scholarly journals Winter synoptic-scale variability over the Mediterranean Basin under future climate conditions as simulated by the ECHAM5

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 473-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Cornelius Raible ◽  
Baruch Ziv ◽  
Hadas Saaroni ◽  
Martin Wild
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

scholarly journals Review Article: Atmospheric conditions inducing extreme precipitation over the Eastern and Western Mediterranean

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 3687-3732 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Dayan ◽  
K. M. Nissen ◽  
U. Ulbrich
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Abstract. This review discusses published studies of heavy rainfall events over the Mediterranean Basin, combining them in a more general picture of the dynamic and thermodynamic factors and processes producing heavy rain storms. It distinguishes the Western and Eastern Mediterranean in order to point at specific regional peculiarities. The crucial moisture for developing intensive convection over these regions can be originated not only from the adjacent Mediterranean Sea but also from distant upwind sources. Transport from remote sources is usually in the mid-tropospheric layers and associated with specific features and patterns of the larger scale circulations. The synoptic systems (tropical and extra-tropical) accounting for most of the major extreme precipitation events and the coupling of circulation and extreme rainfall patterns are presented. Heavy rainfall over the Mediterranean Basin is caused at times in concert by several atmospheric processes working at different atmospheric scales, such as local convection, upper-level synoptic-scale troughs, and meso-scale convective systems. Under tropical air mass intrusions, convection generated by static instability seems to play a more important role than synoptic-scale vertical motions. Locally, the occurrence of torrential rains and their intensity is dependent on factors such as temperature profiles and implied instability, atmospheric moisture, and lower-level convergence.

scholarly journals Review Article: Atmospheric conditions inducing extreme precipitation over the eastern and western Mediterranean

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2525-2544 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Dayan ◽  
K. Nissen ◽  
U. Ulbrich
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Abstract. This review discusses published studies of heavy rainfall events over the Mediterranean Basin, combining them in a more general picture of the dynamic and thermodynamic factors and processes that produce heavy rain storms. It distinguishes the western and eastern Mediterranean in order to point out specific regional peculiarities. The crucial moisture for developing intensive convection over these regions can be originated not only from the adjacent Mediterranean Sea but also from distant upwind sources. Transport from remote sources is usually in the mid-tropospheric layers and associated with specific features and patterns of the larger-scale circulations. The synoptic systems (tropical and extratropical) that account for most of the major extreme precipitation events and the coupling of circulation and extreme rainfall patterns are presented. Heavy rainfall over the Mediterranean Basin is caused at times in concert by several atmospheric processes working at different atmospheric scales, such as local convection, upper synoptic-scale-level troughs, and mesoscale convective systems. Under tropical air-mass intrusions, convection generated by static instability seems to play a more important role than synoptic-scale vertical motions. Locally, the occurrence of torrential rains and their intensity is dependent on factors such as temperature profiles and implied instability, atmospheric moisture, and lower-level convergence.

scholarly journals Saharan Hot and Dry Sirocco Winds Drive Extreme Fire Events in Mediterranean Tunisia (North Africa)

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiraz Belhadj-Khedher ◽  
Taoufik El-Melki ◽  
Florent Mouillot
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Extreme Fire

With hot and dry summers, the Mediterranean basin is affected by recurrent fires. While drought is the major driver of the seasonal and inter-annual fire distribution in its northern and mildest climate conditions, some extreme fire events are also linked to extreme winds or heat waves. The southern part of the Mediterranean basin is located at the driest range of the Mediterranean bioclimate and is influenced by Saharan atmospheric circulations, leading to extreme hot and dry episodes, called Sirocco, and potentially acting as a major contributor to fire hazard. The recently created fire database for Tunisia was used to investigate the ±10-day pre- and post-fire timeframe of daily weather conditions associated with fire events over the 1985–2006 period. Positive anomalies in minimum and maximum temperatures, negative anomalies in air relative humidity, and a preferential south-eastern wind during fire events were identified, which were characteristic of Sirocco winds. +7 °C anomalies in air temperature and −30% in relative air humidity were the critical thresholds for the most extreme fire conditions. In addition, meteorological anomalies started two days before fire events and lasted for three days after for large fires >400 ha, which suggests that the duration of the Sirocco event is linked with fire duration and final fire size. Lastly, the yearly number of intense Sirocco events better explained the inter-annual variability of burned area over the 1950–2006 period than summer drought based on Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI) indices.

Large scale moisture flux characteristics of the mediterranean basin and their relationships with drier and wetter climate conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 3381-3401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinan Şahin ◽  
Murat Türkeş ◽  
Sheng-Hung Wang ◽  
David Hannah ◽  
Warren Eastwood
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Moisture Flux ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Barley ideotyping for the adaptation to heat stress in the Mediterranean basin. A bibliometric search approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agostino Fricano ◽  
Erica Mica ◽  
Raffaella Battaglia ◽  
Alessandro Tondelli ◽  
Calogero Schillaci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Land Suitability ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Search Approach ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

<p>Barley is a widespread crop in the Mediterranean area and in temperate climates. Barley impact in the food chain is very important for its value as food and feed. The societal demand is for more productive varieties, which can be able to cope with the current and future climate scenarios. Change in climate is expected to result in more adverse conditions for the barley growth and alter land suitability in its growing regions, such as the Mediterranean basin. In this context, laboratory and modelling activities for the so-called “in silico ideotyping” can be effectively carried out to design new germplasms and to define optimal field management practices. As a first step to reach this objective, we collate the available scientific research about the identification of optimal phenotypic traits for the adaptation to harsh environments. In the framework of the GENDIBAR project (Utilization of local genetic diversity for studying barley adaptation to harsh environments and for pre-breeding; PRIMA European Funding Programme), a bibliometric analysis was carried out in the SCOPUS database with the aim to find published papers about barley adaptation in relation to changing climate. The initial query was (barley AND climate AND adaptation); it contained few keywords and resulted in less than 200 publications. By adding (barley AND ideotyping OR barley AND phenotyping), the search reached 450 records. The most comprehensive search was achieved by adding another OR condition (Barley AND future climate OR climate change) that yielded more than 1000 results. Although these records seemed relevant, a deeper analysis showed that less than 5% of these studies are of real interest and moreover the manual screening of the abstracts of all records will require around a month of work. The second query represents a compromise between the simplest query (barley AND climate AND adaptation) and the last query made by three conditions bonded together. This literature search approach highlighted the results of manipulative experiments and modelling studies for deriving phenotyping and agronomic traits to address in-silico ideotyping design. However, the search outcome suggests that there is a gap of knowledge about the barley phenotypic traits needed to cope with climate change in the semi-arid and arid regions of the Mediterranean basin. This approach is expected to further provide useful information for the development of land suitability models, as well as for barley breeding.</p>

scholarly journals Climatic Uncertainty in the Mediterranean Basin and Its Possible Relevance to Important Economic Sectors

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Haim Kutiel
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The Mediterranean Basin is among the densest populated regions of the world with forecasts for a further population increase in the coming decades. Agriculture and tourism are two main economic activities of this region. Both activities depend highly on climate and weather conditions. Climate and weather in turn, present a large variability both in space and in time which results in different uncertainty types. Any change in weather and or climate conditions in the coming decades due to climate change may increase this uncertainty. Temporal uncertainty is discussed in detail and different ways of how to exhibit it are presented with examples from various locations in the Mediterranean basin. Forecasted increased uncertainty may in turn increase future challenges for long term planning and managing of agriculture and tourism in that part of the world.

scholarly journals Increased likelihood of heat-induced large wildfires in the Mediterranean Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Ruffault ◽  
T Curt ◽  
V Moron ◽  
RM Trigo ◽  
F Mouillot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Weather Types ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

AbstractWildfire activity is expected to increase across the Mediterranean Basin because of climate change. However, the effects of future climate changes on the combinations of atmospheric conditions that promote large wildfires remain largely unknown. Using a fire-weather based classification of wildfires, we show that future climate scenarios point to an increase in the frequency and severity of two heat-induced fire-weather types that have been responsible for a majority of record-breaking wildfire events. Heat-induced fire-weather types are characterized by compound dry warm conditions and occur in the summer during heatwaves, either under moderate (sudden heatwave type) or intense (hot drought type) drought. Heat-induced fire weather is projected to increase in frequency by 14% by the end of the century (2071-2100) under the RCP4.5 scenario, and by 30% under the RCP8.5. These findings suggest that the frequency and extent of large wildfires will increase throughout the Mediterranean Basin, with far-reaching impacts.

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