scholarly journals Host genotype and stable differences in algal symbiont communities explain patterns of thermal stress response of Montipora capitata following thermal pre-exposure and across multiple bleaching events

Coral Reefs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Dilworth ◽  
Carlo Caruso ◽  
Valerie A. Kahkejian ◽  
Andrew C. Baker ◽  
Crawford Drury
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Montipora Capitata ◽  
Algal Symbiont

scholarly journals Host genotype and stable differences in algal symbiont communities explain patterns of thermal stress response of Montipora capitata following thermal pre-exposure and across multiple bleaching events

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Dilworth ◽  
Carlo Caruso ◽  
Valerie A. Kahkejian ◽  
Andrew C. Baker ◽  
Crawford Drury
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Coral Host ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Reef Environment ◽  
Montipora Capitata ◽  
Algal Symbionts ◽  
Algal Symbiont ◽  
Photochemical Damage

AbstractAs sea surface temperatures increase worldwide due to climate change, coral bleaching events are becoming more frequent and severe, resulting in reef degradation. Leveraging the inherent ability of reef-building corals to acclimatize to thermal stress via pre-exposure to protective temperature treatments may become an important tool in improving the resilience of coral reefs to rapid environmental change. We investigated whether historical bleaching phenotype, coral host genotype, and exposure to protective temperature treatments would affect the response of the Hawaiian coral Montipora capitata to natural thermal stress. Fragments were collected from colonies that demonstrated different bleaching responses during the 2014-2015 event in Kāne’ohe Bay (O’ahu, Hawai’i) and exposed to four different artificial temperature pre-treatments (and a control at ambient temperature). After recovery, fragments experienced a natural thermal stress event either in laboratory conditions or their native reef environment. Response to thermal stress was quantified by measuring changes in the algal symbionts’ photochemical efficiency, community composition, and relative density. Historical bleaching phenotype was reflected in stable differences in symbiont community composition, with historically bleached corals containing only Cladocopium symbionts and historically non-bleached corals having mixed symbiont communities dominated by Durusdinium. Mixed-community corals lost more Cladocopium than Cladocopium-only corals during the natural thermal stress event, and preferentially recovered with Durusdinium. Laboratory pre-treatments exposed corals to more thermal stress than anticipated, causing photochemical damage that varied significantly by genotype. While none of the treatments had a protective effect, temperature variation during treatments had a significant detrimental effect on photochemical efficiency during the thermal stress event. These results show that acclimatization potential is affected by fine-scale differences in temperature regime, host genotype, and relatively stable differences in symbiont community composition that underpin historical bleaching phenotypes in M. capitata.

scholarly journals An algal symbiont (Breviolum psygmophilum) responds more strongly to chronic high temperatures than its facultatively symbiotic coral host (Astrangia poculata)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea N. Chan ◽  
Luis A. González-Guerrero ◽  
Roberto Iglesias-Prieto ◽  
Elizabeth M. Burmester ◽  
Randi D. Rotjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Coral Host ◽  
Algal Symbionts ◽  
Algal Symbiont ◽  
Astrangia Poculata ◽  
And Control

AbstractScleractinian corals form the foundation of coral reefs by secreting skeletons of calcium carbonate. Their intracellular algal symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae) translocate a large proportion of photosynthate to the coral host, which is required to maintain high rates of calcification. Global warming is causing dissociation of coral host and algal symbiont, visibly presented as coral bleaching. Despite decades of study, the precise mechanisms of coral bleaching remain unknown. Separating the thermal stress response of the coral from the algal symbiont is key to understanding bleaching in tropical corals. The facultatively symbiotic northern star coral, Astrangia poculata, naturally occurs as both symbiotic and aposymbiotic (lacking algal symbionts) polyps – sometimes on the same coral colony. Thus, it is possible to separate the heat stress response of the coral host alone from the coral in symbiosis with its symbiont Breviolum psygmophilum. Using replicate symbiotic and aposymbiotic ramets of A. poculata, we conducted a chronic heat stress experiment to increase our understanding of the cellular mechanisms resulting in coral bleaching. Sustained high temperature stress resulted in photosynthetic dysfunction in B. psygmophilum, including a decline in maximum photosynthesis rate, maximum photochemical efficiency, and the absorbance peak of chlorophyll a. Interestingly, the metabolic rates of symbiotic and aposymbiotic corals were differentially impacted. RNAseq analysis revealed more differentially expressed genes between heat-stressed and control aposymbiotic colonies than heat-stressed and control symbiotic colonies. Notably, aposymbiotic colonies increased the expression of inflammation-associated genes such as nitric oxide synthases. Unexpectedly, the largest transcriptional response was observed between heat-stressed and control B. psygmophilum, including genes involved in photosynthesis, response to oxidative stress, and meiosis. Thus, it appears that the algal symbiont suppresses the immune response of the host, potentially increasing the vulnerability of the host to pathogens. The A. poculata-B. psygmophilum symbiosis provides a tractable model system for investigating thermal stress and immune challenge in scleractinian corals.

scholarly journals Metabolome shift associated with thermal stress in coral holobionts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Williams ◽  
Eric N. Chiles ◽  
Dennis Conetta ◽  
Jananan S. Pathmanathan ◽  
Phillip A. Cleves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Related Function ◽  
Montipora Capitata ◽  
Algal Symbiont ◽  
Coral Holobiont ◽  
Algal Symbiosis ◽  
Coral Health ◽  
Global Threat

SummaryCoral reef systems are under global threat due to warming and acidifying oceans1. Understanding the response of the coral holobiont to environmental change is crucial to aid conservation efforts. The most pressing problem is “coral bleaching”, usually precipitated by prolonged thermal stress that disrupts the algal symbiosis sustaining the holobiont2,3. We used metabolomics to understand how the coral holobiont metabolome responds to heat stress with the goal of identifying diagnostic markers prior to bleaching onset. We studied the heat tolerant Montipora capitata and heat sensitive Pocillopora acuta coral species from the Hawaiian reef system in Kāne’ohe Bay, O’ahu. Untargeted LC-MS analysis uncovered both known and novel metabolites that accumulate during heat stress. Among those showing the highest differential accumulation were a variety of co-regulated dipeptides present in both species. The structures of four of these compounds were determined (Arginine-Glutamine, Lysine-Glutamine, Arginine-Valine, and Arginine-Alanine). These dipeptides also showed differential accumulation in symbiotic and aposymbiotic (alga free) individuals of the sea anemone model Aiptasia4, suggesting their animal provenance and algal symbiont related function. Our results identify a suite of metabolites associated with thermal stress that can be used to diagnose coral health in wild samples.

scholarly journals Multi-omic characterization of the thermal stress phenome in the stony coral Montipora capitata

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12335
Author(s):  
Amanda Williams ◽  
Jananan S. Pathmanathan ◽  
Timothy G. Stephens ◽  
Xiaoyang Su ◽  
Eric N. Chiles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Coral Host ◽  
Metabolite Transport ◽  
Montipora Capitata ◽  
Mass Spawning ◽  
Metabolomic Data ◽  
Spawning Cycle

Background Corals, which form the foundation of biodiverse reef ecosystems, are under threat from warming oceans. Reefs provide essential ecological services, including food, income from tourism, nutrient cycling, waste removal, and the absorption of wave energy to mitigate erosion. Here, we studied the coral thermal stress response using network methods to analyze transcriptomic and polar metabolomic data generated from the Hawaiian rice coral Montipora capitata. Coral nubbins were exposed to ambient or thermal stress conditions over a 5-week period, coinciding with a mass spawning event of this species. The major goal of our study was to expand the inventory of thermal stress-related genes and metabolites present in M. capitata and to study gene-metabolite interactions. These interactions provide the foundation for functional or genetic analysis of key coral genes as well as provide potentially diagnostic markers of pre-bleaching stress. A secondary goal of our study was to analyze the accumulation of sex hormones prior to and during mass spawning to understand how thermal stress may impact reproductive success in M. capitata. Methods M. capitata was exposed to thermal stress during its spawning cycle over the course of 5 weeks, during which time transcriptomic and polar metabolomic data were collected. We analyzed these data streams individually, and then integrated both data sets using MAGI (Metabolite Annotation and Gene Integration) to investigate molecular transitions and biochemical reactions. Results Our results reveal the complexity of the thermal stress phenome in M. capitata, which includes many genes involved in redox regulation, biomineralization, and reproduction. The size and number of modules in the gene co-expression networks expanded from the initial stress response to the onset of bleaching. The later stages involved the suppression of metabolite transport by the coral host, including a variety of sodium-coupled transporters and a putative ammonium transporter, possibly as a response to reduction in algal productivity. The gene-metabolite integration data suggest that thermal treatment results in the activation of animal redox stress pathways involved in quenching molecular oxygen to prevent an overabundance of reactive oxygen species. Lastly, evidence that thermal stress affects reproductive activity was provided by the downregulation of CYP-like genes and the irregular production of sex hormones during the mass spawning cycle. Overall, redox regulation and metabolite transport are key components of the coral animal thermal stress phenome. Mass spawning was highly attenuated under thermal stress, suggesting that global climate change may negatively impact reproductive behavior in this species.

Potential role of specific microRNAs in the regulation of thermal stress response in livestock

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 102859
Author(s):  
Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza ◽  
Sameh A. Abdelnour ◽  
Aya I.M. Dhshan ◽  
Abdallah A. Hassanin ◽  
Ahmed E. Noreldin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Potential Role

Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of thermal stress response and memory

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Noam Meiri ◽  
Tatiana Kisliouk ◽  
Tomer Cramer ◽  
Tali Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms

scholarly journals Global gene expression patterns in response to white patch syndrome: Disentangling symbiont loss from the thermal stress response in reef-building coral

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly D. Kenkel ◽  
Veronique J.L. Mocellin ◽  
Line K. Bay
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Host Protein ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
White Patch

AbstractThe mechanisms resulting in the breakdown of the coral symbiosis once the process of bleaching has been initiated remain unclear. Distinguishing symbiont loss from the abiotic stress response may shed light on the cellular and molecular pathways involved in each process. This study examined physiological changes and global gene expression patterns associated with white patch syndrome (WPS) in P. lobata, which manifests in localized bleaching independent of thermal stress. In addition, a meta-analysis of global gene expression studies in other corals and anemones was used to contrast differential regulation as a result of abiotic stress from expression patterns correlated with symbiotic state. Symbiont density, chlorophyll a content, holobiont productivity, instant calcification rate, and total host protein content were uniformly reduced in WPS relative to healthy tissue. While expression patterns associated with WPS were secondary to fixed effects of source colony, specific functional enrichments suggest that the viral infection putatively giving rise to this condition affects symbiont rather than host cells. The meta-analysis revealed that expression patterns in WPS-affected tissues were significantly correlated with prior studies examining short-term thermal stress responses. This correlation was independent of symbiotic state, as the strongest correlations were found between WPS adults and both symbiotic adult and aposymbiotic coral larvae experiencing thermal stress, suggesting that the majority of expression changes reflect a non-specific stress response. Across studies, the magnitude and direction of expression change among particular functional enrichments suggests unique responses to stressor duration, and highlights unique responses to bleaching in an anemone model which engages in a non-obligate symbiosis.

Promoter variants at AP2 box region of Hsp70.1 affect thermal stress response and milk production traits in Frieswal cross bred cattle

Gene ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 532 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajib Deb ◽  
Basavaraj Sajjanar ◽  
Umesh Singh ◽  
Sushil Kumar ◽  
M.P. Brahmane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits

scholarly journals Differential Responses of the Coral Host and Their Algal Symbiont to Thermal Stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. e26687 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Leggat ◽  
Francois Seneca ◽  
Kenneth Wasmund ◽  
Lubna Ukani ◽  
David Yellowlees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Coral Host ◽  
Algal Symbiont ◽  
Differential Responses
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