southern Mississippi River Alluvium (Stoneville, Mississippi, USA) for soil analysis and bacterial community characterization. Our results indicated that different tillage intensity treatments differentially changed the relative abundances of bacterial phyla. The Mantel test of correlations indicated that differences among bacterial community composition were significantly influenced by tillage regime (rM = 0.39, p ≤ 0.0001). Simpson’s reciprocal diversity index indicated greater bacterial diversity with reduction in tillage intensity for each year and study location. For both study sites, differences in tillage intensity had significant influence on the abundance of Proteobacteria. The shift in the soil bacterial community composition under different tillage systems was strongly correlated to changes in labile carbon pool in the system and how it affected the microbial metabolism. This study indicates that soil management through tillage intensity regime had a profound influence on diversity and composition of soil bacterial communities in a corn-soybean production system.

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