Numerical characterization of residual stresses in a four-point-bending experiment of textured duplex stainless steel

The resulting shapes in production processes of metal components are strongly influenced by deformation induced residual stresses. Dual-phase steels are commonly used for industrial application of, e.g., forged or deep-drawn structural parts. This is due to their ability to handle high plastic deformations, while retaining desired stiffness for the products. In order to influence the resulting shape as well as component characteristics positively it is important to predict the distribution of phase-specific residual stresses which occur on the microscale of the material. In this contribution a comparative study is presented, where two approaches for the numerical simulation of residual stresses are applied. On the one hand a numerically efficient mean field theory is used to estimate on the grain level the total strain, the plastic strains and the eigenstrains based on macroscopic stress, strain and stiffness data. An alternative ansatz relies on a Taylor approximation for the grain level strains. Both approaches are applied to the corrosion-resistant duplex steel X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 (1.4462), which consists of a ferritic and an austenitic phase with the same volume fraction. Mean field and Taylor approximation strategies are implemented for usage in three dimensional solid finite element analysis and a geometrically exact Euler–Bernoulli beam for the simulation of a four-point-bending test. The predicted residual stresses are compared to experimental data from bending experiments for the phase-specific residual stresses/strains which have been determined by neutron diffraction over the bending height of the specimen.