A conceptual framework for time and space scale interactions in the climate system

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 753-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Meehl ◽  
R. Lukas ◽  
G. N. Kiladis ◽  
K. M. Weickmann ◽  
A. J. Matthews ◽  
...  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Arroyo Ohori ◽  
Hugo Ledoux ◽  
Jantien Stoter

Objects of more than three dimensions can be used to model geographic phenomena that occur in space, time and scale. For instance, a single 4D object can be used to represent the changes in a 3D object’s shape across time or all its optimal representations at various levels of detail. In this paper, we look at how such higher-dimensional space-time and space-scale objects can be visualised as projections from ℝ4to ℝ3. We present three projections that we believe are particularly intuitive for this purpose: (i) a simple ‘long axis’ projection that puts 3D objects side by side; (ii) the well-known orthographic and perspective projections; and (iii) a projection to a 3-sphere (S3) followed by a stereographic projection to ℝ3, which results in an inwards-outwards fourth axis. Our focus is in using these projections from ℝ4to ℝ3, but they are formulated from ℝnto ℝn−1so as to be easily extensible and to incorporate other non-spatial characteristics. We present a prototype interactive visualiser that applies these projections from 4D to 3D in real-time using the programmable pipeline and compute shaders of the Metal graphics API.


2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Beverley A. Brenna

A study of 50 contemporary Canadian novels for children and young adults explores patterns and trends regarding the construction of characters with disabilities, becoming a frame for the portraits of three Canadian authors, including a self-portrait. An adaptation of the Bakhtinian notion of the chronotope, applied to literary theory, provides a lens within which aspects of time and space are identified in relation to the internal chronotope of these characterizations, as well as in relation to the external chronotope of particular authors’ iterations, within their work, of actual space and time. A conceptual framework of critical literacy is used to highlight implications for including as classroom resources, texts about characters with disabilities.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Verleger ◽  
Kamila Śmigasiewicz ◽  
Lars Michael ◽  
Laura Heikaus ◽  
Michael Niedeggen

In order to study the changing relevance of stimulus features in time and space, we used a task with rapid serial presentation of two stimulus streams where two targets (“T1” and “T2”) had to be distinguished from background stimuli and where the difficult T2 distinction was impeded by background stimuli presented before T1 that resemble T2 (“lures”). Such lures might actually have dual characteristics: Their capturing attention might interfere with target identification, whereas their similarity to T2 might result in positive priming. To test this idea here, T2 was a blue digit among black letters, and lures resembled T2 either by alphanumeric category (black digits) or by salience (blue letters). Same-category lures were expected to prime T2 identification whereas salient lures would impede T2 identification. Results confirmed these predictions, yet the precise pattern of results did not fit our conceptual framework. To account for this pattern, we speculate that lures serve to confuse participants about the order of events, and the major factor distinguishing color lures and digit lures is their confusability with T2. Mechanisms of effects were additionally explored by measuring event-related EEG potentials. Consistent with the assumption that they attract more attention, color lures evoked larger N2pc than digit lures and affected the ensuing T1-evoked N2pc. T2-evoked N2pc was indistinguishably reduced by all kinds of preceding lures, though. Lure-evoked mesio-frontal negativity increased from first to third lures both with digit and color lures and, thereby, might have reflected expectancy for T1.


2020 ◽  
pp. 39-57
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Misztal

This paper elucidates the structure and scope of Pynchon’s temporal imagination by studying the complex relations between narrative time and modality in his 1997 novel Mason & Dixon using the conceptual framework of contemporary narratology. It argues that Pynchon’s use of the subjunctive mode allows him not only to articulate the political and ideological concerns in his vision of America on the eve of its founding but also to address the problems of historicity, causality and irreversibility of time. By employing the subjunctive as a general narrative strategy, Mason & Dixon challenges the various temporal regimes and discourses of modernity, and projects imaginative re-figurations of time and space. In carrying this out, the novel moves beyond what Pynchon calls “the network of ordinary latitude and longitude” (Against the Day 250) and replaces a totalizing singularity with plurality of times and timescapes


2016 ◽  
Vol 2016.52 (0) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Kenta Itagaki ◽  
Masahisa Shinoda

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document