scholarly journals Main sources and parental educational level differences in intake of vitamin D in Finnish preschool children

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Essi Skaffari ◽  
Liisa Korkalo ◽  
Henna Vepsäläinen ◽  
Suvi Itkonen ◽  
Kaija Nissinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Fluid Milk

AbstractIn Finland the recommendation for the use of vitamin D supplement is a daily supplement throughout the year for all children. It is also recommended that fluid milk products and fat spreads are fortified with vitamin D. The purpose of this study was to provide up-to-date data on children's dietary and supplemental intake of vitamin D. We also examined educational level differences in the intake and sources of vitamin D.A cross-sectional study on the diet in Finnish 3–6-year-old preschool children (the DAGIS Study) was carried out in 2015–2016. Children were recruited in preschools in Southern Finland and in the Southern Ostrobothnia Region (n = 864). The parents reported child's supplement use (brand name, dose, frequency of use) during the last month and their own education level. The highest parental education level (PEL) was used in analysis. Parents and preschool personnel also filled in a 3-day food record for the child. A part of the families also kept an additional 2-day food record, which we sent to capture seasonal variation in the diet. In this analysis we included children (n = 794) with data for supplement use and at least 1-day food record. We calculated dietary intake based on the Fineli food composition database and created a dietary supplement database. We used Kruskal-Wallis test for statistical analysis.Most of the children in all PELs used vitamin D supplements (low 77%, medium 85%, high 85%). Dietary supplements covered almost half of the total intake in all groups (low 42%, medium 48%, high 47%, p = 0,087). The main dietary sources of vitamin D were fortified fluid milk products, fortified fat spreads and fish dishes. A higher proportion of vitamin D was obtained from fish dishes in families with higher PEL (low 4.3%, medium 4.5%, high 6.1%, p = 0.005), but otherwise there were no differences in the proportions of the main sources. The vitamin D intake from diet and supplements was lowest in families with low PEL but the total intake of vitamin D was adequate in all groups (low 18.3, medium 20.7, high 20.7 μg/day, p = 0.001).The use of vitamin D fortified fluid milk products and fat spreads and the vitamin D supplementation seem to ensure adequate vitamin D intake in all children, regardless the level of parental education.

scholarly journals Validation of a Vitamin D Specific Questionnaire to Determine Vitamin D Status in Athletes

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2732 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Enette Larson-Meyer ◽  
Corey S. Douglas ◽  
Joi J. Thomas ◽  
Evan C. Johnson ◽  
Jacqueline N. Barcal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Tanning Bed

The study objective was to validate a food frequency and lifestyle questionnaire (FFLQ) to assess vitamin D intake and lifestyle factors affecting status. Methods: Data collected previously during the fall (n = 86), winter (n = 49), and spring (n = 67) in collegiate-athletes (Study 1) and in active adults (n = 123) (Study 2) were utilized. Study 1: Vitamin D intake and ultraviolet B exposure were estimated using the FFLQ and compared to serum 25(OH)D concentrations via simple correlation and linear regression modeling. Study 2: Vitamin D intake from food was estimated using FFLQ and compared to vitamin D intake reported in 7-Day food diaries via paired t-test and Bland–Altman analysis. Results: Study 1: Serum 25(OH)D was not associated with vitamin D intake from food, food plus supplements, or sun exposure, but was associated with tanning bed use (r = 0.39) in spring, supplement use in fall (r = 0.28), and BMI (body mass index) (r = −0.32 to −0.47) across all seasons. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were explained by BMI, tanning bed use, and sun exposure in fall, (R = 0.42), BMI in winter (R = 0.32), and BMI and tanning bed use in spring (R = 0.52). Study 2: Estimated Vitamin D intake from food was 186.4 ± 125.7 via FFLQ and 148.5 ± 228.2 IU/day via food diary. There was no association between intake estimated by the two methodologies (r = 0.12, p < 0.05). Conclusions: FFLQ-estimated vitamin D intake was not associated with serum 25(OH)D concentration or food-record-estimated vitamin D intake. Results highlight the difficulty of designing/utilizing intake methodologies for vitamin D, as its status is influenced by body size and both endogenous and exogenous (dietary) sources.

Use of Vitamin D and other Dietary Supplements by Finnish Children at the Age of 2 and 3 Years

2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjamäki ◽  
Räsänen ◽  
Uusitalo ◽  
Ahonen ◽  
Veijola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Supplement Use

The aims of this study were to investigate the frequency of the use of vitamin D and other dietary supplements by Finnish children at the age of 2 and 3 years, to evaluate daily nutrient intake from supplements, and to investigate the relation between supplement use and various sociodemographic factors. The families of 534 newborn infants were invited to a birth cohort study in 1996–1997. Families of 292 children at the child's age of 2 years and families of 263 children at the age of 3 years completed a three-day food record from which the daily use of dietary supplements was calculated. The frequency of dietary supplement use was 50% among the two-year-olds, and 37% among the three-year-old children. The most commonly used supplements among the two-year-olds were vitamin D or vitamin A+D combination (38%) and fluoride (16%) and among the three-year-olds fluoride (19%) and multivitamins (16%), respectively. Intake of nutrients other than vitamin D or fluoride from supplements was rare among two-year-olds, whereas 16% of the three-year-olds received also vitamin A, C, E, and several group B vitamins. Mean daily intake of vitamin D from supplements was 6.7 mug at the age of 2 years and 5.3 mug at the age of 3 years, respectively. The level of parental education was positively associated with the child's vitamin D supplementation at the age of 2 years. As the compliance with national recommendations of vitamin D supplementation was low, intensified counseling of the parents is needed at the well-baby clinics in Finland.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Fortification of Fluid Milk Products and Their Contribution to Vitamin D Intake and Vitamin D Status in Observational Studies—A Review

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvi Itkonen ◽  
Maijaliisa Erkkola ◽  
Christel Lamberg-Allardt
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Fortified Milk ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Fluid Milk

Fluid milk products are systematically, either mandatorily or voluntarily, fortified with vitamin D in some countries but their overall contribution to vitamin D intake and status worldwide is not fully understood. We searched the PubMed database to evaluate the contribution of vitamin D-fortified fluid milk products (regular milk and fermented products) to vitamin D intake and serum or plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status in observational studies during 1993–2017. Twenty studies provided data on 25(OH)D status (n = 19,744), and 22 provided data on vitamin D intake (n = 99,023). Studies showed positive associations between the consumption of vitamin D-fortified milk and 25(OH)D status in different population groups. In countries with a national vitamin D fortification policy covering various fluid milk products (Finland, Canada, United States), milk products contributed 28–63% to vitamin D intake, while in countries without a fortification policy, or when the fortification covered only some dairy products (Sweden, Norway), the contribution was much lower or negligible. To conclude, based on the reviewed observational studies, vitamin D-fortified fluid milk products contribute to vitamin D intake and 25(OH)D status. However, their impact on vitamin D intake at the population level depends on whether vitamin D fortification is systematic and policy-based.

The role of fortified foods and nutritional supplements in increasing vitamin D intake in Irish preschool children

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 1219-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Áine Hennessy ◽  
Fiona Browne ◽  
Mairead Kiely ◽  
Janette Walton ◽  
Albert Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Fortified Foods ◽  
Vitamin D Intake

scholarly journals Vitamin D Intake from Supplemental Sources but Not from Food Sources Has Increased in the Canadian Population Over Time

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-535
Author(s):  
Hassan Vatanparast ◽  
Rashmi Prakash Patil ◽  
Naorin Islam ◽  
Mojtaba Shafiee ◽  
Susan J Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Percentage Contribution ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
Vitamin D Supplement

ABSTRACT Background Evidence is lacking to determine whether there have been any changes in dietary or total usual intakes of vitamin D among Canadians, in the light of recent evidence of beneficial health effects beyond bone. Objective We aimed to examine trends in dietary and total usual intake of vitamin D among Canadians aged ≥1 y. Methods This study used nationally representative nutrition data from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 2.2 (CCHS 2004) and CCHS Nutrition in 2015. Dietary intake data were collected with use of two 24-h dietary recalls and dietary supplement use was determined by questionnaire. The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate the usual intake of vitamin D as well as the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy among Canadians aged ≥1 y. Results From 2004 to 2015, the usual intake of vitamin D from food significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05) by 1 μg/d only in vitamin D supplement nonusers. The contribution of Milk and Alternatives food group (i.e., fluid milk, fortified soy beverages, powdered milk, and other milk alternatives) to dietary vitamin D intake significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05) in both supplement users (by 7.1%) and nonusers (by 5.8%). Prevalence of vitamin D supplement use and percentage contribution of vitamin D from supplemental sources significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05) by 5.0% and 14.9%, respectively, from 2004 to 2015. Total usual intake of vitamin D (food + supplement) significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05) from 15.1 ± 0.3 μg/d in 2004 to 31.5 ± 1.8 μg/d in 2015 in vitamin D supplement users. In contrast to vitamin D supplement nonusers, the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05) from 20.6% to 14.1% among users of vitamin D supplements. Conclusions The prevalence of vitamin D supplement use and the percentage contribution of vitamin D from supplemental sources has increased in the Canadian population over an 11-y period.

scholarly journals Pregnancy diet and offspring asthma risk over a 10-year period: the Lifeways Cross Generation Cohort Study, Ireland

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e017013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karien Viljoen ◽  
Ricardo Segurado ◽  
John O’Brien ◽  
Celine Murrin ◽  
John Mehegan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Marginal Model ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
Asthma Risk ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
Oily Fish ◽  
Asthma Status

ObjectiveThe association of maternal pregnancy diet with offspring asthma risk have been reported. However, literature on longitudinal patterns of asthma risk relative to intrauterine nutrient exposure is limited. We aimed to establish whether vegetable, oily fish and vitamin D intake during pregnancy are associated with childhood asthma risk over a 10-year period in the Irish Republic.DesignMother–child pairs (n=897) from the Lifeways prospective birth cohort, with data on nutrient intake during pregnancy and asthma status, respectively, were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. Data on socioeconomic and morbidity indicators over 10 years of follow-up on mothers and the index child were collected through self-administered questionnaires. Asthma status as diagnosed by the general practitioner at any time point over 10 years was related to maternal vegetable, oily fish and vitamin D intake during pregnancy, while adjusting for gestational age, socioeconomic status, smoking at delivery, breast feeding, season of birth and supplement use. Data were modelled with a marginal model on correlated observations over time within individuals.ResultsIn the fully adjusted model, asthma was inversely associated with higher daily average intake of oily fish (OR 0.23 per serving/day, 95% CI 0.04 to 1.41) and of vegetables (OR 0.96 per serving/day, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.05), but the confidence limits overlapped 1. A higher daily vitamin D intake was associated with reduced odds of asthma (OR 0.93 per μg/day, 95% CI 0.89 to 0.98).ConclusionThis analysis suggests higher daily average intake of vitamin D in pregnancy is associated with asthma risk in offspring over the first 10 years of life.

Abstract 193: Supplement Usage and the Relationship Between Education and Socioeconomic Status: Is Counseling Intervention Needed?

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramita Gowda ◽  
Rupa L Iyengar ◽  
Cynara Maceda ◽  
Mary Ann McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Education Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Counseling Intervention ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Introduction: Multivitamin (MVI) intake is seen in more than one third of American population. Each form of MVI differs in content and quantity of nutrients. Approximately 1 billion people around the world suffer from the deficiency of Vitamin D (Vit-D). Vit-D is necessary for a range of important cellular functions including the maintenance of calcium metabolism and normal muscle function. Current American College of Physician guidelines suggest a daily intake of 1,500 to 2,000 IU/day for adults for Vit-D less than 30ng/ml. There are no current guidelines for MVI usage. The aim of this study to understand the differences in supplement use among varying education levels. Methods: We evaluated 1,013 participants in the World Trade Center-CHEST Program from January 2011 to June 2014. Education level and supplement use for both MVI and Vit-D were self-reported in the questionnaire. Education levels were separated into 4 categories in regard to higher education: (1) None=Less than 12 years/High School/GED, (2) Some=Some college, no degree/associates degree, (3) College =Bachelor’s degree, (4) Graduate=Advanced degree (Masters’ and/or Doctorate Degrees) Chi-square analysis, independent t-test, and ANOVA analyses were performed in SAS 9.4. Results: MVI usage was lowest among those with the lowest education (None group) at 7.97%. compared to the other education levels: 44.93% (Some group), 31.64% (College group) and 15.46% (Graduate group). There was significant relationship in terms of MVI usage between the lowest education level (None group) and the other education levels ( p =0.0214). Among those taking Vit-D, the lowest usage was also seen in the lowest education level, at 9.65%, compared to ‘Some’ at 41.67%, ‘College’ at 31.14% and ‘Graduate’ at 17.54%. There was a trend towards significance in Vit-D usage among those with the lowest education levels (None) compared with the other education groups ( p =0.0773). Conclusion: There is no established data to suggest multivitamin use is directly associated with chronic illnesses such as increased cardiovascular risks, cancer and pulmonary disease. It has been established that hypovitaminosis D is associated with increased risk for hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Vitamin D supplementation is recommended to mitigate these risks. Those with higher education levels are more likely to take supplements possibly because of their increased health literacy. Patients with lower education levels may benefit from counseling of vitamin supplementation usage, MVI and especially in Vit-D as it has shown to have health benefits.

scholarly journals Students’ Physical Activity Profiles According to Children’s Age and Parental Educational Level

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Inés M. Muñoz-Galiano ◽  
Jonathan D. Connor ◽  
Miguel A. Gómez-Ruano ◽  
Gema Torres-Luque
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Parental Education Level ◽  
Behavioral Profiles

The aim of this study was to identify different profiles of physical activity (PA) behaviors according to the school student’s age stage and their parents’ or guardians education level. Seven hundred twenty-seven students and parents of different educational stages were invited to take part in this study. The participants included, Preschool (1 to 5 years old), Primary School (6 to 11 years old), Secondary School (12 to 15 years old), and High School (16 to 18 years old). A questionnaire to assess the educational level of parents (low, intermediate, and high) and their child’s PA level and sedentary behaviors across various age stages was administered. The results showed a number of different physical activity profiles for preschool (4), primary (6), secondary (7) and high school (2) students. Primary and secondary school children’s behavioral profiles were reported to differ significantly between both physical activity levels and sedentary behaviors, while preschool students’ behavioral profiles only differed between sedentary behaviors. Higher parental education was most prevalent in clusters with significantly higher levels of PA in primary and secondary students, while there were equivocal trends for parental education level influencing behavioral profiles of high school students. These findings suggest there is some association between the behavioral profiles of student’s physical activity and sedentary behavior, and parental education level, most noticeably during the early to middle age stages.

scholarly journals Clustering of energy balance-related behaviours and parental education in European preschool children: the ToyBox study

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
María L. Miguel-Berges ◽  
Konstantina Zachari ◽  
Alba M. Santaliestra-Pasias ◽  
Theodora Mouratidou ◽  
Odysseas Androutsos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
High Water ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Parental Educational Level

AbstractEnergy balance-related behaviours (EBRB) are established in childhood and seem to persist through to adulthood. A lower parental educational level was associated with unhealthy behavioural patterns. The aim of the study is to identify clusters of EBRB and examine their association with preschool children’s BMI and maternal, paternal and parental education. A subsample of the ToyBox study (n 5387) conducted in six European countries was used. Six behavioural clusters (‘healthy diet and low activity’, ‘active’, ‘healthy lifestyle’, ‘high water and screen time; low fruits and vegetables (F&V) and physical activity (PA)’, ‘unhealthy lifestyle’ and ‘high F&V consumers’) emerged. The healthiest group characterised by high water and F&V consumption and high PA z scores (‘healthy lifestyle’) was more prevalent among preschool children with at least one medium- or higher-educated parent and showed markedly healthier trends for all the included EBRB. In the opposite, the ‘unhealthy lifestyle’ cluster (characterised by high soft drinks and screen time z scores, and low water, F&V and PA z scores) was more prevalent among children with lower parental, paternal and maternal education levels. OR identified that children with lower maternal, paternal and parental education levels were less likely to be allocated in the ‘healthy lifestyle’ cluster and more likely to be allocated in the ‘unhealthy lifestyle’ cluster. The ‘unhealthy lifestyle’ cluster was more prevalent among children with parents in lower parental educational levels and children who were obese. Therefore, parental educational level is one of the key factors that should be considered when developing childhood obesity prevention interventions.

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