The role of fortified foods and nutritional supplements in increasing vitamin D intake in Irish preschool children

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 1219-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Áine Hennessy ◽  
Fiona Browne ◽  
Mairead Kiely ◽  
Janette Walton ◽  
Albert Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Fortified Foods ◽  
Vitamin D Intake

scholarly journals Main sources and parental educational level differences in intake of vitamin D in Finnish preschool children

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Essi Skaffari ◽  
Liisa Korkalo ◽  
Henna Vepsäläinen ◽  
Suvi Itkonen ◽  
Kaija Nissinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Fluid Milk

AbstractIn Finland the recommendation for the use of vitamin D supplement is a daily supplement throughout the year for all children. It is also recommended that fluid milk products and fat spreads are fortified with vitamin D. The purpose of this study was to provide up-to-date data on children's dietary and supplemental intake of vitamin D. We also examined educational level differences in the intake and sources of vitamin D.A cross-sectional study on the diet in Finnish 3–6-year-old preschool children (the DAGIS Study) was carried out in 2015–2016. Children were recruited in preschools in Southern Finland and in the Southern Ostrobothnia Region (n = 864). The parents reported child's supplement use (brand name, dose, frequency of use) during the last month and their own education level. The highest parental education level (PEL) was used in analysis. Parents and preschool personnel also filled in a 3-day food record for the child. A part of the families also kept an additional 2-day food record, which we sent to capture seasonal variation in the diet. In this analysis we included children (n = 794) with data for supplement use and at least 1-day food record. We calculated dietary intake based on the Fineli food composition database and created a dietary supplement database. We used Kruskal-Wallis test for statistical analysis.Most of the children in all PELs used vitamin D supplements (low 77%, medium 85%, high 85%). Dietary supplements covered almost half of the total intake in all groups (low 42%, medium 48%, high 47%, p = 0,087). The main dietary sources of vitamin D were fortified fluid milk products, fortified fat spreads and fish dishes. A higher proportion of vitamin D was obtained from fish dishes in families with higher PEL (low 4.3%, medium 4.5%, high 6.1%, p = 0.005), but otherwise there were no differences in the proportions of the main sources. The vitamin D intake from diet and supplements was lowest in families with low PEL but the total intake of vitamin D was adequate in all groups (low 18.3, medium 20.7, high 20.7 μg/day, p = 0.001).The use of vitamin D fortified fluid milk products and fat spreads and the vitamin D supplementation seem to ensure adequate vitamin D intake in all children, regardless the level of parental education.

scholarly journals Vitamin D intake of Dutch infants from the combination of (fortified) foods, infant formula, and dietary supplements

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 581-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke Verkaik-Kloosterman ◽  
Marja H. Beukers ◽  
Martine Jansen-van der Vliet ◽  
Marga C. Ocké
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Fortified Foods ◽  
Vitamin D Intake

Abstract 2212: Vitamin D Intake: A Novel Neuroprotectant?

Stroke ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne E Judd ◽  
Anh Le ◽  
Dawn O Kleindorfer ◽  
Brett Kissela ◽  
Paul Muntner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Neurological Functioning ◽  
History Of ◽  
Record Review

Introduction Vitamin D is both a nutrient and hormone and has become increasingly studied as it relates to circulatory and neurological functioning. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and dementia. It has also been related to hypertension and diabetes. We examined the role of vitamin D intake on incident stroke and incident cognitive impairment in a cohort of middle aged and older adults. Methods The Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS), a cohort of 30,239 participants, was recruited between 2003 and 2007 and is comprised of black and white Americans age 45 and older at baseline. Vitamin D intake was measured by the Block 98 food frequency questionnaire and categorized into tertiles. Participants are surveyed every six months for incident strokes which are adjudicated using medical record review. Cognitive functioning is assessed annually using the Six-item Screener (SIS)(score range 0-6). A score of 4 or below indicates impairment. For the incident stroke analysis, we excluded all people with prior history of stroke, and for the incident cognitive impairment analysis we excluded those with SIS scores<5 at baseline. Results: 26,039 participants were available for this analysis and were followed over a mean of 5 years. Higher intake of vitamin D was more likely for whites but did not differ by gender or age. Compared to the lowest tertile (range: 0-53.1 IU/day vitamin D), the highest tertile (range: 382-1774 IU/day) of vitamin D intake was associated with a 11% reduction in stroke (HR=0.89; 95% CI =0.79, 1.01) and 24% reduction in cognitive impairment (HR=0.76; 95% CI =0.67,0.86) after adjustment for age, race, income, education, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, history of heart disease, and BMI. When stratifying by race results were similar for both stroke and cognitive decline. Adding dairy intake to the models slightly attenuated the association but did not meaningfully change the interpretation of the results. Discussion: Results suggest a potential role of vitamin D in incident stroke and cognitive impairment. Clinical trials could evaluate the potential of Vitamin D as a neuroprotectant.

scholarly journals The role of cereals in the aetiology of nutritional rickets: the lesson of the Irish National Nutrition Survey 1943–8

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Robertson ◽  
J. A. Ford ◽  
W. B. McIntosh ◽  
M. G. Dunnigan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Extraction Rate ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Nutritional Rickets ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements

1. Review of the evidence of the Irish Nutrition Survey concerning a marked rise in the incidence of rickets in Dublin in 1942 concludes that a rise in the extraction rate of the national flour from 70 to 100% was principally responsible.2. This rise and subsequent decrease in incidence as the extraction rate of flour was reduced is not explained by changes in the proportion of children protected by vitamin D supplements or by small changes in dietary vitamin D intake.3. The evidence suggests that nutritional rickets in man cannot be explained on the basis of deficient vitamin D intake alone, whether derived from diet or U.V. radiation.

scholarly journals The role of fortified foods and nutritional supplements in the diets of older Irish adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Kehoe ◽  
Janette Walton ◽  
Breige A. McNulty ◽  
Anne P. Nugent ◽  
Albert Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Fortified Foods ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Fortified Food

AbstractLow intakes and suboptimal status of vitamin D, riboflavin, vitamin B12, folate and calcium have been reported in older adults across Europe. Dietary strategies to improve micronutrient intakes and status could include food fortification (mandatory or voluntary) and/or the use of nutritional supplements. This study aims to examine the impact of fortified food consumption and nutritional supplement use on nutrient intakes and nutritional status of vitamin D, riboflavin, vitamin B12, dietary folate equivalents (DFE) and calcium in older Irish adults.Analyses were based on the National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) (2008–2010). A 4 day semi-weighed food record was used to collect food and beverage intake data (including nutritional supplement use) from a nationally representative sample of 1500 adults (226 older adults (≥ 65y)). Blood samples (n 1126 (n 145 ≥ 65y)) were collected, processed and analysed using standard operating procedures. Nutrient intakes were estimated using WISP© based on UK and Irish food composition data. Fortified foods were identified as those that had one or more micronutrients added in the ingredient list and a nutritional supplement was defined as a supplement containing vitamins and/or minerals (i.e. excludes herbal/non-nutritional supplements). A fortified food consumer or nutritional supplement user was defined as a participant who consumed a fortified food or took a nutritional supplement at any time over the 4-day recording period. Usual intakes of micronutrients were calculated via the NCI-method using SAS© Enterprise Guide and analyses of biomarker data were carried out using SPSS©.The consumption of fortified foods and/or use of nutritional supplements increased mean intakes of vitamin D (3.6 to 6.9μg/d), riboflavin (1.6 to 2.3mg/d), vitamin B12 (4.5 to 6.0μg/d), DFE (228 to 408μg/d) and calcium (784 to 947mg/d) in older Irish adults and reduced the prevalence of inadequate intakes of these micronutrients by up to 40%. Furthermore, consumers of fortified foods and/or nutritional supplements had improved biomarker status and reduced prevalence of low/deficient status for vitamin D (62 vs 16%), riboflavin (65 vs 11%), vitamin B12 (8 vs 0%) and folate (serum folate:18 vs 0%; red blood cell folate: 0% across all groups) when compared to non-consumers.This study has shown that fortified foods and/or nutritional supplements represent an opportunity to improve intakes and status of key micronutrients in older adults. The data presented in this study will serve to inform the development and implementation of updated dietary recommendations for older adults in Ireland.

scholarly journals Could nutritional supplements act as therapeutic adjuvants in COVID-19?

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Costagliola ◽  
Erika Spada ◽  
Pasquale Comberiati ◽  
Diego G. Peroni
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Few Data

Abstract Background The role of the immune system and inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of the severe manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is well known. Currently, different therapies active on the immune system are used for the management of COVID-19. The involvement of the immune system also opens the opportunity for the use of nutritional supplements with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity. Main aspects Nutritional supplements with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity are promising therapeutic adjuvants for the treatment of COVID-19, and also for the prevention of viral spreading. In particular, the role of vitamin D, probiotics, lactoferrin, and zinc is of significant clinical interest, although there are only a few data on their use in COVID-19 patients. Their molecular actions, together with the results of studies performed on other respiratory infections, strongly suggest their potential utility in COVID-19. This article discusses the main properties of these nutritional supplements and their potential applicability in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Conclusion The supplementation with vitamin D, probiotics, lactoferrin and zinc could have a role both in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and in mitigating the clinical course in infected patients, contributing in the prevention of immune-mediated organ damage.

scholarly journals Vitamin D intake and weight status in preschool children

Pediatru ro ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (64) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Diana Voican ◽  
Anca A. Simionescu ◽  
Ana Maria Alexandra Stănescu ◽  
Marina Ruxandra Oţelea
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Vitamin D Intake

Hypovitaminosis D in Healthy Toddlers and Preschool Children from Western Saudi Arabia

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 50-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama A. Kensarah ◽  
Abdelelah S. Jazar ◽  
Firas S. Azzeh
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Vitamin D Intake

Abstract. Background: Vitamin D deficiency is common in Saudi Arabia. No sufficient data are available on the vitamin D status of preschool children. Aims: To investigate the vitamin D status among toddlers and preschool children and to evaluate the factors associated with hypovitaminosis D in Western Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 503 preschool children in Makkah. The children were divided into two age categories: 1 - 3 years (toddlers) and 3 - 6 years (preschool). Sociodemographic factors, life-style factors, eating habits, body mass index (BMI), 25-(OH)-vitamin D3, parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorous, and alkaline phosphatase concentrations were determined. Results: Sixty-three % of children had a vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D in toddlers was significantly higher than in preschool children. Vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with BMI (r = - 0.419, P < 0.001), and duration of breast feeding (r = - 0.270, P = 0.027), but a significant positive correlation with vitamin D intake (r = 0.335, P = 0.021), calcium intake (r = 0.25, P = 0.029), duration of formula feeding (r = 0.354, P = 0.019), and outdoor physical activity (r = 0.381, P = 0.011) was found. Multivariable predictors of hypovitaminosis D were preschool age (OR = 11, [95 % CI: 2.78 - 43.57], P < 0.001), outdoor physical inactivity (OR = 2.44, [95 % CI: 0.93 - 14.12], P < 0.001), obesity (OR = 2.3, [95 % CI: 1.25 - 7.08], P = 0.008), overweight (OR = 2.16, [95 % CI: 1.18 - 6.01], P = 0.039), inadequate vitamin D intake (OR = 1.65, [95 % CI: 1.12 - 2.53], P = 0.012), exclusive formula feeding (OR = 0.53, [95 % CI: 0.41 - 0.72], P < 0.001), and breast and formula feeding (OR = 0.62 [95 % CI: 0.39 - 0.88], P = 0.002). Conclusion: Hypovitaminosis D is a public health concern, especially in preschool children. Possible determinants of low vitamin D status in preschool children in the Makkah region could be related to age, high BMI, inadequate vitamin D intake, exclusive breastfeeding, and outdoor physical inactivity.

scholarly journals Prognostic role of vitamin D receptor in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Cancer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Xu ◽  
Zhenhua Liu ◽  
Hongtai Shi ◽  
Chunbin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Meta Regression

Abstract Background A higher vitamin D intake improves the prognosis of early stage breast cancer (BC) patients. We hypothesized that vitamin D intake should refer to vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression. In order to prove this hypothesis, we first intend to evaluate the correlation between VDR expression and prognosis of BC patients using meta-analysis. Methods Literatures from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library (last update by May 20, 2020) were retrieved to find studies assessing the prognostic role of VDR in BC. The hazard ratios (HRs) for patients’ survival were extracted for pooled analyses. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and meta-regression were performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Results Seven articles containing eight studies with 2503 patients were enrolled. The results from the pooled analyses showed that the VDR expression generally had no relationship with BC patients’ overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and progression-free survival (PFS) (P > 0.05). Because only the number of studies exploring the relationship between VDR expression and OS is greater than five and there is heterogeneity, we explored the sources of heterogeneity of these studies. Subgroup analyses showed that the VDR expression in the nucleus had no relationship with OS, but high total VDR expression in the nucleus and cytoplasm was related to a better OS (pooled HR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.18–0.95; P = 0.038). In addition, in subgroup of studies using cut-off values other than ‘immunoreactive score (IRS)>5’ and ‘IRS > 25′, high VDR expression was associated with a better OS (pooled HR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.30–0.74; P = 0.001). Sensitivity analysis showed that the result pattern was not obviously affected by any single study. Meta-regression showed that the source of heterogeneity was not country (P = 0.657), pathological type (P = 0.614), molecular type (P = 0.423), staining location (P = 0.481), or cut-off value (P = 0.509). Conclusions The protein expression level of VDR in entire BC cells evaluated by immunohistochemistry is related to the OS of BC patients. It is expected that a more individualized vitamin D intake and a more accurate prognosis assessment can be recommended for BC patients based on the VDR expression. Of course, more preclinical and clinical studies are needed.

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